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Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (2)
- Adverse Events (3)
- Behavioral Health (2)
- Brain Injury (1)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (5)
- Children/Adolescents (4)
- Critical Care (1)
- Dementia (3)
- Diabetes (1)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (2)
- Elderly (3)
- Evidence-Based Practice (1)
- Genetics (2)
- Health Literacy (1)
- Heart Disease and Health (2)
- Hospitalization (1)
- Hospital Readmissions (1)
- Infectious Diseases (1)
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (2)
- Medication (2)
- Medication: Safety (2)
- Mortality (1)
- (-) Neurological Disorders (17)
- Outcomes (2)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (2)
- Patient Safety (1)
- Quality of Life (1)
- (-) Risk (17)
- Skin Conditions (1)
- Sleep Problems (2)
- Social Determinants of Health (1)
- Surgery (1)
- Trauma (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 17 of 17 Research Studies DisplayedMiller AC, Koeneman SH, Arakkal AT
Incidence, duration, and risk factors associated with missed opportunities to diagnose herpes simplex encephalitis: a population-based longitudinal study.
This retrospective cohort study determined the frequency and duration of diagnostic delays for herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) that are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Data from the IBM Marketscan Databases from 2001-2017 was used. The authors estimated the number of visits with HSE-related symptoms before diagnosis that would be expected to occur in the absence of delays and compared this estimate to the observed pattern of visits. Then a simulation-based approach was used to compute the number of visits representing a delay. They identified 2667 patients diagnosed with HSE and estimated 45.9% of patients experienced at least 1 missed opportunity, with 21.9% of patients having delays lasting >7 days. Risk factors for delays included being seen only in the emergency department, age 65 or older, or a history of sinusitis or schizophrenia.
AHRQ-funded; HS027375.
Citation: Miller AC, Koeneman SH, Arakkal AT .
Incidence, duration, and risk factors associated with missed opportunities to diagnose herpes simplex encephalitis: a population-based longitudinal study.
Open Forum Infect Dis 2021 Sep;8(9):ofab400. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofab400..
Keywords: Infectious Diseases, Neurological Disorders, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Risk
Huda A, Castaño A, Niyogi A
A machine learning model for identifying patients at risk for wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy.
Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, an often-unrecognized cause of heart failure, is now treatable with a transthyretin stabilizer. It is therefore important to identify at-risk patients who can undergo targeted testing for earlier diagnosis and treatment, prior to the development of irreversible heart failure. In this study, the investigators showed that a random forest machine learning model could identify potential wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy using medical claims data.
AHRQ-funded; HS026385.
Citation: Huda A, Castaño A, Niyogi A .
A machine learning model for identifying patients at risk for wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy.
Nat Commun 2021 May 11;12(1):2725. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-22876-9..
Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Neurological Disorders, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Risk
Luther M, Poppert Cordts KM, Williams CN
Sleep disturbances after pediatric traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of prevalence, risk factors, and association with recovery.
This is a systematic review to quantify sleep wake disturbances (SWD) after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). These SWD can place children at risk for worse outcomes since sleep is needed for brain development and healing after injury. They also evaluated interventions for SWD and the association between SWD and other post-traumatic outcomes. Literature was searched from 1999-2019 evaluating sleep or fatigue in children hospitalized for TBI. Two independent reviewers assessed quality of the studies using the Newcastle-Ottowa Score for observational studies. Out of 966 identified articles, 126 full text articles were reviewed and 24 studies were included. Studies showed at least 20% of children with TBI had some degree of SWD including trouble falling or staying asleep, fatigue, daytime fatigue, and nightmares. SWD was negatively correlated with cognitive, behavioral, and quality of life outcomes. There was moderate-high risk of bias for all studies due to small sample size and lack of validated or objective SWD measures.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Luther M, Poppert Cordts KM, Williams CN .
Sleep disturbances after pediatric traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of prevalence, risk factors, and association with recovery.
Sleep 2020 Oct;43(10):zsaa083. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa083..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Sleep Problems, Brain Injury, Neurological Disorders, Trauma, Risk, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Quality of Life, Evidence-Based Practice
Hartman ME, Williams CN, Hall TA
Post-intensive-care syndrome for the pediatric neurologist.
