National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (1)
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- (-) Screening (60)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 60 Research Studies DisplayedFeltner C, Wallace IF, Nowell SW
Screening for speech and language delay and disorders in children 5 years or younger: evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
This evidence report and systematic review reviewed the evidence on screening for speech and language delay or disorders in children 5 years or younger to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. This literature review looked at English-language studies of screening test accuracy, trials or cohort studies comparing screening vs no screening; randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of interventions. Main outcomes and measures were screening test accuracy, speech and language outcomes, school performance, function, quality of life, and harms. A total of 38 studies in 41 articles were included (N = 9006). There were 21 studies (n = 7489) that assessed the accuracy of 23 different screening tools that varied with regard to whether they were designed to be completed by parents vs trained examiners, and to screen for global (any) language problems vs specific skills (e.g., expressive language). Three studies assessing parent-reported tools for expressive language skills had consistently high sensitivity (range, 88%-93%) and specificity (range, 88%-85%). Other screening tools had widely varying accuracy. Seventeen RCTs (n = 1517) evaluated interventions for speech and language delay or disorders. There were no RCTs included on the harms of interventions.
AHRQ-funded; 75Q80120D00006.
Citation: Feltner C, Wallace IF, Nowell SW .
Screening for speech and language delay and disorders in children 5 years or younger: evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2024 Jan 23; 331(4):335-51. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.24647..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Children/Adolescents, Screening, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice
Peaker B, Dooley C B, Peaker B, Dooley C C
AHRQ Author: Peaker B
Screening for syphilis in nonpregnant adolescents and adults.
This case study described a 42-year-old male presenting at the clinic with low back pain that had been radiating down his right leg for one week. Case study questions related to the USPSTF recommendation on Screening for Syphilis in Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults addressed why this patient was at increased risk, whether screening should take place, and why the USPSTF does not recommend screening for all people.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Peaker B, Dooley C B, Peaker B, Dooley C C .
Screening for syphilis in nonpregnant adolescents and adults.
Am Fam Physician 2024 Jan; 109(1):79-80..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Screening, Evidence-Based Practice, Sexual Health, Children/Adolescents
Balbin CA, Kawamoto K
The SIMPLE architectural pattern for integrating patient-facing apps into clinical workflows: desiderata and application for lung cancer screening.
To address the need for electronic health record (EHR) systems to accept the connection of any patient-facing digital health app using the SMART on FHIR standard, the authors proposed the Standards-based Implementation Maximizing Portability Leveraging the EHR (SIMPLE). SIMPLE’s architectural pattern was designed to meet several key requirements, such as not requiring patients to install new software; not retaining patient data outside of the EHR; leveraging existing personal health record (PHR) capabilities to optimize user experience; and maximizing portability.
AHRQ-funded; HS028791.
Citation: Balbin CA, Kawamoto K .
The SIMPLE architectural pattern for integrating patient-facing apps into clinical workflows: desiderata and application for lung cancer screening.
AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2024 Jan 11; 2023:844-53..
Keywords: Workflow, Health Information Technology (HIT), Cancer: Lung Cancer, Cancer, Screening
Levy DE, Munshi VN, Ashburner JM
Health IT-assisted population-based preventive cancer screening: a cost analysis.
The researchers analyzed costs from a randomized trial of 2 health IT strategies to improve cancer screening compared with usual care from the perspective of a primary care network. They found that over the course of the study year, the value of reduced physician time devoted to preventive cancer screening outweighed the costs of the interventions.
AHRQ-funded; HS020308; HS018161.
Citation: Levy DE, Munshi VN, Ashburner JM .
Health IT-assisted population-based preventive cancer screening: a cost analysis.
Am J Manag Care 2015 Dec;21(12):885-91..
Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Cancer, Screening, Prevention, Healthcare Costs
Fan T, Feaginsfletcher H
AHRQ Author: Fan T
Screening for iron deficiency anemia in young children.
This case study involves a 32-year-old white woman, presenting to your office with her nine-month-old son for a routine well-child visit. It poses three multiple choice questions together with the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations and related background information.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Fan T, Feaginsfletcher H .
Screening for iron deficiency anemia in young children.
Am Fam Physician 2015 Dec 15;92(12):1103-4.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Screening, Case Study, Children/Adolescents, Prevention
Amarnath AL, Franks P, Robbins JA
Underuse and overuse of osteoporosis screening in a regional health system: a retrospective cohort study.
