National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Adverse Events (1)
- Alcohol Use (1)
- Antibiotics (2)
- Antimicrobial Stewardship (1)
- Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) (1)
- Children/Adolescents (1)
- (-) Community-Acquired Infections (7)
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- Elderly (2)
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- (-) Hospitalization (7)
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- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (1)
- Mortality (1)
- Outcomes (2)
- Pneumonia (4)
- Risk (1)
- Substance Abuse (1)
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 7 of 7 Research Studies DisplayedRastogi R, Yu PC, Deshpande A
Treatment and outcomes among patients ≥85 years hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.
This retrospective cohort study’s objective was to describe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among patients ≥85 years and compare them to patients aged 65-74. Findings showed that patients aged 85 and over have different comorbidities and etiologies of CAP, receive less intense treatment, and have greater mortality than patients between 65 and 75 years.
AHRQ-funded; HS024277.
Citation: Rastogi R, Yu PC, Deshpande A .
Treatment and outcomes among patients ≥85 years hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.
J Investig Med 2022 Feb;70(2):376-82. doi: 10.1136/jim-2021-002078..
Keywords: Elderly, Community-Acquired Infections, Pneumonia, Outcomes, Hospitalization
Vaughn VM, Gandhi T, Petty LA
Empiric antibacterial therapy and community-onset bacterial coinfection in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: a multi-hospital cohort study.
A randomly sampled cohort of 1705 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 was used. Data was collected on early empiric antibacterial therapy within 2 days of hospitalization, empiric antibacterial therapy and community-onset bacterial co-infections. Of the 1705 patients, 56.6% were prescribed early empiric antibacterial therapy, with 3.5% having a confirmed community-onset bacterial infection. Use varied across hospitals, ranging from 27% to 84%. Patients were more likely to receive the therapy if they were older, had more severe illness, had a lobar infiltrate, or were admitted to a for-profit hospital. Over the one-month period empiric antibacterial use decreased.
AHRQ-funded; HS026530; HS026725.
Citation: Vaughn VM, Gandhi T, Petty LA .
Empiric antibacterial therapy and community-onset bacterial coinfection in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: a multi-hospital cohort study.
Clin Infect Dis 2021 May 18;72(10):e533-e41. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1239..
Keywords: COVID-19, Infectious Diseases, Community-Acquired Infections, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Medication, Hospitalization
Shang J, Russell D, Dowding D
A predictive risk model for infection-related hospitalization among home healthcare patients.
Infection prevention is a high priority for home healthcare (HHC), but tools are lacking to identify patients at highest risk of developing infections. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a predictive risk model to identify HHC patients at risk of an infection-related hospitalization or emergency department visit. A nonexperimental study using secondary data was conducted.
AHRQ-funded; HS024723.
Citation: Shang J, Russell D, Dowding D .
A predictive risk model for infection-related hospitalization among home healthcare patients.
J Healthc Qual 2020 May/Jun;42(3):136-47. doi: 10.1097/jhq.0000000000000214..
Keywords: Elderly, Home Healthcare, Infectious Diseases, Community-Acquired Infections, Risk, Hospitalization, Emergency Department
Elman MR, Williams CD, Bearden DT
Healthcare-associated urinary tract infections with onset post hospital discharge.
The objective of this study was to measure the incidence of potentially healthcare-associated (HA), community-onset (CO) urinary tract infection (UTI) in a retrospective cohort of hospitalized patients. Among 3,273 patients at risk for potentially HA-CO UTI, results found that the incidence of HA-CO UTI in the 30 days post discharge was 29.8 per 1,000 patients; independent risk factors included paraplegia, quadriplegia, indwelling catheter during index hospitalization, prior piperacillin-tazobactam prescription, prior penicillin class prescription, and private insurance. The authors conclude that HA-CO UTI may be common within 30 days following hospital discharge, and that their data suggests that surveillance efforts may need to be expanded to capture the full burden to patients and to better inform antibiotic prescribing decisions for patients with a history of hospitalization.
AHRQ-funded; HS020970.
Citation: Elman MR, Williams CD, Bearden DT .
Healthcare-associated urinary tract infections with onset post hospital discharge.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2019 Aug;40(8):863-71. doi: 10.1017/ice.2019.148..
Keywords: Adverse Events, Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI), Community-Acquired Infections, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Hospital Discharge, Hospitalization, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Gupta NM, Lindenauer PK, Yu PC
Association between alcohol use disorders and outcomes of patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.
The purpose of this study was to compare the causes, treatment, and outcomes of pneumonia in patients with and without alcohol use disorder (AUD). Results suggest that, compared with hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia but without AUD, those with AUD less often harbor resistant organisms. The authors conclude that higher age-adjusted risk of death among patients with AUD appears to be largely attributable to differences in comorbidities, whereas greater use of health care resources may be attributable to alcohol withdrawal.
AHRQ-funded; HS024277; HS025026.
Citation: Gupta NM, Lindenauer PK, Yu PC .
Association between alcohol use disorders and outcomes of patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.
JAMA Netw Open 2019 Jun 5;2(6):e195172. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5172..
Keywords: Alcohol Use, Community-Acquired Infections, Hospitalization, Outcomes, Pneumonia, Substance Abuse
Frush JM, Zhu Y, Edwards KM
Prevalence of staphylococcus aureus and use of antistaphylococcal therapy in children hospitalized with pneumonia.
In a studied group of children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia, staphylococcal pneumonia was rare but associated with adverse in-hospital outcomes. Despite this low prevalence, use of antistaphylococcal antibiotics was common. The authors recommended efforts to minimize overuse of antistaphylococcal antibiotics while also ensuring adequate treatment for pathogen-specific diseases.
AHRQ-funded; HS022342.
Citation: Frush JM, Zhu Y, Edwards KM .
Prevalence of staphylococcus aureus and use of antistaphylococcal therapy in children hospitalized with pneumonia.
J Hosp Med 2018 Dec;13(12):848-52. doi: 10.12788/jhm.3093..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Infectious Diseases, Pneumonia, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Community-Acquired Infections, Hospitalization, Antibiotics, Medication
Weir RE, Lyttle CS, Meltzer DO
The relative ability of comorbidity ascertainment methodologies to predict in-hospital mortality among hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia patients.
In this observational study, the investigators sought to compare the relative value of several methodologies by which comorbidities may be ascertained. The authors concluded that although comorbidities derived through administrative data did produce an area under the curve greater than chart review, their analyses suggested a coding bias in several comorbidities with a paradoxically protective effect. They assert that chart review, while labor and resource intensive, may be the ideal method for ascertainment of clinically relevant comorbidities.
AHRQ-funded; HS016948; HS010597.
Citation: Weir RE, Lyttle CS, Meltzer DO .
The relative ability of comorbidity ascertainment methodologies to predict in-hospital mortality among hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia patients.
Med Care 2018 Nov;56(11):950-55. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000989..
Keywords: Community-Acquired Infections, Hospitalization, Mortality, Pneumonia