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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 27 Research Studies DisplayedMontgomery JR, Waits SA, Dimick JB
Perioperative risks of sleeve gastrectomy versus roux-en-Y gastric bypass among patients with chronic kidney disease: a review of the MBSAQIP database.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with chronic kidney disease experienced higher rates of perioperative complications after roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) compared to sleeve gastrectomy. The investigators concluded that among well-matched cohorts of RYGB and sleeve gastrectomy patients, incidence of primary outcomes were similar. Among secondary outcomes, only acute kidney injury was statistically-significantly higher among RYGB patients; however, the E-value for this difference was small and relatively weak confounder(s) could abrogate the statistical difference.
AHRQ-funded; HS025778.
Citation: Montgomery JR, Waits SA, Dimick JB .
Perioperative risks of sleeve gastrectomy versus roux-en-Y gastric bypass among patients with chronic kidney disease: a review of the MBSAQIP database.
Ann Surg 2021 Oct 1;274(4):e328-e35. doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003627..
Keywords: Surgery, Obesity, Kidney Disease and Health, Risk, Chronic Conditions
Borgatti AC, Schneider-Worthington CR, Stager LM
The COVID-19 pandemic and weight management: effective behaviors and pandemic-specific risk factors.
This study evaluated weight management efforts among weight loss program participants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings showed that most online survey participants reported gaining weight during COVID-19. Further, loneliness and working remotely increased the difficulty of weight management behaviors. However, staying active, planning and tracking food consumption, choosing healthy foods, and reducing emotional eating protected against weight gain during this time.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Borgatti AC, Schneider-Worthington CR, Stager LM .
The COVID-19 pandemic and weight management: effective behaviors and pandemic-specific risk factors.
Obes Res Clin Pract 2021 Sep-Oct;15(5):518-21. doi: 10.1016/j.orcp.2021.06.007..
Keywords: COVID-19, Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management, Risk
Pollack LM, Wang M, Leung MYM
Obesity-related multimorbidity and risk of cardiovascular disease in the middle-aged population in the United States.
The purpose of this paper was to investigate the prevalence of obesity-related multimorbidity (co-occurrence of ≥2 obesity-related chronic diseases, ORCDs) and the risk of cardiovascular disease in the presence of multimorbidity in middle-aged adults in the United States. The investigators found that hypertension was most commonly the first diagnosed ORCD for populations with 2-4 ORCDs, followed by diabetes for populations with 2-3 ORCDs.
AHRQ-funded; HS022330.
Citation: Pollack LM, Wang M, Leung MYM .
Obesity-related multimorbidity and risk of cardiovascular disease in the middle-aged population in the United States.
Prev Med 2020 Oct;139:106225. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106225..
Keywords: Obesity, Cardiovascular Conditions, Risk, Chronic Conditions
Yuce TK, Khorfan R, Soper NJ
Post-operative complications and readmissions associated with smoking following bariatric surgery.
The link between smoking and poor postoperative outcomes is well established. Despite this, current smokers are still offered bariatric surgery. In this study, the investigators describe the risk of postoperative 30-day complications and readmission following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic Roux-En-Y gastric bypass in smokers. The investigators concluded that smokers undergoing bariatric surgery experienced significantly worse 30-day outcomes when compared with non-smokers.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: Yuce TK, Khorfan R, Soper NJ .
Post-operative complications and readmissions associated with smoking following bariatric surgery.
J Gastrointest Surg 2020 Mar;24(3):525-30. doi: 10.1007/s11605-019-04488-3..
Keywords: Surgery, Tobacco Use, Adverse Events, Hospital Readmissions, Obesity: Weight Management, Obesity, Risk, Outcomes
Glazer KB, Danilack VA, Werner EF
Elucidating the role of overweight and obesity in racial and ethnic disparities in cesarean delivery risk.
This study’s goal was to quantify the extent to which overweight and obesity explain cesarean delivery rates among women of different racial and ethnic backgrounds. Administrative records were used from New York City for 216,481 singleton, nulliparous births from 2008 to 2013. Risk ratios, risk differences, and population attributable fractions for associations between body mass index and cesarean, stratified by race and ethnicity was calculated. Black and Hispanic women had the highest cesarean rates attributable to obesity and overweight (17.4% and 14.6%) respectively.