The investigators are working to create awareness and help mitigate post-intensive-care syndrome in pediatric patients who had experienced primary neurological injury and also help their parents and siblings. In this paper they review current knowledge regarding post-intensive-care syndrome in pediatrics and its risk factors. They describe their experience establishing Pediatric Neurocritical Care Recovery Programs at two large academic centers. They also provide a battery of validated tests to identify and manage the different aspects of post-intensive-care syndrome in pediatrics.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Hartman ME, Williams CN, Hall TA .
Post-intensive-care syndrome for the pediatric neurologist.
Pediatr Neurol 2020 Jul;108:47-53. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.02.003..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Neurological Disorders, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Critical Care, Risk
Andrews PS, Wang S, Perkins AJ
Relationship between intensive care unit delirium severity and 2-year mortality and health care utilization.
Critical care patients with delirium are at an increased risk of functional decline and mortality long term. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between delirium severity in the intensive care unit and mortality and acute health care utilization within 2 years after hospital discharge. The investigators concluded that increased delirium severity and days of delirium or coma were associated with higher mortality risk 2 years after discharge.
AHRQ-funded; P30 HS024384.
Citation: Andrews PS, Wang S, Perkins AJ .
Relationship between intensive care unit delirium severity and 2-year mortality and health care utilization.
Am J Crit Care 2020 Jul 1;29(4):311-17. doi: 10.4037/ajcc2020498..
Keywords: Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Neurological Disorders, Mortality, Risk
Kole MJ, Shea P, Albrecht JS
Utility of the Hijdra sum score in predicting risk of aneurysm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a single-center experience with 550 patients.
This study’s objective was to generate a model to assist in predicting risk of aneurysm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A retrospective cohort study was conducted of all patients 18 years and older admitted to a single center from March 2008 to March 2018 with non-traumatic SAH (n = 550). Risk factors examined included female sex, higher modified Fisher or Hijdra score, nonperimesencephalic location, presence of intracerebral hemorrhage, World Federation of Neurological Societies (WFNS) score ≥3, need for cerebrospinal fluid diversion on admission, and history of tobacco use. Greater modified Fisher, greater Hijdra score, WFNS ≥3, and hydrocephalus present on admission presented a significantly greater risk of an aneurysm. The authors concluded a simple scoring tool based on patient sex, SAH location and SAH burden can assist in predicting the presence of an aneurysm in patients with nontraumatic SAH.
AHRQ-funded; HS024560.
Citation: Kole MJ, Shea P, Albrecht JS .
Utility of the Hijdra sum score in predicting risk of aneurysm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a single-center experience with 550 patients.
Neurosurgery 2020 Jun;86(6):783-91. doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyz346.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Neurological Disorders, Risk
Newman TB, Wu YW, Kuzniewicz MW
Childhood seizures after phototherapy.
A recent Danish study found an increased risk of childhood epilepsy only in boys after phototherapy; researchers investigated this association in a Kaiser Permanente Northern California cohort of infants born after at least 35 weeks' gestation in 1995-2011. The mean follow-up period was 8.1 years. Primary outcome was at least 1 encounter with a seizure diagnosis plus at least 1 prescription for an antiepileptic drug. Results indicated that boys were at higher risk of seizures overall, and had a higher adjusted hazard ratio for phototherapy than girls, although effect modification by sex was not statistically significant. The researchers conclude that infant phototherapy is associated with a small increased risk of childhood seizures, and the risk is more significant in boys.
AHRQ-funded; HS020618.
Citation: Newman TB, Wu YW, Kuzniewicz MW .
Childhood seizures after phototherapy.
Pediatrics 2018 Oct;142(4):pii: e20180648. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-0648..
Keywords: Adverse Events, Children/Adolescents, Neurological Disorders, Risk
Lee AK, Rawlings AM, Lee CJ
Severe hypoglycaemia, mild cognitive impairment, dementia and brain volumes in older adults with type 2 diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort study.
