National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 73 Research Studies DisplayedSong Zhang, Zhang X, Patterson LJ
Racial and ethnic disparities in hospitalization outcomes among Medicare beneficiaries during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This study assessed assess racial and ethnic differences in hospitalization outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic among Medicare beneficiaries. Medicare claims from the Social Security Administration was used to determine in-hospital mortality and mortality inclusive of discharges to hospice and discharges to postacute care. Over 31 million Medicare recipients in the database were analyzed with over 14 million hospitalizations from January 2019 to February 2021. There was a decline in non-COVID-19 and an emergence of COVID-19 hospitalizations among beneficiaries of different racial and ethnic minority groups through February 2021. In-hospital mortality was not significantly different among Black patients relative to White patients but was 3.5 percentage points higher among Hispanic patients and other racial and ethnic minority groups. There were disparities in discharges to hospice and postacute care as well.
AHRQ-funded; HS024072.
Citation: Song Zhang, Zhang X, Patterson LJ .
Racial and ethnic disparities in hospitalization outcomes among Medicare beneficiaries during the COVID-19 pandemic.
JAMA Health Forum 2021 Dec 23;2(12):e214223. doi: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.4223..
Keywords: COVID-19, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Medicare, Hospitalization, Outcomes, Mortality
Lin JS, Hoffman L, Bean SI
Addressing racism in preventive services: methods report to support the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The purpose of this report was to articulate the definitional and conceptual issues around racism and health inequity and to describe how racism and health inequities are currently addressed in preventive health. An audit was conducted assessing published literature on policy and position statements addressing racism, a subset of cancer and cardiovascular topics in USPSTF reports, recent systematic reviews on interventions to reduce health inequities, and societies, organizations, agencies, and funding bodies to gather information about how they address racism and health equity. Findings showed that racism is complex and pervasive, operates at multiple interrelated levels, and exerts negative effects on other social determinants and health and well-being through multiple pathways. The most directly relevant and immediately useful guidance identified is that from the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) working group.
AHRQ-funded; 290201600006C.
Citation: Lin JS, Hoffman L, Bean SI .
Addressing racism in preventive services: methods report to support the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2021 Dec 21;326(23):2412-20. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.17579..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Social Determinants of Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Research Methodologies, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice
Steenland MW, Wilson IB, Matteson KA
Association of Medicaid expansion in Arkansas with postpartum coverage, outpatient care, and racial disparities.
This study’s objective was to measure the association of Medicaid expansion in Arkansas with postpartum coverage, outpatient care, and racial disparities. A total of 60,990 childbirths were reviewed from January 1, 2014 on with a total of 72.3% paid for by Medicaid and 27.7% paid for by a commercial payer. The mean age of the birthing person was 27; with 67% White, 22% Black, and 7% Hispanic. Medicaid expansion in Arkansas was associated with a 27.8 percentage point increase in continuous insurance coverage and an increase in outpatient visits of 0.9 during the first 6 months postpartum, representing relative increases of 54.9% and 75.0%, respectively. Racial disparities in postpartum coverage decreased from 6.3 percentage points before expansion to -2.0 after. However, disparities in outpatient care after expansion persisted between Black and White individuals.
AHRQ-funded; HS027464.
Citation: Steenland MW, Wilson IB, Matteson KA .
Association of Medicaid expansion in Arkansas with postpartum coverage, outpatient care, and racial disparities.
JAMA Health Forum 2021 Dec;2(12):e214167. doi: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.4167..
Keywords: Medicaid, Maternal Care, Pregnancy, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Policy, Women, Access to Care
Admon LK, Dalton VK, Kolenic GE
Comparison of delivery-related, early and late postpartum severe maternal morbidity among individuals with commercial insurance in the US, 2016 to 2017.