AHRQ-funded; HS025013.
Citation: Glazer KB, Danilack VA, Werner EF .
Elucidating the role of overweight and obesity in racial and ethnic disparities in cesarean delivery risk.
Ann Epidemiol 2020 Feb;42:4-11.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.12.012.
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Keywords: Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Pregnancy, Labor and Delivery, Risk, Obesity, Women
Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Eichen DM, Kass AE
Reciprocal longitudinal relations between weight/shape concern and comorbid pathology among women at very high risk for eating disorder onset.
This study examined short-term reciprocal longitudinal relations between weight/shape concern and comorbid symptoms and behaviors over the course of 24 months using cross-lagged panel models. Subjects were women 18-25 years old at high risk for onset of an eating disorder (ED), randomized to an online ED preventive intervention or waitlist control. Results supported focusing intervention on reducing weight/shape concern over reducing comorbid constructs for efficient short-term change.
AHRQ-funded; HS00078.
Citation: Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Eichen DM, Kass AE .
Reciprocal longitudinal relations between weight/shape concern and comorbid pathology among women at very high risk for eating disorder onset.
Eat Weight Disord 2019 Dec;24(6):1189-98. doi: 10.1007/s40519-017-0469-7..
Keywords: Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management, Women, Risk, Behavioral Health, Young Adults
Montgomery JR, Waits SA, Dimick JB
Risks of bariatric surgery among patients with end-stage renal disease.
Pretransplant morbid obesity among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a significant predictor of delayed access to transplant and inferior posttransplant patient and kidney allograft outcomes. In this study, the authors performed an analysis of perioperative safety of bariatric surgery in obese patients with ESRD using a national registry capturing greater than 95% of bariatric operations.
AHRQ-funded; HS025778.
Citation: Montgomery JR, Waits SA, Dimick JB .
Risks of bariatric surgery among patients with end-stage renal disease.
JAMA Surg 2019 Dec;154(12):1160-62. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2019.2824..
Keywords: Surgery, Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management, Kidney Disease and Health, Transplantation, Risk, Chronic Conditions
Brenes-Monge A, Saavedra-Avendano B, Alcalde-Rabanal J
Are overweight and obesity associated with increased risk of cesarean delivery in Mexico? A cross-sectional study from the National Survey of Health and Nutrition.
Researchers conducted a cross-sectional study to test the association between overweight and obesity and cesarean delivery in Mexico using data from the 2012 National Survey of Health and Nutrition (ENSANUT). They found that multiparous women with obesity are at higher risk of cesarean delivery in Mexico than multiparous women with normal body mass index. They recommend that efforts to reduce the cesarean deliveries rate take the obesity epidemic into account.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Brenes-Monge A, Saavedra-Avendano B, Alcalde-Rabanal J .
Are overweight and obesity associated with increased risk of cesarean delivery in Mexico? A cross-sectional study from the National Survey of Health and Nutrition.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019 Jul 11;19(1):239. doi: 10.1186/s12884-019-2393-5..
Keywords: Labor and Delivery, Obesity, Pregnancy, Risk, Women
Baskind MJ, Taveras EM, Gerber MW
Parent-perceived stress and its association with children's weight and obesity-related behaviors.
Psychosocial stress is associated with obesity in adult and pediatric populations, but few studies have examined the relationship between parent-perceived stress and risk of child obesity and related behaviors. In this study, the investigators studied 689 pairs of parents and children aged 2 to 12 in Massachusetts with a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 85th percentile. The investigators found that among children with overweight or obesity, parent-perceived stress was associated with fast-food consumption and physical activity.
AHRQ-funded; HS024332; HS022986.
Citation: Baskind MJ, Taveras EM, Gerber MW .
Parent-perceived stress and its association with children's weight and obesity-related behaviors.
Prev Chronic Dis 2019 Mar 28;16:E39. doi: 10.5888/pcd16.180368..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Family Health and History, Lifestyle Changes, Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management, Risk, Stress
Kumar V, Encinosa W, Thakur K
AHRQ Author: Encinosa W
Just living with obese family members increases your risk of type 2 diabetes.
