National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
76 to 99 of 99 Research Studies DisplayedPevnick JM, Shane R, Schnipper JL
The problem with medication reconciliation.
The authors discussed medication reconciliation and the issue that benefits reaped by organizations focused on interventions have not generalized easily to other institutions. They specified that medication reconciliation interventions need to be carefully matched to organizational strengths, workflows, and goals based on institutional priorities, and that there are several broad recommendations that can be targeted to organizational leaders, clinicians and investigators.
AHRQ-funded; HS019598; HS023757.
Citation: Pevnick JM, Shane R, Schnipper JL .
The problem with medication reconciliation.
BMJ Qual Saf 2016 Sep;25(9):726-30. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004734.
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Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Medication, Patient Safety, Provider: Pharmacist
Trogdon JG, Shafer PR, Shah PD
Are state laws granting pharmacists authority to vaccinate associated with HPV vaccination rates among adolescents?
Researchers explored whether state laws allowing pharmacists to administer human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccinations to adolescents are associated with a higher likelihood of HPV vaccine uptake. They concluded that, as currently implemented, state laws allowing pharmacists to administer HPV vaccine to adolescents were not associated with uptake.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Trogdon JG, Shafer PR, Shah PD .
Are state laws granting pharmacists authority to vaccinate associated with HPV vaccination rates among adolescents?
Vaccine 2016 Aug 31;34(38):4514-19. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.07.056.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Infectious Diseases, Policy, Provider: Pharmacist, Vaccination
Augustine J, Warholak TL, Hines LE
Ability and use of comparative effectiveness research by P&T committee members and support staff: a 1-year follow-up.
The study’s objective was to provide a follow-up assessment of the use of comparative effectiveness research (CER) in the pharmacy and therapeutics (P&T) committee decision-making process, using information collected from participants 1 year after attending a live continuing education program. It concluded that health professionals attending a continuing education CER program reported higher use of CER materials compared with nonattendees.
AHRQ-funded; HS019220.
Citation: Augustine J, Warholak TL, Hines LE .
Ability and use of comparative effectiveness research by P&T committee members and support staff: a 1-year follow-up.
J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2016 Jun;22(6):618-25. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2016.22.6.618.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Provider: Health Personnel, Provider: Pharmacist
Snyder ME, Frail CK, Gernant SA
Fellowships in community pharmacy research: experiences of five schools and colleges of pharmacy.
The researchers described common facilitators, challenges, and lessons learned in 5 schools and colleges of pharmacy in establishing community pharmacy research fellowships. They found that common characteristics across the programs include length of training, prerequisites, graduate coursework, mentoring structure, and immersion into a pharmacist patient care practice. A common challenge has been recruitment, with many programs experiencing at least one year without filling the fellowship position.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Snyder ME, Frail CK, Gernant SA .
Fellowships in community pharmacy research: experiences of five schools and colleges of pharmacy.
J Am Pharm Assoc 2016 May-Jun;56(3):316-22. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2015.11.015.
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Keywords: Community-Based Practice, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Provider: Pharmacist
Kennelty KA, Witry MJ, Gehring M
A four-phase approach for systematically collecting data and measuring medication discrepancies when patients transition between health care settings.
This article proposes a four-phase approach for systematically collecting medication data and measuring medication discrepancies between a hospital and community pharmacies. Using this phase-based approach, the study team successfully identified and reported medication discrepancies between a hospital and community pharmacies at the patient, medication, and community pharmacy units of analyses.
AHRQ-funded; HS021984.
Citation: Kennelty KA, Witry MJ, Gehring M .
A four-phase approach for systematically collecting data and measuring medication discrepancies when patients transition between health care settings.
Res Social Adm Pharm 2016 Jul-Aug;12(4):548-58. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2015.09.001..
Keywords: Medication, Medication: Safety, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Patient Safety, Provider: Pharmacist
Kozak MA, Melton JR, Gernant SA
A needs assessment of unused and expired medication disposal practices: a study from the Medication Safety Research Network of Indiana.
The investigators sought to describe the extent of the unused and expired medication (UEM) issue in Indiana, identify patient beliefs about UEM, and determine any association between those beliefs and various personal and demographic characteristics. They concluded that there remains a need for more disposal locations for both non-controlled and controlled medication.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Kozak MA, Melton JR, Gernant SA .
A needs assessment of unused and expired medication disposal practices: a study from the Medication Safety Research Network of Indiana.
Res Social Adm Pharm 2016 Mar-Apr;12(2):336-40. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2015.05.013.
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Keywords: Medication: Safety, Medication, Patient Safety, Provider: Pharmacist, Practice-Based Research Network (PBRN)
Lee JL, Choudhry NK, Wu AW
Patient use of email, Facebook, and physician websites to communicate with physicians: a national online survey of retail pharmacy users.