This study analyzed data from 2016 to 2017 on delivery-related, early, and late postpartum severe maternal morbidity (SMM) among individuals with commercial insurance by race and ethnicity and perinatal mood and anxiety disorder (PMAD) status. This cross-sectional study of deidentified claims data from the Optum Clinformatics Data Mart evaluated rates of SMM during 3 pregnancy periods among individuals aged 15 to 44 years. The study sample comprised of 100,982 individuals with a mean age of 31.6 years. SMM rates were compared for pregnancies with and without complications, with blood transfusions being the number one indicator for pregnancy and postpartum periods with SMM. Rates of SMM with and without blood transfusion varied by race and ethnicity and PMAD status. Higher rates of SMM were identified among Black individuals compared with White individuals for the pregnancy, early postpartum, and late postpartum periods, respectively. Higher rates of blood transfusion were also identified in each of the 3 periods among individuals with PMADs compared to individuals without PMADs.
AHRQ-funded; HS027640.
Citation: Admon LK, Dalton VK, Kolenic GE .
Comparison of delivery-related, early and late postpartum severe maternal morbidity among individuals with commercial insurance in the US, 2016 to 2017.
JAMA Netw Open 2021 Dec;4(12):e2137716. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.37716..
Keywords: Labor and Delivery, Pregnancy, Maternal Care, Pregnancy, Health Insurance, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Anxiety
Fashaw-Walters SA, McCreedy E, Bynum JPW
Disproportionate increases in schizophrenia diagnoses among Black nursing home residents with ADRD.
Investigators examined how race and Alzheimer's and related dementia (ADRD) status influenced the rate of schizophrenia diagnoses among nursing home (NH) residents following the CMS National Partnership to Improve Dementia Care. Using 2011-2015 Minimum Data Set 3.0 assessments, they found that, following the partnership, black NH residents with ADRD were more likely to have a schizophrenia diagnosis documented on their minimum data set assessments, and schizophrenia rates increased for black NH residents with ADRD only.
AHRQ-funded; HS000011.
Citation: Fashaw-Walters SA, McCreedy E, Bynum JPW .
Disproportionate increases in schizophrenia diagnoses among Black nursing home residents with ADRD.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2021 Dec;69(12):3623-30. doi: 10.1111/jgs.17464..
Keywords: Elderly, Dementia, Nursing Homes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Long-Term Care
Ejem D, Steinhauser K, Dionne-Odom JN
Exploring culturally responsive religious and spirituality health care communications among African Americans with advanced heart failure, their family caregivers, and clinicians.
This study explored how religion and spirituality (R/S) impacts the ways that African Americans (AAs) cope with serious illness. In particular, this study looks at AAs with advanced heart failure and their family caregivers’ (FCGs) preferences about R/S in patient-clinician communication. Transcribed interviews were analyzed to identify emergent themes. AA patient participants (n = 15) were a mean age of 62, 40% female, and 87% had >high school diploma/GED. AA FCGs (n = 14) were a mean age of 58, 93% female, 93% had >high school diploma/GED, and 86% were unemployed. Most caregivers were patients’ spouses/partners. All participants were Protestants. Patients and FCGs perspectives differed in relation to inclusion of R/S in health care communication. Patients felt that R/S should not be discussed in clinical encounters and discussed only if patient initiated. FCGs felt that clinicians’ R/S communication is not a priority, but clinicians should openly acknowledge patients’ R/S beliefs and should engage in R/S conversations with patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Ejem D, Steinhauser K, Dionne-Odom JN .
Exploring culturally responsive religious and spirituality health care communications among African Americans with advanced heart failure, their family caregivers, and clinicians.
J Palliat Med 2021 Dec;24(12):1798-806. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2021.0044..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Communication, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Caregiving
Vervoort D, Canner JK, Haut ER
Racial disparities associated with reinterventions after elective endovascular aortic aneurysm repair.
In this study, the authors’ goal was to examine racial disparities associated with reinterventions following elective endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) in a real-world cohort. Using the Vascular Quality Initiative EVAR dataset, they found that Black patients requiring reintervention were more frequently female, more frequently current or former smokers, and less frequently insured by Medicare/Medicaid. After adjusting for baseline differences, the risk of reintervention after elective EVAR was significantly lower for Black versus White patients, and all-cause mortality was comparable between groups. The authors recommended further investigation.
AHRQ-funded; HS024547.
Citation: Vervoort D, Canner JK, Haut ER .
Racial disparities associated with reinterventions after elective endovascular aortic aneurysm repair.