Although diabetes has been associated with the incidence of obesity, many diabetes patients are not obese. In this paper the authors discuss how just living in a household with one or more obese biologically related family members is a major risk factor for diabetes, even after accounting for all the other traditional risk factors.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Kumar V, Encinosa W, Thakur K .
Just living with obese family members increases your risk of type 2 diabetes.
Clin Diabetes 2018 Oct;36(4):305-11. doi: 10.2337/cd17-0091..
Keywords: Diabetes, Obesity, Risk
Buys DR, Kennedy RE, Williams CP
Social and demographic predictors of nutritional risk: cross-sectional analyses from the UAB Study of Aging II.
Social factors may disparately affect access to food and nutritional risk among older adults by race and gender. This study assesses these associations using the Mini Nutritional Assessment among 414 community-dwelling persons 75+ years of age in Alabama. Multivariable analyses indicated that social factors affect nutritional risk differently by race and gender. Nutritional risk interventions are warranted for older adults.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Buys DR, Kennedy RE, Williams CP .
Social and demographic predictors of nutritional risk: cross-sectional analyses from the UAB Study of Aging II.
Fam Community Health 2018 Apr/Jun;41 Suppl 2 Suppl, Food Insecurity and Obesity:S33-s45. doi: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000180.
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Keywords: Elderly, Nutrition, Obesity, Risk, Social Determinants of Health
Goto T, Tsugawa Y, Faridi MK
Reduced risk of acute exacerbation of COPD after bariatric surgery: a self-controlled case series study.
Little is known about the impact of weight reduction on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-related outcomes in patients who are obese. This study found that the risk of an ED visit or hospitalization for acute exacerbation of COPD substantially decreased after bariatric surgery in patients who are obese. This observation suggests the effectiveness of substantial weight reduction on COPD morbidity.
AHRQ-funded; HS023305.
Citation: Goto T, Tsugawa Y, Faridi MK .
Reduced risk of acute exacerbation of COPD after bariatric surgery: a self-controlled case series study.
Chest 2018 Mar;153(3):611-17. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.07.003.
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Keywords: Respiratory Conditions, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Obesity, Risk, Surgery
Beckman AL, Herrin J, Nasir K
Trends in cardiovascular health of US adults by income, 2005-2014.
This research letter discusses the trends in cardiovascular health of US adults by income from 2005-2014. The investigators assessed national trends in cardiovascular risk factors by income level among adults aged 25 years and older using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, a nationally representative, multistage probability sample of the US population, across 5 periods: 2005 to 2006, 2007 to 2008, 2009 to 2010, 2011 to 2012, and 2013 to 2014.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Beckman AL, Herrin J, Nasir K .
Trends in cardiovascular health of US adults by income, 2005-2014.
JAMA Cardiol 2017 Jul;2(7):814-16. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2017.1654..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Risk, Disparities, Health Status, Blood Pressure, Obesity, Diabetes, Low-Income, Tobacco Use
Masterson Creber RM, Fleck E, Liu J
Identifying the complexity of multiple risk factors for obesity among urban Latinas.
The prevalence of obesity is rising rapidly among Hispanics/Latinas. Researchers evaluated the prevalence of being obese or overweight and associated risk factors among 630 low-income, Latina women. They found that being obese was strongly associated with having hypertension, pre-hypertension, diabetes and moderate/moderately severe/severe depression. Women who reported that finding time was a barrier to physical activity were also more likely to be obese.
AHRQ-funded; HS019853.
Citation: Masterson Creber RM, Fleck E, Liu J .
Identifying the complexity of multiple risk factors for obesity among urban Latinas.
J Immigr Minor Health 2017 Apr;19(2):275-84. doi: 10.1007/s10903-016-0433-z.
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Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Obesity, Risk, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Urban Health
Hart R, Veenstra DL, Boudreau DM
Impact of body mass index and genetics on warfarin major bleeding outcomes in a community setting.
The researchers conducted a case-control study to evaluate the association between body mass index and major bleeding risk among patients receiving warfarin. They found that obese patients had significantly lower major bleeding risk relative to non-obese patients . An exploratory analysis indicated a statistically significant interaction between CYP4F2*3 genetic status and obesity.
AHRQ-funded; HS022982.
Citation: Hart R, Veenstra DL, Boudreau DM .
Impact of body mass index and genetics on warfarin major bleeding outcomes in a community setting.
Am J Med 2017 Feb;130(2):222-28. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.08.017.
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Keywords: Blood Thinners, Obesity, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Risk, Adverse Events
Leung MY, Carlsson NP, Colditz GA
The burden of obesity on diabetes in the United States: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2008 to 2012.
The researchers analyzed the risk of developing diabetes and the annual cost of diabetes for a US general population. Their results suggested that the annual health care expenditure differentials between those with and without diabetes of age 50 years were the highest for individuals with class II ($12,907) and class III ($9,703) obesity.
AHRQ-funded; HS022330.
Citation: Leung MY, Carlsson NP, Colditz GA .
The burden of obesity on diabetes in the United States: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2008 to 2012.
Value Health 2017 Jan;20(1):77-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2016.08.735.
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Keywords: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Obesity, Diabetes, Healthcare Costs, Risk
Allaire BT, Raghavan R, Brown DS
Morbid obesity and use of second generation antipsychotics among adolescents in foster care: evidence from Medicaid.
The researchers examined the association between receiving a morbid obesity diagnosis and second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) prescriptions among adolescents in foster care. They found that the risk increases with age. Quetiapine and clozapine increased the risk of a morbid obesity diagnosis more than 2.5 times, and two or more psychotropic drugs (polypharmacy) increased the risk fivefold.
AHRQ-funded; HS020269.
Citation: Allaire BT, Raghavan R, Brown DS .
Morbid obesity and use of second generation antipsychotics among adolescents in foster care: evidence from Medicaid.
Child Youth Serv Rev 2016 Aug;67:27-31. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.05.019.
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Keywords: Medicaid, Obesity, Medication, Children/Adolescents, Risk
Vargas GM, Sieloff EP, Parmar AD
Laparoscopy decreases complications for obese patients undergoing elective rectal surgery.
This paper's goal was to determine whether obese patients undergoing laparoscopic rectal surgery experienced the same benefits as non-obese patients. The researchers found that laparoscopic rectal surgery is associated with fewer complications when compared to open rectal surgery in both obese and non-obese patients, and that obesity was an independent risk factor for postoperative complications.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134.
Citation: Vargas GM, Sieloff EP, Parmar AD .
Laparoscopy decreases complications for obese patients undergoing elective rectal surgery.
Surg Endosc 2016 May;30(5):1826-32. doi: 10.1007/s00464-015-4463-8.
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Keywords: Adverse Events, Obesity, Risk, Surgery
Heerman WJ, Krishnaswami S, Barkin SL
Adverse family experiences during childhood and adolescent obesity.
The researchers evaluated the association between adverse family experiences (AFEs) during childhood and adolescent obesity and determined populations at highest risk for AFEs. They found that adolescents in this national sample who were exposed to greater numbers of AFEs in childhood also had higher rates of overweight and obesity, and also that geographic variation and differential associations based on race/ethnicity identified children at greatest risk.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Heerman WJ, Krishnaswami S, Barkin SL .
Adverse family experiences during childhood and adolescent obesity.
Obesity 2016 Mar;24(3):696-702. doi: 10.1002/oby.21413..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Family Health and History, Obesity, Risk, Social Determinants of Health
Rivera-Soto WT, Rodriguez-Figueroa L
Is waist-to-height ratio a better obesity risk-factor indicator for Puerto Rican children than is BMI or waist circumference?
This study aimed to explore the association of a single blood pressure reading with 3 different obesity indicators (WC, BMI, and WHtR). Its findings suggest the possibility of higher prevalence of high blood pressure in obese Puerto Rican children. The waist-to height ratio could be the best indicator to measure obesity and potential hypertension in Puerto Rican children.
AHRQ-funded; HS014060.
Citation: Rivera-Soto WT, Rodriguez-Figueroa L .
Is waist-to-height ratio a better obesity risk-factor indicator for Puerto Rican children than is BMI or waist circumference?
P R Health Sci J 2016 Mar;35(1):20-5.
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Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Obesity, Children/Adolescents, Risk, Blood Pressure
Reynolds RJ, Vazquez AI, Srinivasasainagendra V
Serum urate gene associations with incident gout, measured in the Framingham Heart Study, are modified by renal disease and not by body mass index.
The researchers hypothesized that serum urate-associated SNPs, individually or collectively, interact with BMI and renal disease to contribute to risk of incident gout. They measured the incidence of gout and associated comorbidities using the original and offspring cohorts of the Framingham Heart Study. They demonstrated that minor alleles of rs1106766 (intergenic, INHBC) were negatively associated with the risk of incident gout in subjects without renal disease, but not for individuals with renal disease.
AHRQ-funded; HS021110.
Citation: Reynolds RJ, Vazquez AI, Srinivasasainagendra V .
Serum urate gene associations with incident gout, measured in the Framingham Heart Study, are modified by renal disease and not by body mass index.
Rheumatol Int 2016 Feb;36(2):263-70. doi: 10.1007/s00296-015-3364-4.
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Keywords: Centers for Education and Research on Therapeutics (CERTs), Evidence-Based Practice, Genetics, Risk, Obesity
Zamora-Kapoor A, Nelson L, Buchwald D
Maternal correlates of body mass index in American Indian/Alaska Native and white adolescents: differences between mother/son and mother/daughter pairs.
This study sough to determine the influence of maternal correlates on adolescent body mass index (BMI), and the extent to which the size and significance of these correlates vary by adolescent sex and race. Its findings suggest that maternal factors are critical in the transmission of obesogenic behaviors from one generation to the next, and their effects vary between mother/son and mother/daughter pairs, and are similar for AI/ANs and Whites.
AHRQ-funded; HS021686.
Citation: Zamora-Kapoor A, Nelson L, Buchwald D .
Maternal correlates of body mass index in American Indian/Alaska Native and white adolescents: differences between mother/son and mother/daughter pairs.
Eat Behav 2016 Jan;20:43-7. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.11.002..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Obesity, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Risk, Social Determinants of Health
Pu J, Zhao B, Wang EJ
Racial/ethnic differences in gestational diabetes prevalence and contribution of common risk factors.
This study aimed to assess racial/ethnic differences in relative contribution of risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among Asian subgroups (Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese), Hispanics, non-Hispanic blacks, and non-Hispanic whites. It found that GDM was most prevalent among Asian Indians (19.3 percent). Relative risks were similar across all race/ethnic groups.
AHRQ-funded; HS019815.
Citation: Pu J, Zhao B, Wang EJ .
Racial/ethnic differences in gestational diabetes prevalence and contribution of common risk factors.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2015 Sep;29(5):436-43. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12209.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Obesity, Pregnancy, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Risk, Women
Kurtz MP, McNamara ER, Schaeffer AJ
Association of BMI and pediatric urologic postoperative events: results from pediatric NSQIP.
The researchers sought to determine the association of elevated BMI with overall 30-day postoperative events and wound complications in a large national sample of children undergoing urologic procedures. They concluded that BMI in the pediatric National Surgical Quality Improvement Program urologic population was found to be associated with overall complication after adjustment for case type and preoperative comorbidity.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Kurtz MP, McNamara ER, Schaeffer AJ .
Association of BMI and pediatric urologic postoperative events: results from pediatric NSQIP.
J Pediatr Urol 2015 Aug;11(4):224.e1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2015.04.014..
Keywords: Surgery, Children/Adolescents, Obesity, Risk, Adverse Events
Fleisch AF, Rifas-Shiman SL, Koutrakis P
Prenatal exposure to traffic pollution: associations with reduced fetal growth and rapid infant weight gain.
The authors explored air pollution exposure implications for postnatal growth. They found that infants exposed to the highest quartile of neighborhood traffic density had lower fetal growth, more rapid 0- to 6-month weight-for-length gain, and higher odds of weight-for-length ≥95th percentile at 6 months. Neighborhood traffic density was additionally associated with an infant being in both the lowest quartile of fetal growth and the highest quartile of 0- to 6-month weight-for-length gain.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Fleisch AF, Rifas-Shiman SL, Koutrakis P .
Prenatal exposure to traffic pollution: associations with reduced fetal growth and rapid infant weight gain.
Epidemiology 2015 Jan;26(1):43-50. doi: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000203.
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Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Newborns/Infants, Obesity, Pregnancy, Risk