The researchers explored patient behavior and interest in using the Internet to contact physicians. They surveyed CVS customers with at least one chronic condition in the household and found strong interest among patients in the use of email and Facebook to communicate with their physicians. They identified a gap between patient interest and what physicians may currently provide. They suggested the adoption of secure Web messaging systems as a possible solution that addresses both institutional concerns and patient demand.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Lee JL, Choudhry NK, Wu AW .
Patient use of email, Facebook, and physician websites to communicate with physicians: a national online survey of retail pharmacy users.
J Gen Intern Med 2016 Jan;31(1):45-51. doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3374-7.
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Keywords: Communication, Health Information Technology (HIT), Clinician-Patient Communication, Provider: Pharmacist, Web-Based
Patel P, Hemmeger H, Kozak MA
Community pharmacist participation in a practice-based research network: a report from the Medication Safety Research Network of Indiana (Rx-SafeNet).
The researchers described the experiences and opinions of pharmacists serving as site coordinators for the Medication Safety Research Network of Indiana (Rx-SafeNet). In general, Rx-SafeNet site coordinators appeared to experience increased confidence in research engagement after joining the network. While respondents identified a number of benefits associated with network participation, concerns about potential time constraints remained a key barrier to participation.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Patel P, Hemmeger H, Kozak MA .
Community pharmacist participation in a practice-based research network: a report from the Medication Safety Research Network of Indiana (Rx-SafeNet).
J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2015 Nov-Dec;55(6):649-55. doi: 10.1331/JAPhA.2015.14244.
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Keywords: Community-Based Practice, Medication: Safety, Practice-Based Research Network (PBRN), Provider: Pharmacist
Wiener ES, Mullins CD, Pincus KJ
A framework for pharmacist-assisted medication adherence in hard-to-reach patients.
This study aimed to create a model for use in patient-centered, pharmacist-led interactions to improve medication adherence. The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), a behavioral change framework, was adapted to known barriers of medication adherence. The study concluded that the newly developed framework provides a patient centered approach to facilitate and improve pharmacist-patient conversations regarding medication adherence.
AHRQ-funded; HS022135.
Citation: Wiener ES, Mullins CD, Pincus KJ .
A framework for pharmacist-assisted medication adherence in hard-to-reach patients.
Res Social Adm Pharm 2015 Sep-Oct;11(5):595-601. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2014.11.0.
Keywords: Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Access to Care, Provider: Pharmacist
Kennelty KA, Chewning B, Wise M
Barriers and facilitators of medication reconciliation processes for recently discharged patients from community pharmacists' perspectives.
The objectives of this study were to: 1) examine the barriers and facilitators community pharmacists face when reconciling medications for recently discharged patients; and 2) identify pharmacists’ preferred content and modes of information transfer regarding updated medication information for recently discharged patients. It found that major individual-level factors affecting the medication reconciliation process included: pharmacists’ perceived responsibility, relationships, patient perception of pharmacist, and patient characteristics.
AHRQ-funded; HS021984.
Citation: Kennelty KA, Chewning B, Wise M .
Barriers and facilitators of medication reconciliation processes for recently discharged patients from community pharmacists' perspectives.
Res Social Adm Pharm 2015 Jul-Aug;11(4):517-30. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2014.10.008..
Keywords: Hospital Discharge, Medication, Patient Safety, Provider: Pharmacist
Doucette WR, Pendergast JF, Zhang Y
Stimulating comprehensive medication reviews among Medicare Part D beneficiaries.
The authors assessed the impact of a patient engagement intervention utilizing the Medication User Self-Evaluation (MUSE) tool on the completion percentage of comprehensive medication reviews (CMRs) among Medicare Part D beneficiaries. They found that the estimated odds of having a CMR among those who received the MUSE intervention were 2 times that of their counterparts. They concluded that Part D plans could use the MUSE to engage targeted beneficiaries in using pharmacist-provided MTM services.
AHRQ-funded; HS018353.
Citation: Doucette WR, Pendergast JF, Zhang Y .
Stimulating comprehensive medication reviews among Medicare Part D beneficiaries.
Am J Manag Care 2015 Jun;21(6):e372-8.
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Keywords: Elderly, Medicare, Medication, Patient and Family Engagement, Provider: Pharmacist
Mehrotra A, Gidengil CA, Setodji CM
Antibiotic prescribing for respiratory infections at retail clinics, physician practices, and emergency departments.
The authors compared antibiotic prescribing among retail clinics, primary care practices, and emergency departments (EDs) for acute respiratory infections (ARIs): antibiotics-may-be-appropriate ARIs and antibiotics-never-appropriate ARIs. They found that, compared with primary care practices and EDs, there was no difference at retail clinics in overall ARI antibiotic prescribing, which was more diagnosis-appropriate.
AHRQ-funded; HS018419.