In this study, the investigators aimed to evaluate the link between severe hypoglycaemia and domain-specific cognitive decline, smaller brain volumes and dementia in adults with type 2 diabetes. The investigators concluded that their results demonstrated a strong link between severe hypoglycaemia and poor cognitive outcomes, suggesting a need for discussion of appropriate diabetes treatments for high-risk older adults.
AHRQ-funded; HS018542.
Citation: Lee AK, Rawlings AM, Lee CJ .
Severe hypoglycaemia, mild cognitive impairment, dementia and brain volumes in older adults with type 2 diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort study.
Diabetologia 2018 Sep;61(9):1956-65. doi: 10.1007/s00125-018-4668-1..
Keywords: Dementia, Diabetes, Elderly, Neurological Disorders, Risk
Parker WF, Georges RJ, Gao YN
Association between groundwater lithium and the diagnosis of bipolar disorder and dementia in the United States.
This study examined the association between groundwater lithium and the diagnoses of bipolar disorder and dementia in the United States, with adjustment for local health care resources and demographics. Data on groundwater lithium concentrations was collected by the US Geological Survey, and diagnoses were identified from inpatient hospital, long-term care, and other therapy claims files from several sources. The results of the study indicate that, in spite of the substantial variations in groundwater lithium exposure, no significant association between exposure and the risk of bipolar disorder or dementia after adjustment for county-level demographics and health care resource was found. The authors note that therapeutic lithium doses are orders of magnitude larger than groundwater lithium concentrations, which makes a true causal relationship between groundwater lithium and mental health dubious.
AHRQ-funded; HS000084.
Citation: Parker WF, Georges RJ, Gao YN .
Association between groundwater lithium and the diagnosis of bipolar disorder and dementia in the United States.
JAMA Psychiatry 2018 Jul;75(7):751-54. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1020..
Keywords: Dementia, Behavioral Health, Neurological Disorders, Risk
Trivedi LU, Alvarez CA, Mansi IA
Association of statin therapy with risk of epilepsy in 2 propensity score-matched cohorts.
The objective of this study was to examine the association between statin use and epilepsy risk in a general population and in a healthy population (individuals with no severe comorbidities). The study did not demonstrate a significant beneficial or deleterious effect of statin use on risk of being diagnosed with epilepsy. The authors assert that clinicians should not withhold statins, whenever indicated, in patients with epilepsy.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Trivedi LU, Alvarez CA, Mansi IA .
Association of statin therapy with risk of epilepsy in 2 propensity score-matched cohorts.
Ann Pharmacother 2018 Jun;52(6):546-53. doi: 10.1177/1060028018756650..
Keywords: Medication, Medication: Safety, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Cardiovascular Conditions, Neurological Disorders, Risk
Sterling MR, Safford MM, Goggins K
Numeracy, health literacy, cognition, and 30-day readmissions among patients with heart failure.
Numeracy, health literacy, and cognition are important for chronic disease management. Prior studies have found them to be associated with poorer selfcare and worse clinical outcomes, but limited data exists in the context of heart failure (HF), a condition that requires patients to monitor their weight, fluid intake, and dietary salt, especially in the post hospitalization period. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between numeracy, health literacy, and cognition with 30-day readmissions among patients hospitalized for acute decompensated HF (ADHF).
AHRQ-funded; HS000066.
Citation: Sterling MR, Safford MM, Goggins K .
Numeracy, health literacy, cognition, and 30-day readmissions among patients with heart failure.
J Hosp Med 2018 Mar;13(3):145-51. doi: 10.12788/jhm.2932..
Keywords: Health Literacy, Hospital Readmissions, Hospitalization, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Neurological Disorders, Risk
Hui KY, Fernandez-Hernandez H, Hu J
Functional variants in the LRRK2 gene confer shared effects on risk for Crohn's disease and Parkinson's disease.
Researchers studied the risk for Crohn’s disease (CD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) in a population of Ashkenazi Jews who have the LRRK2 gene. This gene provides a risk for both conditions, However, some alleles (like N2081D variant) conferred more risk for CD or protection from CD (N551K variant). These shared alleles may provide insight into disease mechanisms and treatments.
AHRQ-funded; HS021747.
Citation: Hui KY, Fernandez-Hernandez H, Hu J .