J Surg Res 2021 Dec;268:381-88. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.07.010..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Outcomes
Krissberg JR, Kaufmann MB, Gupta A
Racial disparities in pediatric kidney transplantation under the new Kidney Allocation System in the United States.
This study aimed to assess how implementation of the 2014 Kidney Allocation System (KAS) affected racial and ethnic disparities in pediatric kidney transplantation access and related outcomes. The authors performed a retrospective cohort study of children <18 years of age active on the kidney transplant list from 2008 to 2019 using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. Results found that all children experienced longer wait times from activation to transplantation post-KAS. Although they found that Black and Hispanic children and other children of color experienced longer times from activation to transplant compared with White children in both eras; this finding was largely attenuated after multivariable analysis. Multivariable analysis also showed that racial and ethnic disparities in time from dialysis initiation to transplantation in the pre-KAS era were lessened in the post-KAS era. No disparities were found in odds of delayed graft function, however Black and Hispanic children experienced longer times with a functioning graft in the post-KAS era.
AHRQ-funded; HS026128.
Citation: Krissberg JR, Kaufmann MB, Gupta A .
Racial disparities in pediatric kidney transplantation under the new Kidney Allocation System in the United States.
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2021 Dec; 16(12):1862-71. doi: 10.2215/cjn.06740521..
Keywords: Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Kidney Disease and Health, Transplantation
Werner RM, Templeton Z, Apathy N
Trends in post-acute care in US nursing homes: 2001-2017.
The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to describe recent trends in post-acute care provision within nursing homes, focusing specifically on nursing homes' degree of specialization in post-acute care. The investigators concluded that over the last 2 decades, post-acute care has become increasingly concentrated in a subset of nursing homes, which tend to be for-profit, part of a chain, and less likely to serve racial and ethnic minorities and persons on Medicaid.
AHRQ-funded; HS026116.
Citation: Werner RM, Templeton Z, Apathy N .
Trends in post-acute care in US nursing homes: 2001-2017.
J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021 Dec;22(12):2491-95.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.06.015..
Keywords: Elderly, Nursing Homes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Protudjer JLP, Greenhawt M, Abrams EM
Race and ethnicity and food allergy: remaining challenges.
Food allergy is a common chronic condition of childhood, with an increasing prevalence over time. Similar to other chronic pediatric diseases, the burden of disease falls most heavily among historically underrepresented racial and ethnic populations. This article examines challenges related to race, ethnicity and food allergy.
AHRQ-funded; HS024599.
Citation: Protudjer JLP, Greenhawt M, Abrams EM .
Race and ethnicity and food allergy: remaining challenges.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2021 Nov;9(11):3859-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.07.004..
Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Gorman DC, Ham SA, Staab EM
Medical assistant protocol improves disparities in depression screening rates.
This study examined the impacts of a medical assistant screening protocol on the rates of depression screening, overall and by sociodemographic groups, in a primary care setting. Findings showed that implementation of a medical assistant protocol in a primary care setting may significantly increase depression screening rates while mitigating or removing sociodemographic disparities.
AHRQ-funded; HS026151.
Citation: Gorman DC, Ham SA, Staab EM .
Medical assistant protocol improves disparities in depression screening rates.
Am J Prev Med 2021 Nov;61(5):692-700. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.05.010..
Keywords: Disparities, Depression, Behavioral Health, Screening, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Ingraham NE, Purcell LN, Karam BS
Racial and ethnic disparities in hospital admissions from COVID-19: determining the impact of neighborhood deprivation and primary language.
This retrospective cohort study evaluated neighborhood-level deprivation and English language proficiency effects on disproportionate outcomes seen in racial and ethnic minorities diagnosed with COVID-19. Health records of 12 Midwest hospitals and 60 clinics in Minnesota between March 4 and August 19, 2020 were used. COVID-19 hospitalization rates were evaluated against the patient’s Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and primary language. A total of 5577 individuals were included, with 866 hospitalized within 45 days of diagnosis. Hospitalized patients were older, and more likely to be male. Minority/race ethnicity was associated with COVID-19 severity, but ADI was not associated with increased hospitalization. Non-English speaking significantly increased odds of hospital admission across and within minority groups.