Citation: Mehrotra A, Gidengil CA, Setodji CM .
Antibiotic prescribing for respiratory infections at retail clinics, physician practices, and emergency departments.
Am J Manag Care 2015 Apr;21(4):294-302.
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Keywords: Antibiotics, Emergency Department, Provider: Pharmacist, Primary Care, Respiratory Conditions
Snyder ME, Earl TR, Gilchrist S
Collaborative drug therapy management: case studies of three community-based models of care.
The objectives of this study were to understand how collaborative drug therapy management (CDTM) practices were implemented in 3 community settings and to identify common and unique facilitators and barriers to implementing CDTM. The authors believe that the models described in this study could be used to strengthen clinical–community linkages through team-based care, particularly for chronic disease prevention and management.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Snyder ME, Earl TR, Gilchrist S .
Collaborative drug therapy management: case studies of three community-based models of care.
Prev Chronic Dis 2015 Mar 26;12:E39. doi: 10.5888/pcd12.140504..
Keywords: Care Management, Case Study, Community-Based Practice, Medication, Primary Care: Models of Care, Provider: Pharmacist
Huet AL, Frail CK, Lake LM
Impact of passive and active promotional strategies on patient acceptance of medication therapy management services.
The researchers assessed the impact of passive and active promotional strategies on patient acceptance of medication therapy management (MTM) services, and identified reasons for patient acceptance or refusal. No significant differences were identified among the four promotional methods or between active and passive methods in the analyses. Patients' most frequent reasons for accepting MTM services were potential cost savings and review of how the medications were working.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Huet AL, Frail CK, Lake LM .
Impact of passive and active promotional strategies on patient acceptance of medication therapy management services.
J Am Pharm Assoc 2015 Mar-Apr;55(2):178-81. doi: 10.1331/JAPhA.2015.14091.
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Keywords: Care Management, Community-Based Practice, Health Promotion, Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Provider: Pharmacist
Olenik NL, Gonzalvo JD, Snyder ME
Perceptions of Spanish-speaking clientele of patient care services in a community pharmacy.
This study aimed to identify perceptions of Spanish-speaking patients living in the U.S. with a focus on the care provided in community pharmacies, as well as to determine their satisfaction with community pharmacies. Based on 12 interviews, it found that primary themes included lack of insurance coupled with high medical care costs serving as a barrier for acquisition of health care and difficulty accessing timely and convenient primary care.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Olenik NL, Gonzalvo JD, Snyder ME .
Perceptions of Spanish-speaking clientele of patient care services in a community pharmacy.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Community-Based Practice, Provider: Pharmacist, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Wellman BR, Frail CK, Zillich AJ
Pharmacists' experiences with a telephonic medication therapy management program for home health care patients.
This qualitative study involved interviewing four pharmacists on their experiences with a telephone medication therapy management (MTM) program. Several themes emerged from the analysis, including: communication and relationships, coordinating care and patient self-management, logistics, professional fulfillment, service delivery and content, and training opportunities. The researchers concluded that their study provides possible strategies to overcome barriers and facilitate service provision for future telephonic MTM services.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Wellman BR, Frail CK, Zillich AJ .
Pharmacists' experiences with a telephonic medication therapy management program for home health care patients.
Consult Pharm 2015 Mar;30(3):163-74. doi: 10.4140/TCP.n.2015.163..
Keywords: Home Healthcare, Medication, Provider: Pharmacist, Patient Self-Management
Snyder ME, Pater KS, Frail CK
Utility of a brief screening tool for medication-related problems.
The objective of this study was to estimate the psychometric properties of a brief self-administered scale as a screening tool for medication-related problems (MRPs). Its findings suggest scores on the nine-item scale are a statistically significant, although fairly modest, predictor of MRPs when controlling for other significant predictors of problems.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Snyder ME, Pater KS, Frail CK .
Utility of a brief screening tool for medication-related problems.
Res Social Adm Pharm 2015 Mar-Apr;11(2):253-64. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2014.08.005..
Keywords: Care Management, Community-Based Practice, Medication, Provider: Pharmacist, Screening
Viswanathan M, Kahwati LC, Golin CE
Medication therapy management interventions in outpatient settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Medication therapy management (MTM) services (also called clinical pharmacy services) aim to reduce medication-related problems and their downstream outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of MTM interventions among outpatients with chronic illnesses. The investigators graded the evidence as insufficient for most outcomes because of inconsistency and imprecision that stemmed in part from underlying heterogeneity in populations and interventions.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200008I.
Citation: Viswanathan M, Kahwati LC, Golin CE .
Medication therapy management interventions in outpatient settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
JAMA Intern Med 2015 Jan;175(1):76-87. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.5841..
Keywords: Medication, Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Chronic Conditions, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Provider: Pharmacist, Provider
Kozak MA, Gernant SA, Hemmeger HM
Lessons learned in the growth and maturation stages of a community pharmacy practice-based research network: experiences of the Medication Safety Research Network of Indiana (Rx-SafeNet).
In 2012, the authors reported on their early experiences developing the Medication Safety Research Network of Indiana (Rx-SafeNet) after establishing the Network in 2010. In this article, they report on lessons learned over the past 3 years.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Kozak MA, Gernant SA, Hemmeger HM .
Lessons learned in the growth and maturation stages of a community pharmacy practice-based research network: experiences of the Medication Safety Research Network of Indiana (Rx-SafeNet).
Innov Pharm 2015;6(2).
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Keywords: Community-Based Practice, Medication: Safety, Medication, Provider: Pharmacist, Practice-Based Research Network (PBRN)
Qato DM, Daviglus ML, Wilder J
'Pharmacy deserts' are prevalent in Chicago's predominantly minority communities, raising medication access concerns.
The authors examined whether trends in the availability of pharmacies varied across communities in Chicago with different racial or ethnic compositions and whether "pharmacy deserts," or low-access neighborhoods, were more common in segregated black and Hispanic communities than elsewhere. They found that in 2012 there were disproportionately more pharmacy deserts in segregated black communities, as well as in low-income communities and federally designated Medically Underserved Areas. These findings suggest that public policies aimed at improving access to prescription medications may need to address factors beyond insurance coverage and medication affordability.
AHRQ-funded; HS021093.
Citation: Qato DM, Daviglus ML, Wilder J .
'Pharmacy deserts' are prevalent in Chicago's predominantly minority communities, raising medication access concerns.
Health Aff 2014 Nov;33(11):1958-65. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2013.1397.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Medication, Provider: Pharmacist, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Urban Health
Werth SR, Sachdeva N, Roberts AW
North Carolina Medicaid recipient management lock-in program: the pharmacist's perspective.
The objectives of this study were (a) evaluate pharmacists’ perceptions of the implementation of the North Carolina (NC) recipient management lock-in program (MLIP) and (b) determine how the beliefs and attitudes of pharmacists could promote or inhibit its success. It concluded that, although possible improvements were identified, the NC MLIP has strong potential for success as it utilizes pharmacists’ medication gate-keeping role, while minimizing the effort required for successful implementation.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Werth SR, Sachdeva N, Roberts AW .
North Carolina Medicaid recipient management lock-in program: the pharmacist's perspective.
J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2014 Nov;20(11):1122-9..
Keywords: Medicaid, Medication, Opioids, Provider: Pharmacist, Substance Abuse
Snyder ME, Frail CK, Jaynes H
Predictors of medication-related problems among Medicaid patients participating in a pharmacist-provided telephonic medication therapy management program.
The objective of this study was to identify predictors of medication-related problems (MRPs) among Medicaid patients participating in a telephonic medication therapy management (MTM) program. The analysis of study results supports the relative importance of number of medications as a predictor of MRPs in the Medicaid population and identifies other predictors.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Snyder ME, Frail CK, Jaynes H .
Predictors of medication-related problems among Medicaid patients participating in a pharmacist-provided telephonic medication therapy management program.
Pharmacotherapy 2014 Oct;34(10):1022-32. doi: 10.1002/phar.1462..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Care Management, Community-Based Practice, Medicaid, Medication, Provider: Pharmacist
Ness GL, Sheehan AH, Snyder ME
Graduating student pharmacists' perspectives on e-professionalism and social media: qualitative findings.
The researchers conducted a cross-sectional survey of 212 graduating student pharmacists to characterize their views of professionalism on popular social media sites. The themes identified in the analysis were separation of personal and professional lives, how accountability for actions should vary by severity, and the extent of representation of the students’ character on social media.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Ness GL, Sheehan AH, Snyder ME .
Graduating student pharmacists' perspectives on e-professionalism and social media: qualitative findings.
J Am Pharm Assoc 2014 Mar-Apr;54(2):138-43. doi: 10.1331/JAPhA.2014.13188..
Keywords: Education: Academic, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Provider: Pharmacist, Social Media
Baur C, Brach C
AHRQ Author: Brach C
Pharmacy research on health literacy can contribute to national goals and health care system improvements.
Three key points about health literacy underscore the articles in this special issue: 1. Effective health communication utilizes both the spoken and written word; 2. A number of health literacy tools can help pharmacists implement health literacy practices; 3. Readability assessments can be a step on a path toward more productive provider–patient communication.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Baur C, Brach C .
Pharmacy research on health literacy can contribute to national goals and health care system improvements.
Res Social Adm Pharm 2013 Sep-Oct;9(5):498-502. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2013.06.012.
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Keywords: Healthcare Delivery, Communication, Health Literacy, Provider: Pharmacist