National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Topics
- Adverse Events (2)
- Alcohol Use (1)
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- Antimicrobial Stewardship (3)
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- Blood Clots (3)
- Blood Pressure (3)
- Cancer (7)
- Cancer: Breast Cancer (3)
- Cancer: Colorectal Cancer (1)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (6)
- Care Management (2)
- Case Study (6)
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- Clinician-Patient Communication (1)
- Clostridium difficile Infections (2)
- Communication (4)
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- Comparative Effectiveness (5)
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- Disparities (2)
- Education: Continuing Medical Education (1)
- Education: Patient and Caregiver (3)
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- Sexual Health (1)
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- Surgery (1)
- Tobacco Use (3)
- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (13)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 84 Research Studies DisplayedSpatz ES, Jiang X, Lu J
Qingdao Port Cardiovascular Health Study: a prospective cohort study.
The Qingdao Port Cardiovascular Health Study was designed to investigate the burden of cardiovascular disease and the sociodemographic, biological, environmental and clinical risk factors associated with disease onset and outcomes. Early findings reveal a significant increase in cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and body mass index) from 2000 to 2010.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Spatz ES, Jiang X, Lu J .
Qingdao Port Cardiovascular Health Study: a prospective cohort study.
BMJ Open 2015 Dec 9;5(12):e008403. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008403.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Risk, Social Determinants of Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention
Levy DE, Munshi VN, Ashburner JM
Health IT-assisted population-based preventive cancer screening: a cost analysis.
The researchers analyzed costs from a randomized trial of 2 health IT strategies to improve cancer screening compared with usual care from the perspective of a primary care network. They found that over the course of the study year, the value of reduced physician time devoted to preventive cancer screening outweighed the costs of the interventions.
AHRQ-funded; HS020308; HS018161.
Citation: Levy DE, Munshi VN, Ashburner JM .
Health IT-assisted population-based preventive cancer screening: a cost analysis.
Am J Manag Care 2015 Dec;21(12):885-91..
Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Cancer, Screening, Prevention, Healthcare Costs
Fan T, Feaginsfletcher H
AHRQ Author: Fan T
Screening for iron deficiency anemia in young children.
This case study involves a 32-year-old white woman, presenting to your office with her nine-month-old son for a routine well-child visit. It poses three multiple choice questions together with the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations and related background information.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Fan T, Feaginsfletcher H .
Screening for iron deficiency anemia in young children.
Am Fam Physician 2015 Dec 15;92(12):1103-4.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Screening, Case Study, Children/Adolescents, Prevention
Chopra V, Saint S
Vascular catheter infections: time to get technical.
Combining technical and socioadaptive factors within a bundle of best practices has substantially reduced catheter-related bloodstream infections in the past decade, but which elements of this bundle are most responsible for reducing catheter infections? Although a key technical solution should become the standard of care to prevent vascular catheter infections, the authors recommended getting even more technical to prevent other health-care-associated infections.
AHRQ-funded; HS022835.
Citation: Chopra V, Saint S .
Vascular catheter infections: time to get technical.
Lancet 2015 Nov 21;386(10008):2034-36. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00245-7.
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Keywords: Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Patient Safety, Prevention
Weiner BJ, Pignone MP, DuBard CA
Advancing heart health in North Carolina primary care: the Heart Health NOW study protocol.
The objective of Heart Health NOW (HHN) is to determine if primary care practice support a comprehensive evidence-based quality improvement strategy involving practice facilitation, academic detailing, technology support, and regional learning collaboratives—accelerates widespread dissemination and implementation of evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in small- to medium-sized primary care practices.
AHRQ-funded; HS023912.
Citation: Weiner BJ, Pignone MP, DuBard CA .
Advancing heart health in North Carolina primary care: the Heart Health NOW study protocol.