AHRQ-funded; HS024532; HS26732; HS026379.
Citation: Ingraham NE, Purcell LN, Karam BS .
Racial and ethnic disparities in hospital admissions from COVID-19: determining the impact of neighborhood deprivation and primary language.
J Gen Intern Med 2021 Nov;36(11):3462-70. doi: 10.1007/s11606-021-06790-w..
Keywords: COVID-19, Hospitalization, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities
Goyal MK, Drendel AL, Chamberlain JM
Racial/ethnic differences in ED opioid prescriptions for long bone fractures: trends over time.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether racial and/or ethnic differences in provision of outpatient opioid prescriptions for children discharged from the ED with long bone fractures have decreased over time. Findings showed that, as provision of opioid prescriptions declined over time, previously marked racial and/or ethnic disparities in opioid
prescription rates at ED discharge decreased.
prescription rates at ED discharge decreased.
AHRQ-funded; HS020270.
Citation: Goyal MK, Drendel AL, Chamberlain JM .
Racial/ethnic differences in ED opioid prescriptions for long bone fractures: trends over time.
Pediatrics 2021 Nov;148(5):e2021052481. doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-052481..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Opioids, Emergency Department, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Injuries and Wounds, Pain, Medication
Herb J, Staley BS, Roberson M
Use and disparities in parathyroidectomy for symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism in the Medicare population.
The investigators’ objective was to determine national usage and disparities in parathyroidectomy for symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism among insured older adults. Data was obtained using Medicare claims. They found that parathyroidectomy was underused and recommended that quality improvement efforts, rooted in equitable care, be undertaken to increase access to parathyroidectomy for this disease.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Herb J, Staley BS, Roberson M .
Use and disparities in parathyroidectomy for symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism in the Medicare population.
Surgery 2021 Nov;170(5):1376-82. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2021.05.026..
Keywords: Elderly, Disparities, Medicare, Surgery, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Thompson HM, Sharma B, Bhalla S
Bias and fairness assessment of a natural language processing opioid misuse classifier: detection and mitigation of electronic health record data disadvantages across racial subgroups.
The objective of this study was to assess fairness and bias of a previously validated machine learning opioid misuse classifier. Two experiments were conducted with the classifier's original and external validation datasets from 2 health systems. Bias was assessed via testing for differences in type II error rates across racial/ethnic subgroups (Black, Hispanic/Latinx, White, Other) using bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals. The investigators concluded that standardized, transparent bias assessments were needed to improve trustworthiness in clinical machine learning models.
AHRQ-funded; HS026385.
Citation: Thompson HM, Sharma B, Bhalla S .
Bias and fairness assessment of a natural language processing opioid misuse classifier: detection and mitigation of electronic health record data disadvantages across racial subgroups.
J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021 Oct 12;28(11):2393-403. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocab148..
Keywords: Opioids, Substance Abuse, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Grafova IB, Jarrín OF
Beyond Black and White: mapping misclassification of Medicare beneficiaries race and ethnicity.
This study examined state-level variation in racial/ethnic misclassification of race and ethnicity in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services administrative database using the enrollment database (EDB) beneficiary race code and the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) race code. The cohort included 4,231,370 Medicare beneficiaries who utilized home health care services in 2015. The authors found substantial variation between states in misclassification of self-identified Hispanic, Asian American/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native beneficiaries.
AHRQ-funded; HS022406.
Citation: Grafova IB, Jarrín OF .
Beyond Black and White: mapping misclassification of Medicare beneficiaries race and ethnicity.
Med Care Res Rev 2021 Oct;78(5):616-26. doi: 10.1177/1077558720935733..
Keywords: Medicare, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities
Nguyen KH, Thorsness R, Hayes S
Evaluation of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in initiation of kidney failure treatment during the first 4 months of the COVID-19 pandemic.