Functional variants in the LRRK2 gene confer shared effects on risk for Crohn's disease and Parkinson's disease.
Sci Transl Med 2018 Jan 10;10(423). doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aai7795..
Keywords: Genetics, Neurological Disorders, Risk
Jutkowitz E, MacLehose RF, Gaugler JE
Risk factors associated with cognitive, functional, and behavioral trajectories of newly diagnosed dementia patients.
This study examined the effect of sociodemographic and clinical risk factors on cognitive, functional, and behavioral declines in incident dementia patients. Age of onset, region of residence, and history of hypertension and psychiatric problems predicted behaviors at diagnosis. Cognition explained changes in behavior. Sociodemographic characteristics and clinical comorbidities predicted cognitive and functional changes. Only cognitive status explained behavioral decline.
AHRQ-funded; HS024165.
Citation: Jutkowitz E, MacLehose RF, Gaugler JE .
Risk factors associated with cognitive, functional, and behavioral trajectories of newly diagnosed dementia patients.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017 Feb;72(2):251-58. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glw079.
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Keywords: Dementia, Elderly, Behavioral Health, Neurological Disorders, Risk, Social Determinants of Health
Biermacka JM, Chung SJ, Amasu SM
Genome-wide gene-environment interaction analysis of pesticide exposure and risk of Parkinson's disease.
The researchers performed the first genome-wide gene-environment interaction analysis of pesticide exposure and risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). They concluded that although no significant interactions were identified, several of the genes with suggestive evidence of gene-environment interaction effects have biological plausibility for PD risk.
AHRQ-funded; HS024057.
Citation: Biermacka JM, Chung SJ, Amasu SM .
Genome-wide gene-environment interaction analysis of pesticide exposure and risk of Parkinson's disease.
Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016 Nov;32:25-30. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.08.002.
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Keywords: Genetics, Risk, Neurological Disorders
Kesselheim AS, Bykov K, Gagne JJ
Switching generic antiepileptic drug manufacturer not linked to seizures: a case-crossover study.
The researchers estimated the risk of seizure-related events associated with refilling antiepileptic drugs (AED) with generic AEDs and the effect of switching between different manufacturers of the same generic drug. They found that among patients on a generic AED, refilling the same AED was associated with an elevated risk of seizure-related event; however, there was no additional risk from switching during that refill to a different manufacturer.
AHRQ-funded; HS022193.
Citation: Kesselheim AS, Bykov K, Gagne JJ .
Switching generic antiepileptic drug manufacturer not linked to seizures: a case-crossover study.
Neurology 2016 Oct 25;87(17):1796-801. doi: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003259.
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Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Medication, Medication: Safety, Neurological Disorders, Patient Safety, Risk
Silverberg JI
Association between childhood eczema and headaches: an analysis of 19 US population-based studies.
The researchers sought to determine whether childhood eczema is associated with increased headaches and whether such association is related to fatigue or sleep disturbance. After analyzing national survey data from 401,002 children and adolescents, they found that eczema is associated with increased headaches in childhood, particularly in patients with severe disease accompanied by atopy, fatigue, and sleep disturbances.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Silverberg JI .
Association between childhood eczema and headaches: an analysis of 19 US population-based studies.
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016 Feb;137(2):492-99.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.07.020.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Neurological Disorders, Sleep Problems, Risk, Skin Conditions
Fink HA, Hemmy LS, MacDonald R
Intermediate- and long-term cognitive outcomes after cardiovascular procedures in older adults: a systematic review.
This study summarized evidence about cognitive outcomes in adults aged 65 years or older at least 3 months after coronary or carotid revascularization, cardiac valve procedures, or ablation for atrial fibrillation. It concluded that intermediate- and long-term cognitive impairment in older adults attributable to the studied cardiovascular procedures may be uncommon.
AHRQ-funded; 2902007100641.
Citation: Fink HA, Hemmy LS, MacDonald R .
Intermediate- and long-term cognitive outcomes after cardiovascular procedures in older adults: a systematic review.
Ann Intern Med 2015 Jul 21;163(2):107-17. doi: 10.7326/m14-2793..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Elderly, Neurological Disorders, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Risk, Surgery