Implement Sci 2015 Nov 14;10:160. doi: 10.1186/s13012-015-0348-4..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Evidence-Based Practice, Prevention, Primary Care
Sutkowi-Hemstreet A, Vu M, Harris R
Adult patients' perspectives on the benefits and harms of overused screening tests: a qualitative study.
This study determined how patients think about the harms and benefits of overused screening tests and how they consider these and other factors when making decisions. It found that many patients could not name a harm of screening. When they did name harms, patients often focused on only the harms of the screening test itself and rarely mentioned harms further along the screening cascade.
AHRQ-funded; HS021133.
Citation: Sutkowi-Hemstreet A, Vu M, Harris R .
Adult patients' perspectives on the benefits and harms of overused screening tests: a qualitative study.
J Gen Intern Med 2015 Nov;30(11):1618-26. doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3283-9.
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Keywords: Prevention, Screening, Patient Experience, Elderly, Education: Patient and Caregiver
Singal AG, El-Serag HB
Hepatocellular carcinoma from epidemiology to prevention: Translating knowledge into practice.
The effectiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prevention in clinical practice and at the population level has lagged behind due to patient, provider, system, and societal factors. The authors suggest that the Quality in the Continuum of Cancer Care model provides a framework for evaluating the HCC prevention processes, including potential failures that create a gap between efficacy and effectiveness.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Singal AG, El-Serag HB .
Hepatocellular carcinoma from epidemiology to prevention: Translating knowledge into practice.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015 Nov;13(12):2140-51. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.08.014.
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Keywords: Cancer, Implementation, Prevention, Social Determinants of Health
Persell SD, Brown T, Lee JY
Individualized risk communication and outreach for primary cardiovascular disease prevention in community health centers: randomized trial.
The researchers conducted a randomized trial to determine if mailed outreach containing patients’ individualized CVD risk and uncontrolled risk factors followed by telephone discussion with trained lay health workers would improve statin use for primary prevention among community health center patients with moderately high cardiovascular risk. They found that the intervention, led to more cholesterol treatment discussions with primary care clinicians but had little impact on statin prescribing.
AHRQ-funded; HS021141.
Citation: Persell SD, Brown T, Lee JY .
Individualized risk communication and outreach for primary cardiovascular disease prevention in community health centers: randomized trial.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2015 Nov;8(6):560-6. doi: 10.1161/circoutcomes.115.001723..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Prevention, Community-Based Practice, Clinician-Patient Communication, Risk
VanGompel EC, Jerant AF, Franks PM
Primary care attributes associated with receipt of preventive care services: a national study.
This study explored whether primary care attributes (PCAs) encompassed by patient-centered medical homes increase receipt of preventive care. Based ,on a nationally representative sample, greater reported exposure to key primary care attributes, with the exception of enhanced access, was associated with increased preventive care. These findings may inform best practices for maximizing preventive care delivery.
AHRQ-funded; HS022236.
Citation: VanGompel EC, Jerant AF, Franks PM .
Primary care attributes associated with receipt of preventive care services: a national study.
J Am Board Fam Med 2015 Nov-Dec;28(6):733-41. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2015.06.150092.
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Keywords: Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient and Family Engagement, Prevention, Primary Care
de St Maurice A, Grijalva CG, Fonnesbeck C
Racial and regional differences in rates of invasive pneumococcal disease.
This study assessed the impact of introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on pediatric IPD rates, as well as changes in racial and regional differences in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), in Tennessee. It found that PCV13 introduction led to substantial declines in childhood IPD rates and was associated with reduced regional and racial differences in IPD rates in Tennessee.
AHRQ-funded; HS022342.
Citation: de St Maurice A, Grijalva CG, Fonnesbeck C .
Racial and regional differences in rates of invasive pneumococcal disease.
Pediatrics 2015 Nov;136(5):e1186-94. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-1773..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Vaccination, Prevention
Croft LD, Liquori M, Ladd J
The effect of contact precautions on frequency of hospital adverse events.