The researchers aimed to determine the extent to which dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) screening is used in accordance with USPSTF recommendations within a regional health system. They concluded that DXA screening was underused in women at increased fracture risk, including women age 65 and over. Meanwhile, DXA screening was common among women at low fracture risk, such as younger women without osteoporosis risk factors.
AHRQ-funded; HS022236.
Citation: Amarnath AL, Franks P, Robbins JA .
Underuse and overuse of osteoporosis screening in a regional health system: a retrospective cohort study.
J Gen Intern Med 2015 Dec;30(12):1733-40. doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3349-8.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Screening, Osteoporosis, Healthcare Utilization, Risk
Lee KC, Payne CB
AHRQ Author: Lee KC
Screening for speech and language delay and disorders in children five years and younger.
This case study involves a two-year-old girl presenting for a well-child visit. The three multiple choice questions concern risk factors and interventions for children with language delays and disorders.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Lee KC, Payne CB .
Screening for speech and language delay and disorders in children five years and younger.
Am Fam Physician 2015 Nov 15;92(10):923-4.
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Keywords: Case Study, Children/Adolescents, Evidence-Based Practice, Screening, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
Sutkowi-Hemstreet A, Vu M, Harris R
Adult patients' perspectives on the benefits and harms of overused screening tests: a qualitative study.
This study determined how patients think about the harms and benefits of overused screening tests and how they consider these and other factors when making decisions. It found that many patients could not name a harm of screening. When they did name harms, patients often focused on only the harms of the screening test itself and rarely mentioned harms further along the screening cascade.
AHRQ-funded; HS021133.
Citation: Sutkowi-Hemstreet A, Vu M, Harris R .
Adult patients' perspectives on the benefits and harms of overused screening tests: a qualitative study.
J Gen Intern Med 2015 Nov;30(11):1618-26. doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3283-9.
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Keywords: Prevention, Screening, Patient Experience, Elderly, Education: Patient and Caregiver
Pfoh E, Mojtabai R, Bailey J
Impact of Medicare annual wellness visits on uptake of depression screening.
This study assessed whether patients with an initial annual wellness visit (AWV) were more likely to be screened for depression than those with a primary care visit. Fifteen percent of patients with non-AWVs and 10 percent of patients with AWVs received depression screening. After accounting for clustering, there was no statistically significant difference in depression screening by visit type.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Pfoh E, Mojtabai R, Bailey J .
Impact of Medicare annual wellness visits on uptake of depression screening.
Psychiatr Serv 2015 Nov;66(11):1207-12. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201400524.
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Keywords: Depression, Screening, Medicare, Elderly, Primary Care
Baker DW, Brown T, Goldman SN
Two-year follow-up of the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention to improve adherence to annual colorectal cancer screening in community health centers.
After an earlier outreach intervention achieved 82 percent annual adherence to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), this study assessed adherence to FOBT after a second outreach. It found that a total of 88.7 percent of patients completed a fecal immunochemical test within 6 months of their second outreach.
AHRQ-funded; HS021141.
Citation: Baker DW, Brown T, Goldman SN .
Two-year follow-up of the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention to improve adherence to annual colorectal cancer screening in community health centers.
Cancer Causes Control 2015 Nov;26(11):1685-90. doi: 10.1007/s10552-015-0650-0..
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Prevention, Screening
Croswell J, Ballard T
AHRQ Author: Croswell J
Screening for thyroid dysfunction.
A 40-year-old woman presents for a routine well-woman examination. She is not pregnant, is in good health, reports no symptoms, and her physical examination is unremarkable. The question is: should she be screened for thyroid dysfunction? This case study quiz is based on the recommendations of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF).
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Croswell J, Ballard T .
Screening for thyroid dysfunction.
Am Fam Physician 2015 Oct 15;92(8):717-8..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Screening, Prevention, Case Study
Highfield L, Rajan SS, Valerio MA
A non-randomized controlled stepped wedge trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-level mammography intervention in improving appointment adherence in underserved women.
This study evaluated a theoretically based, systematically designed implementation strategy to support adoption and implementation of a patient navigation-based intervention, called Peace of Mind Program (PMP), aimed at improving breast cancer screening among underserved women.. Any potential confounding or bias will be controlled in the analysis. Outcomes such as appointment adherence, patient referral to diagnostics, time to diagnostic referral, patient referral to treatment, time to treatment referral, and budget impact of the intervention will be assessed.