This study examined the impact of COVID-19 on initiation of kidney failure treatment during the first 4 months of the pandemic with a focus on racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities. The study population included 127,149 patients with incident kidney failure between January 2018 and June 2020. The mean age of patients was 62.8 years, and were 41.7% female, 25.9% non-Hispanic Black and 15.6% Hispanic/Latino. There were significant decreases in the proportion of patients with incident kidney failure receiving preemptive transplantation and initiating hemodialysis treatment with an arteriovenous fistula during the first 4 months of the pandemic compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. These decreases were most significant among non-Hispanic Black patients. There were also significant decreases in patients residing in counties in the highest quintile of COVID-19 mortality rates, but not for patients residing in other counties. Treatment initiation was approximately 30% lower than projected in April 2020.
AHRQ-funded; HS028285.
Citation: Nguyen KH, Thorsness R, Hayes S .
Evaluation of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in initiation of kidney failure treatment during the first 4 months of the COVID-19 pandemic.
JAMA Netw Open 2021 Oct;4(10):e2127369. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27369..
Keywords: COVID-19, Kidney Disease and Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities
Valbuena VSM, Obayemi JE, Purnell TS
Gender and racial disparities in the transplant surgery workforce.
This review explores trends in the United States (US) transplant surgery workforce with a focus on historical demographics, post-fellowship job market, and quality of life reported by transplant surgeons. Ongoing efforts to improve women and racial/ethnic minority representation in transplant surgery are highlighted in this paper. Future directions to create a transplant workforce that reflects the diversity of the US population are discussed.
AHRQ-funded; HS024600; HS000053.
Citation: Valbuena VSM, Obayemi JE, Purnell TS .
Gender and racial disparities in the transplant surgery workforce.
Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2021 Oct 1;26(5):560-66. doi: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000915..
Keywords: Workforce, Provider: Physician, Transplantation, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
O'Kane M, Agrawal S, Binder L
AHRQ Author: Meyers D
An equity agenda for the field of health care quality improvement.
The authors of this paper assert that the U.S. health system must take action to centralize equity, particularly racial equity (including ethnicity), in discussions of quality. In this discussion paper, the authors provide an analysis and delineation of the key elements of their racial equity agenda for the field of health care quality improvement.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: O'Kane M, Agrawal S, Binder L .
An equity agenda for the field of health care quality improvement.
NAM Perspect 2021 Sep 15;2021. doi: 10.31478/202109b..
Keywords: Quality Improvement, Quality of Care, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Social Determinants of Health
Markovitz AA, Ayanian JZ, Warrier A
Medicare Advantage plan double bonuses drive racial disparity in payments, yield no quality or enrollment improvements.
Using national data for 2008-18, investigators found that double bonuses were not associated with either improvements in plan quality or increased Medicare Advantage enrollment. Additionally, double bonuses increased payments to plans to care for Black beneficiaries by $60 per year, compared with $91 for White beneficiaries. These findings suggest that double bonuses not only fail to improve quality and enrollment but also foster a racially inequitable distribution of Medicare funds that disfavors Black beneficiaries. This study supports eliminating double bonuses, thereby saving Medicare an estimated $1.8 billion per year.
AHRQ-funded; HS000053.
Citation: Markovitz AA, Ayanian JZ, Warrier A .
Medicare Advantage plan double bonuses drive racial disparity in payments, yield no quality or enrollment improvements.
Health Aff 2021 Sep;40(9):1411-19. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2021.00349..
Keywords: Medicare, Health Insurance, Payment, Quality Improvement, Quality of Care, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Goyal MK, Chamberlain JM, Webb M
Racial and ethnic disparities in the delayed diagnosis of appendicitis among children.
The objective of this 3-year multicenter retrospective cohort study of children was to determine if there are race/ethnicity differences in rates of appendiceal perforation, delayed diagnosis of appendicitis, and diagnostic imaging during prior visit(s). Delayed diagnosis was defined as having at least one emergency department (ED) visit within 7 days preceding the appendicitis diagnosis. Out of 7,298 patients diagnosed with appendicitis and documented race/ethnicity, 2,567 had appendiceal perforation. Non-Hispanic (NH) Black children had a higher likelihood of perforation (36.5% versus 34.9%) then non-Hispanic whites. They also were over twice as likely to have delayed diagnosis (4.7% versus 2.0%). Eighty-nine patients (43.2%) patients with delayed diagnosis had abdominal imaging during the prior visits. However, NH-Black children were less likely to have any imaging (28.2% versus 46.2%) or definitive imaging (10.3% versus 35.9%).