The researchers sought to determine whether use of contact precautions on hospital ward patients is associated with patient adverse events. They concluded that hospital ward patients on contact precautions were less likely to experience noninfectious adverse events during their hospital stay than patients not on contact precautions.
AHRQ-funded; HS018111.
Citation: Croft LD, Liquori M, Ladd J .
The effect of contact precautions on frequency of hospital adverse events.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015 Nov;36(11):1268-74. doi: 10.1017/ice.2015.192.
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Keywords: Adverse Events, Patient Safety, Prevention, Hospitals
Baker DW, Brown T, Goldman SN
Two-year follow-up of the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention to improve adherence to annual colorectal cancer screening in community health centers.
After an earlier outreach intervention achieved 82 percent annual adherence to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), this study assessed adherence to FOBT after a second outreach. It found that a total of 88.7 percent of patients completed a fecal immunochemical test within 6 months of their second outreach.
AHRQ-funded; HS021141.
Citation: Baker DW, Brown T, Goldman SN .
Two-year follow-up of the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention to improve adherence to annual colorectal cancer screening in community health centers.
Cancer Causes Control 2015 Nov;26(11):1685-90. doi: 10.1007/s10552-015-0650-0..
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Prevention, Screening
Patnode CD, Henderson JT, Thompson JH
Behavioral counseling and pharmacotherapy interventions for tobacco cessation in adults, including pregnant women: a review of reviews for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
The researchers reviewed the effectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapy and behavioral interventions for tobacco cessation. They concluded that behavioral and pharmacotherapy interventions improve rates of smoking cessation among the general adult population, alone or in combination. Data on the effectiveness and safety of electronic nicotine delivery systems are limited.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200015I.
Citation: Patnode CD, Henderson JT, Thompson JH .
Behavioral counseling and pharmacotherapy interventions for tobacco cessation in adults, including pregnant women: a review of reviews for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
Ann Intern Med 2015 Oct 20;163(8):608-21. doi: 10.7326/m15-0171..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Evidence-Based Practice, Medication, Pregnancy, Prevention, Tobacco Use, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Women
Croswell J, Ballard T
AHRQ Author: Croswell J
Screening for thyroid dysfunction.
A 40-year-old woman presents for a routine well-woman examination. She is not pregnant, is in good health, reports no symptoms, and her physical examination is unremarkable. The question is: should she be screened for thyroid dysfunction? This case study quiz is based on the recommendations of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF).
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Croswell J, Ballard T .
Screening for thyroid dysfunction.
Am Fam Physician 2015 Oct 15;92(8):717-8..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Screening, Prevention, Case Study
Highfield L, Rajan SS, Valerio MA
A non-randomized controlled stepped wedge trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-level mammography intervention in improving appointment adherence in underserved women.
This study evaluated a theoretically based, systematically designed implementation strategy to support adoption and implementation of a patient navigation-based intervention, called Peace of Mind Program (PMP), aimed at improving breast cancer screening among underserved women.. Any potential confounding or bias will be controlled in the analysis. Outcomes such as appointment adherence, patient referral to diagnostics, time to diagnostic referral, patient referral to treatment, time to treatment referral, and budget impact of the intervention will be assessed.
AHRQ-funded; HS023255.
Citation: Highfield L, Rajan SS, Valerio MA .
A non-randomized controlled stepped wedge trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-level mammography intervention in improving appointment adherence in underserved women.
Implement Sci 2015 Oct 14;10:143. doi: 10.1186/s13012-015-0334-x.
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Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Screening, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Women, Vulnerable Populations, Prevention, Imaging
Rangachari P, Madaio M, Rethemeyer RK
Cumulative impact of periodic top-down communications on infection prevention practices and outcomes in two units.
The authors investigated the challenge of consistent implementation of evidence-based infection prevention practices at the unit level. Their results showed that the interventions cumulatively had a significant desired impact on central catheter use and helped validate the theoretical literature and identify evidence-based management strategies for practice change at the unit level. Further, periodic top-down communications have the potential to modify interprofessional knowledge exchanges and enable practice change at the unit level, leading to significantly improved outcomes and reduced costs.
AHRQ-funded; HS019785.
Citation: Rangachari P, Madaio M, Rethemeyer RK .
Cumulative impact of periodic top-down communications on infection prevention practices and outcomes in two units.
Health Care Manage Rev 2015 Oct-Dec;40(4):324-36. doi: 10.1097/hmr.0000000000000038.
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Keywords: Communication, Evidence-Based Practice, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Children/Adolescents, Prevention
Yanagizawa-Drott L, Kurland L, Schuur JD
Infection prevention practices in Swedish emergency departments: results from a cross-sectional survey.
This study aimed to estimate the extent to which Swedish EDs have adopted evidence-based measures to prevent healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). It found that thirty-nine percent of EDs participate in a project to improve hand hygiene compliance. Staff hand hygiene compliance rates were audited at least monthly in 45 percent of EDs. Forty-three percent reported a compliance rate of 80 percent or more.
AHRQ-funded; HS021616; HS020013.
Citation: Yanagizawa-Drott L, Kurland L, Schuur JD .
Infection prevention practices in Swedish emergency departments: results from a cross-sectional survey.
Eur J Emerg Med 2015 Oct;22(5):338-42. doi: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000159..
Keywords: Emergency Department, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Prevention, Risk
Sentell T, Miyamura J, Ahn HJ
Potentially preventable hospitalizations for congestive heart failure among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in Hawai'i.
The authors studied congestive heart failure (CHF) hospitalizations among racial groups. They found that high preventable CHF hospitalization rates are seen in some Asian and Pacific Islander groups, especially Native Hawaiians and Filipinos, who have these hospitalizations at younger ages than other studied groups.
AHRQ-funded; HS019990.
Citation: Sentell T, Miyamura J, Ahn HJ .
Potentially preventable hospitalizations for congestive heart failure among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in Hawai'i.
J Immigr Minor Health 2015 Oct;17(5):1289-97. doi: 10.1007/s10903-014-0098-4.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Hospitalization, Prevention, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health
Hemmila MR, Osborne NH, Henke PK
Prophylactic inferior vena cava filter placement does not result in a survival benefit for trauma patients.
The researchers examined the relationship between prophylactic inferior vena cava (IVC) filter use, mortality, and venous thromboembolic events (VTE). They found that high rates of prophylactic IVC filter placement have no effect on reducing trauma patient mortality and are associated with an increase in deep venous thromboembolism (DVT) events.
AHRQ-funded; HS018728.
Citation: Hemmila MR, Osborne NH, Henke PK .
Prophylactic inferior vena cava filter placement does not result in a survival benefit for trauma patients.
Ann Surg 2015 Oct;262(4):577-85. doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000001434..
Keywords: Blood Clots, Outcomes, Mortality, Injuries and Wounds, Prevention
Mortel M, Rauscher GH, Murphy AM
Racial and ethnic disparity in symptomatic breast cancer awareness despite a recent screen: the role of tumor biology and mammography facility characteristics.
In a racially and ethnically diverse sample of recently diagnosed urban patients with breast cancer, the researchers examined associations of patient, tumor biology, and mammography facility characteristics on the probability of symptomatic discovery of their breast cancer despite a recent prior screening mammogram. They concluded that facility resources and tumor aggressiveness explain much of the racial/ethnic disparity in symptomatic breast cancer among recently screened patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS018366.
Citation: Mortel M, Rauscher GH, Murphy AM .
Racial and ethnic disparity in symptomatic breast cancer awareness despite a recent screen: the role of tumor biology and mammography facility characteristics.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015 Oct;24(10):1599-606. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0305.
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Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Disparities, Women, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Screening, Prevention
Jones SM, Gell NM, Roth JA
The relationship of perceived risk and biases in perceived risk to fracture prevention behavior in older women.
The researchers compared perceived risk and biases in perceived risk for fracture to fracture preventive behavior. They found that higher perceived risk was related to lower quality of life and self-reported health, more medication and calcium use, increased bone density scan use, and less walking. Bias was only associated with less medication use. Neither perceived risk nor bias predicted medication adherence.
AHRQ-funded; HS022982.
Citation: Jones SM, Gell NM, Roth JA .
The relationship of perceived risk and biases in perceived risk to fracture prevention behavior in older women.
Ann Behav Med 2015 Oct;49(5):696-703. doi: 10.1007/s12160-015-9702-7.
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Keywords: Injuries and Wounds, Women, Risk, Prevention, Education: Patient and Caregiver
Caya T, Musuuza J, Yanke E
Using a systems engineering initiative for patient safety to evaluate a hospital-wide daily chlorhexidine bathing intervention.
The researchers undertook a systems engineering approach to evaluate housewide implementation of daily chlorhexidine bathing. They performed direct observations of the bathing process and conducted provider and patient surveys. The main outcome was compliance with bathing using a checklist. Fifty-seven percent of baths had full compliance with the chlorhexidine bathing protocol. Additional time was the main barrier.
AHRQ-funded; HS024039.
Citation: Caya T, Musuuza J, Yanke E .
Using a systems engineering initiative for patient safety to evaluate a hospital-wide daily chlorhexidine bathing intervention.
J Nurs Care Qual 2015 Oct-Dec;30(4):337-44. doi: 10.1097/ncq.0000000000000129..
Keywords: Patient Safety, Prevention, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)
Heo HH, Sentell TL, Li D
Disparities in potentially preventable hospitalizations for chronic conditions among Korean Americans, Hawaii, 2010-2012.
The researchers compared preventable hospitalizations for chronic conditions in aggregate and for congestive heart failure (CHF) for Korean Americans and whites in Hawaii. They found that older Korean American patients may have significant disparities in preventable hospitalizations, which suggests poor access to or poor quality of primary health care.
AHRQ-funded; HS019990.
Citation: Heo HH, Sentell TL, Li D .
Disparities in potentially preventable hospitalizations for chronic conditions among Korean Americans, Hawaii, 2010-2012.
Prev Chronic Dis 2015 Sep 17;12:E152. doi: 10.5888/pcd12.150057.
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Keywords: Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Hospitalization, Prevention, Chronic Conditions
McNellis R, Lewis P
AHRQ Author: McNellis R
Behavioral counseling to promote a healthful diet and physical activity for cardiovascular disease prevention in adults with cardiovascular risk factors.
This case study quiz is based on the recommendations of the USPSTF. The case concerns a 34-year-old man who smokes. When he presents for his annual checkup for hypertension, his blood pressure is elevated (142/95 mm Hg), and he has gained 10 lb (4.5 kg) since his last visit.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: McNellis R, Lewis P .
Behavioral counseling to promote a healthful diet and physical activity for cardiovascular disease prevention in adults with cardiovascular risk factors.
Am Fam Physician 2015 Sep 15;92(6):509-10.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Case Study, Lifestyle Changes, Nutrition, Prevention, Risk, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
Milstone AM, Koontz DW, Voskertchian A
Treating parents to reduce NICU transmission of Staphylococcus aureus (TREAT PARENTS) trial: protocol of a multisite randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
This study looks to measure the effect of treating parents with short course intranasal mupirocin and topical chlorhexidine antisepsis on acquisition of S. aureus colonisation and infection in neonates. The primary outcome will be neonatal acquisition of an S. aureus strain that is concordant to the parental baseline S. aureus strain.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Milstone AM, Koontz DW, Voskertchian A .
Treating parents to reduce NICU transmission of Staphylococcus aureus (TREAT PARENTS) trial: protocol of a multisite randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
BMJ Open 2015 Sep 09;5(9):e009274. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009274.
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Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Newborns/Infants, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Prevention, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)