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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 13 of 13 Research Studies DisplayedHuppert J
AHRQ Author: Huppert J
Adolescents with vulvar ulcers: COVID-19 disease, COVID-19 vaccines, and the value of case reports.
The author indicates that there are too few cases reporting aphthosis after COVID disease or COVID-19 vaccination to infer a statistical association, but that case reports are a valuable source of rich details about conditions that are difficult to study with more rigorous designs and can be synthesized to help guide medical care. She recommends that it is time for a high-quality systematic review of vulvar aphthosis in order for clinicians to incorporate the existing evidence into decision-making and best care for patients.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Huppert J .
Adolescents with vulvar ulcers: COVID-19 disease, COVID-19 vaccines, and the value of case reports.
J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2022 Apr;35(2):109-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2022.01.006..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, COVID-19, Vaccination, Research Methodologies
Callejo-Black A, Wagner DV, Ramanujam K
A systematic review of external validity in pediatric integrated primary care trials.
This study used the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework to conduct a systematic review of external validity reporting in integrated primary care (IPC) interventions for mental health concerns. A literature search was conducted to identify relevant literature from 1998 to 2018 reporting on open, randomized or quasi-randomized trials of IPC interventions that targeted child (ages 0-18 years) psychological symptoms. The authors included 39 publications describing 25 studies in the review. Publications rarely reported indicators of external validity, including the representatives of participants (12%), rate of adoption clinics or providers (16%), cost of implementation (8%), or evidence of maintenance (16%). Few studies also included key pragmatic factors such as cost or organizational change processes related to implementation and maintenance.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Callejo-Black A, Wagner DV, Ramanujam K .
A systematic review of external validity in pediatric integrated primary care trials.
J Pediatr Psychol 2020 Oct 1;45(9):1039-52. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa068..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Primary Care, Behavioral Health, Healthcare Delivery, Evidence-Based Practice, Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies
Bucholz EM, Toomey SL, Butala NM
Suitability of elderly adult hospital readmission rates for profiling readmissions in younger adult and pediatric populations.
Investigators sought to determine the correlation between hospital 30-day risk-standardized readmission rates in elderly adults and those in nonelderly adults and children. Data from U.S. hospitals in the 2013-2014 Nationwide Readmissions Database were used. The researchers found that hospital readmission rates in elderly adults may reflect broader hospital readmission performance in middle-aged and young adult populations, but they are not reflective of hospital performance in pediatric populations.
AHRQ-funded; HS020513; HS025299.
Citation: Bucholz EM, Toomey SL, Butala NM .
Suitability of elderly adult hospital readmission rates for profiling readmissions in younger adult and pediatric populations.
Health Serv Res 2020 Apr;55(2):277-87. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.13269..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospital Readmissions, Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies, Children/Adolescents
Merritt C, Dietrich AM, Bogie AL
2018 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference: A Workforce Development Research Agenda for Pediatric Care in the Emergency Department.
Although the number of pediatric emergency medicine specialists continues to rise, the vast majority of children are cared for in general EDs outside of children's hospitals by a diverse workforce of care providers who must possess the knowledge, experience, skills, and systemic support necessary to deliver excellent pediatric emergency care. There is a crucial need to understand the factors that drive the professional development and support systems of this diverse workforce. In this paper the investigators identified five key research themes and prioritized a specific research agenda.
AHRQ-funded; HS026101.
Citation: Merritt C, Dietrich AM, Bogie AL .
2018 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference: A Workforce Development Research Agenda for Pediatric Care in the Emergency Department.
Acad Emerg Med 2019 Sep;26(9):1063-73. doi: 10.1111/acem.13638..
Keywords: Emergency Department, Research Methodologies, Children/Adolescents
Han B, Yu H
Causal difference-in-differences estimation for evaluating the impact of semi-continuous medical home scores on health care for children.
For the purposes of this paper, "medical homeness" is a semi-continuous score ranging from 0 to 100 to indicate the extent to which a patient-centered medical home model is achieved. The researchers developed a causal difference-in-differences approach to estimating the effects of a treatment with semi-continuous dosages. They found that there was a roughly linear effect of medical homeness scores on the annual number of visits to doctor offices when medical homeness scores were below 60 points. The number of office visits did not further increase when medical homeness scores were above 60. A similar relationship was found between medical homeness scores and ratings for health care quality.
AHRQ-funded; HS023336.
Citation: Han B, Yu H .
Causal difference-in-differences estimation for evaluating the impact of semi-continuous medical home scores on health care for children.
Health Serv Outcomes Res Methodol 2019 Mar;19(1):61-78. doi: 10.1007/s10742-018-00195-9..
Keywords: Patient-Centered Healthcare, Children/Adolescents, Research Methodologies
Riley AR, Freeman KA
Impacting pediatric primary care: opportunities and challenges for behavioral research in a shifting healthcare landscape.
This commentary discusses the role that behavioral analysts can have in partnership with pediatric medicine. There have been advances, but there has been limited impact for the daily practice of pediatrics. The authors discuss why behavioral pediatrics has failed to gain traction in primary care, describe possible opportunities for an expanded portfolio of research, and identify several examplars from the behavior analytic literature that has influenced pediatric primary care, and make further recommendations for producing influential data.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Riley AR, Freeman KA .
Impacting pediatric primary care: opportunities and challenges for behavioral research in a shifting healthcare landscape.
Behav Anal 2019 Feb;19(1):23-38. doi: 10.1037/bar0000114..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Children/Adolescents, Health Services Research (HSR), Healthcare Delivery, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Primary Care, Primary Care: Models of Care, Research Methodologies
Ishimine P, Adelgais K, Barata I
Executive summary: the 2018 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference: Aligning the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Research Agenda to Reduce Health Outcome Gaps.
Emergency care providers share a compelling interest in developing an effective patient-centered, outcomes-based research agenda that can decrease variability in pediatric outcomes. The 2018 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference "Aligning the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Research Agenda to Reduce Health Outcome Gaps (AEMCC)" aimed to fulfill this role. This paper discusses the conference which convened major thought leaders and stakeholders to introduce a research, scholarship, and innovation agenda for pediatric emergency care specifically to reduce health outcome gaps.
AHRQ-funded; HS026101.
Citation: Ishimine P, Adelgais K, Barata I .
Executive summary: the 2018 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference: Aligning the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Research Agenda to Reduce Health Outcome Gaps.
Acad Emerg Med 2018 Dec;25(12):1317-26. doi: 10.1111/acem.13667..
Keywords: Implementation, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Outcomes, Research Methodologies
Vemulakonda VM, Bush RA, Kahn MG
"Minimally invasive research?" Use of the electronic health record to facilitate research in pediatric urology.
This literature study examined the use of electronic health records (EHRs) to facilitate research in pediatric urology. The use of EHRs has been strongly encouraged by US federal agencies, including AHRQ. The researchers found that EHR use for research has strengths and weaknesses and more collaboration is needed to identify the method that best suits incorporation of research-oriented data collection into routine pediatric urologic clinical practice.
AHRQ-funded; HS024597; HS022404.
Citation: Vemulakonda VM, Bush RA, Kahn MG .
"Minimally invasive research?" Use of the electronic health record to facilitate research in pediatric urology.
J Pediatr Urol 2018 Oct;14(5):374-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2018.04.033..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Children/Adolescents, Health Information Technology (HIT), Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies
Mbachu SN, Pieribone VA, Bechtel KA
Optimizing recruitment and retention of adolescents in ED research: findings from concussion biomarker pilot study.
The authors conducted a pilot study to optimize screening, recruitment, and enrollment strategies for a larger, fully-powered study that seeks to identify proteins in the blood of adolescent athletes following a concussion that are significantly and consistently altered compared with age- and gender-matched controls with isolated extremity injuries. They found that EHR-based notifications and financial incentives for participation in ED research on prolonged recovery in adolescents with concussion increased participant identification and enrollment and retention rates to inform and optimize the enrollment and recruitment strategies for a larger study. There was a clear trend for participants to present to the ED on nights or weekends, likely reflecting the time of sport play.
AHRQ-funded; HS021271.
Citation: Mbachu SN, Pieribone VA, Bechtel KA .
Optimizing recruitment and retention of adolescents in ED research: findings from concussion biomarker pilot study.
Am J Emerg Med 2018 May;36(5):884-87. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2017.09.014.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies
Kao LM, Greenhawt MJ, Warren CM
Parental and parent-perceived child interest in clinical trials for food allergen immunotherapy.
This investigation of the motivations and desires of caregivers related to enrolling their child in a clinical trial for food allergen immunotherapy found that the majority of respondents would consider enrolling their child in a trial, irrespective of most patient demographic and disease characteristics. Families earning ≥$100,000/ year reported significantly greater willingness to enroll in a trial.
AHRQ-funded; HS024599.
Citation: Kao LM, Greenhawt MJ, Warren CM .
Parental and parent-perceived child interest in clinical trials for food allergen immunotherapy.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018 Mar;120(3):331-33.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.12.012.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Erves JC, Mayo-Gamble TL, Hull PC
Adolescent participation in HPV vaccine clinical trials: are parents willing?
This study examined factors influencing parental willingness to consent to their adolescents' participation in HPV vaccine clinical trials and tested for possible racial differences. The authors assert that educating parents about the advantages of HPV vaccines for younger adolescents using low-literacy educational materials and building trust between parents and researchers may increase parental willingness to consent to adolescent participation in HPV vaccine clinical trials.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Erves JC, Mayo-Gamble TL, Hull PC .
Adolescent participation in HPV vaccine clinical trials: are parents willing?
J Community Health 2017 Oct;42(5):894-901. doi: 10.1007/s10900-017-0331-x..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Research Methodologies, Vaccination
Heerman WJ, White RO, Barkin SL
Advancing informed consent for vulnerable populations.
The authors suggest an innovative approach that uses low health-literacy communication strategies and visual aids to augment and potentially replace the traditional approach to informed consent. This approach involves: (1) the use of effective health communication and low-literacy techniques, (2) the use of visual aids and graphics to promote understanding and guide the reader toward key study concepts, and (3) careful attention to child dissenting behaviors.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Heerman WJ, White RO, Barkin SL .
Advancing informed consent for vulnerable populations.
Pediatrics 2015 Mar;135(3):e562-4. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-3041..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Communication, Health Literacy, Obesity, Research Methodologies
Carayon P, Li Y, Kelly MM
Stimulated recall methodology for assessing work system barriers and facilitators in family-centered rounds in a pediatric hospital.
In this study, the researchers implemented and evaluated the use of a stimulated recall methodology for collective confrontation in the context of family-centered rounds (FCRs). They concluded that their study demonstrated the value of the stimulated recall methodology to identify a range of work system factors that either positively or negatively influence family engagement during FCRs.
AHRQ-funded; HS018680.
Citation: Carayon P, Li Y, Kelly MM .
Stimulated recall methodology for assessing work system barriers and facilitators in family-centered rounds in a pediatric hospital.
Appl Ergon 2014 Nov;45(6):1540-6. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2014.05.001..
Keywords: Hospitals, Children/Adolescents, Teams, Research Methodologies