Acad Emerg Med 2021 Sep;28(9):949-56. doi: 10.1111/acem.14142.
Citation: Goyal MK, Chamberlain JM, Webb M .
Racial and ethnic disparities in the delayed diagnosis of appendicitis among children.
Acad Emerg Med 2021 Sep;28(9):949-56. doi: 10.1111/acem.14142..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Wallace DD, Lytle LA, Albrecht S
All of that causes me stress: an exploration of the sources of stress experienced by Latinxs living with prediabetes.
Latinxs immigrants in the United States experience sources of stress (i.e., stressors) that can limit their ability to engage in healthy behaviors. Stress has been linked to increased type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in Latinxs living with prediabetes, a group disproportionately affected by T2D. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe and contextualize the variety of stressors experienced by Latinxs immigrants diagnosed with prediabetes.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Wallace DD, Lytle LA, Albrecht S .
All of that causes me stress: an exploration of the sources of stress experienced by Latinxs living with prediabetes.
J Lat Psychol 2021 Aug;9(3):204-16. doi: 10.1037/lat0000168..
Keywords: Stress, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Diabetes, Chronic Conditions, Behavioral Health
Akwo EA, Robinson-Cohen C, Chung CP
Association of apparent treatment-resistant hypertension with differential risk of end-stage kidney disease across racial groups in the million veteran program.
Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (ATRH) has been linked to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and cardiovascular disease. In this study, the investigators tested the hypothesis that the effect of ATRH on ESKD is greater in Black patients than in White patients and investigated the effect of ATRH on ESKD independent of APOL1 genotype. The investigators concluded that ATRH was associated with an elevated risk of adverse kidney and cardiovascular outcomes. The effect of ATRH on incident ESKD was magnified among patients with reduced kidney function as well as Black patients, independently of APOL1 genotype.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Akwo EA, Robinson-Cohen C, Chung CP .
Association of apparent treatment-resistant hypertension with differential risk of end-stage kidney disease across racial groups in the million veteran program.
Hypertension 2021 Aug;78(2):376-86. doi: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16181..
Keywords: Blood Pressure, Kidney Disease and Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Adams LB, Richmond J, Watson SN
Community health worker training curricula and intervention outcomes in African American and Latinx communities: a systematic review.
This systematic review examined research on the relationship between community health worker (CHW) training curricula and intervention outcomes conducted among African American and Latinx populations. Studies included were quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies employed to conduct outcome and process evaluations of CHW-led interventions. Out of 3,295 articles from the extensive literature search, only 36 met the review’s inclusion criteria. Overall, the strength of evidence linking specific CHW training curricula components to primary health interventions in conditions such as hypertension and diabetes was weak, and no studies directly linked outcomes to specific characteristics of CHW training. Studies that discussed training related to didactic sessions or classified as high intensity reported higher percentages of positive outcomes compared to other CHW training methods.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032; HS026122.
Citation: Adams LB, Richmond J, Watson SN .
Community health worker training curricula and intervention outcomes in African American and Latinx communities: a systematic review.
Health Educ Behav 2021 Aug;48(4):516-31. doi: 10.1177/1090198120959326..
Keywords: Community-Based Practice, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Training, Outcomes, Provider: Health Personnel
Hickey EJ, Stransky M, Kuhn J
Parent stress and coping trajectories in Hispanic and non-Hispanic families of children at risk of autism spectrum disorder.
This study examined trajectories of parenting stress, coping, and perceived family impact over time throughout the autism diagnostic process among Hispanic and non-Hispanic families. Findings showed that Hispanic families reported lower levels of parenting stress, coping, and negative family impact across time. Further, there were differences in the change in use of coping and the amount of negative family impact reported between Hispanic and non-Hispanic parents over time.
AHRQ-funded; HS022242.
Citation: Hickey EJ, Stransky M, Kuhn J .
Parent stress and coping trajectories in Hispanic and non-Hispanic families of children at risk of autism spectrum disorder.
Autism 2021 Aug;25(6):1694-708. doi: 10.1177/13623613211001611..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Autism, Stress, Behavioral Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities