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Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Antibiotics (2)
- Children/Adolescents (1)
- Clinical Decision Support (CDS) (1)
- Community-Acquired Infections (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- (-) Diagnostic Safety and Quality (7)
- Elderly (1)
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- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 7 of 7 Research Studies DisplayedGupta A, Petty L, Gandhi T
Overdiagnosis of urinary tract infection linked to overdiagnosis of pneumonia: a multihospital cohort study.
This study’s goal was to determine if there is a correlation between overdiagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) and overdiagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in hospitals, resulting in unnecessary antibiotic use and diagnostic delays. The authors first determined the proportion of hospitalized patients treated for CAP or UTI at 46 hospitals in Michigan who were overdiagnosed according to national guideline definitions. Then they used Pearson's correlation coefficient to compare hospital proportions of overdiagnosis of CAP and UTI. They included 14,085 patients treated for CAP and 10,398 patients treated for UTI. There was a moderate correlation within hospitals of the proportion of patients overdiagnosed with UTI and those overdiagnosed with CAP.
AHRQ-funded; HS026530.
Citation: Gupta A, Petty L, Gandhi T .
Overdiagnosis of urinary tract infection linked to overdiagnosis of pneumonia: a multihospital cohort study.
BMJ Qual Saf 2022 May;31(5):383-86. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2021-013565..
Keywords: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Pneumonia, Community-Acquired Infections, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Joshi RP, Pejaver V, Hammarlund NE
A predictive tool for identification of SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negative emergency department patients using routine test results.
This retrospective case-control study investigated whether the use of a prediction tool based on complete blood count results and patient sex can better allocate testing for SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing in hospital emergency departments. Participants were emergency department patients who had concurrent complete blood counts and SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing in Northern California, Seattle, Washington, Chicago Illinois, and South Korea. A hypothetical scenario of 1000 patients requiring testing was developed, but in this scenario testing resources are limited to 60% of patients. This tool would allow a 33% increase in properly allocated resources.
AHRQ-funded; HS026385.
Citation: Joshi RP, Pejaver V, Hammarlund NE .
A predictive tool for identification of SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negative emergency department patients using routine test results.
J Clin Virol 2020 Aug;129:104502. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104502..
Keywords: Emergency Department, COVID-19, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Clinical Decision Support (CDS)
Higgins TL, Deshpande A, Zilberberg MD
Assessment of the accuracy of using ICD-9 diagnosis codes to identify pneumonia etiology in patients hospitalized with pneumonia.
Researchers assessed the validity of ICD-9 organism-specific administrative codes for pneumonia using microbiological data as the criterion standard, using data from 178 US hospitals in the Premier Healthcare Database. They found that, in this study, ICD-9 codes did not reliably capture pneumonia etiology identified by laboratory testing; because of the high specificities of ICD-9 codes, however, administrative data may be useful in identifying risk factors for resistant organisms. The low sensitivities of the diagnosis codes may limit the validity of organism-specific pneumonia prevalence estimates derived from administrative data.
AHRQ-funded; HS024277, HS025026.
Citation: Higgins TL, Deshpande A, Zilberberg MD .
Assessment of the accuracy of using ICD-9 diagnosis codes to identify pneumonia etiology in patients hospitalized with pneumonia.
JAMA Netw Open 2020 Jul;3(7):e207750. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.7750.
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Keywords: Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Brodsky MB, Suiter DM, Gonzalez-Fernandez M
Screening accuracy for aspiration using bedside water swallow tests: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This study evaluated screening accuracy of bedside water swallow tests used to identify patients at risk for dysphagia-associated aspiration, finding that currently-used tests offer sufficient screening.
AHRQ-funded; HS022331.
Citation: Brodsky MB, Suiter DM, Gonzalez-Fernandez M .
Screening accuracy for aspiration using bedside water swallow tests: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Chest 2016 Jul;150(1):148-63. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.03.059.
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Keywords: Respiratory Conditions, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Pneumonia
Zimmerman S, Cohen LW, Scales K
Pneumonia identification using nursing home records.
The researchers compared three established strategies for defining pneumonia using records from 1,119 residents across 16 nursing homes. They found that recorded diagnosis of pneumonia is a highly sensitive and pragmatic method to ascertain pneumonia in nursing homes, and is recommended for use in quality improvement and research.
AHRQ-funded; HS022298.
Citation: Zimmerman S, Cohen LW, Scales K .
Pneumonia identification using nursing home records.
Res Gerontol Nurs 2016 May 1;9(3):109-14. doi: 10.3928/19404921-20151218-01.
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Keywords: Antibiotics, Elderly, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Nursing Homes, Pneumonia
Kelly MS, Smieja M, Luinstra K
Association of respiratory viruses with outcomes of severe childhood pneumonia in Botswana.
The authors examined whether detection of respiratory viruses predicts acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. They found that respiratory viruses were detected from most children hospitalized with ALRI in Botswana, but only respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus were more frequent than among children without ALRI. Further, detection of RSV from children with ALRI predicted a protracted illness course but lower mortality compared with non-RSV viruses.
AHRQ-funded; HS020939.
Citation: Kelly MS, Smieja M, Luinstra K .
Association of respiratory viruses with outcomes of severe childhood pneumonia in Botswana.
PLoS One 2015 May 14;10(5):e0126593. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126593.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions
Linder JA
Sore throat: avoid overcomplicating the uncomplicated.
In this editorial, the author described issues involving sore throat diagnosis and delineated various points concerning an article within the same journal issue, concluding that physicians should remember that the prevalence of group A streptococcus in adults with a sore throat is approximately 10%; and that they should use the Centor scoring criteria; selectively use rapid antigen-detection testing; limit antibiotic treatment to patients most likely to have group A streptococcus; and most of the time when prescribing antibiotics, use penicillin.
AHRQ-funded; HS018419.
Citation: Linder JA .
Sore throat: avoid overcomplicating the uncomplicated.
Ann Intern Med 2015 Feb 17;162(4):311-2. doi: 10.7326/m14-2899.
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Keywords: Antibiotics, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Infectious Diseases, Medication, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions, Practice Patterns