AHRQ-funded; HS023255.
Citation: Highfield L, Rajan SS, Valerio MA .
A non-randomized controlled stepped wedge trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-level mammography intervention in improving appointment adherence in underserved women.
Implement Sci 2015 Oct 14;10:143. doi: 10.1186/s13012-015-0334-x.
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Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Screening, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Women, Vulnerable Populations, Prevention, Imaging
Mortel M, Rauscher GH, Murphy AM
Racial and ethnic disparity in symptomatic breast cancer awareness despite a recent screen: the role of tumor biology and mammography facility characteristics.
In a racially and ethnically diverse sample of recently diagnosed urban patients with breast cancer, the researchers examined associations of patient, tumor biology, and mammography facility characteristics on the probability of symptomatic discovery of their breast cancer despite a recent prior screening mammogram. They concluded that facility resources and tumor aggressiveness explain much of the racial/ethnic disparity in symptomatic breast cancer among recently screened patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS018366.
Citation: Mortel M, Rauscher GH, Murphy AM .
Racial and ethnic disparity in symptomatic breast cancer awareness despite a recent screen: the role of tumor biology and mammography facility characteristics.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015 Oct;24(10):1599-606. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0305.
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Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Disparities, Women, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Screening, Prevention
Cantor SB, Deshmukh AA, Krahn MD
Use of forecasted assessment of quality of life to validate time-trade-off utilities and a prostate cancer screening decision-analytic model.
The researchers sought to determine whether the forecasted assessment of how someone would feel in a future health state can be predictive of utilities (e.g. as elicited by the time-trade-off method) and also predictive of optimal decisions as determined by a decision-analytic model. They concluded that anticipated difficulty adjusting to adverse health effects were highly related to preferences and could be used as a proxy measure of utility.
AHRQ-funded; HS08992.
Citation: Cantor SB, Deshmukh AA, Krahn MD .
Use of forecasted assessment of quality of life to validate time-trade-off utilities and a prostate cancer screening decision-analytic model.
Health Expect 2015 Oct;18(5):1610-20. doi: 10.1111/hex.12150.
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Keywords: Decision Making, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Elderly, Quality of Life, Screening
Mussa FF
Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Consensus exists across guidelines on one-time screening of elderly men to detect and treat abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) larger than 5.5 cm. However, the recommendations regarding other age groups, imaging intervals for small AAAs, inclusion of women, and cost-effectiveness have not been universally adopted. As many countries are considering the initiation of an AAA screening program, this is an overview on the current status of such programs.
AHRQ-funded; HS019473.
Citation: Mussa FF .
Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm.
J Vasc Surg 2015 Sep;62(3):774-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.05.035..
Keywords: Screening, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines
Rivera-Hernandez M, Galarraga O
Type of insurance and use of preventive health services among older adults in Mexico.
The main purpose of this study was to assess the differences between Seguro Popular (SP) and employer-based health insurance in the use of preventive services,. It found that SP enrollees were more likely to use screening tests for diabetes, cholesterol, hypertension, and cervical cancer than the uninsured; however, those in employment-based and private insurances had higher odds of using preventive care for most services.
AHRQ-funded; HS0000011.
Citation: Rivera-Hernandez M, Galarraga O .
Type of insurance and use of preventive health services among older adults in Mexico.
J Aging Health 2015 Sep;27(6):962-82. doi: 10.1177/0898264315569457..
Keywords: Health Insurance, Health Insurance, Prevention, Screening
Mabry-Hernandez I, Lewis P
AHRQ Author: Mabry-Hernandez I
Screening for hepatitis B virus infection in nonpregnant adolescents and adults.
This paper presents a case study and quiz regarding a 35-year-old man whose parents were born in southeast Asia. Although he was born in the United States, he. does not have any vaccination records from his childhood. During an office visit, he mentions that a relative was recently diagnosed with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and asks whether he should be screened. Correct answers are based on the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mabry-Hernandez I, Lewis P .
Screening for hepatitis B virus infection in nonpregnant adolescents and adults.
Am Fam Physician 2015 Aug 15;92(4):301-2..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Screening, Hepatitis, Prevention
Thiel DB, Platt J, Platt T
Testing an online, dynamic consent portal for large population biobank research.
Michigan's BioTrust for Health contains over 4 million samples collected without written consent. Participant-centric initiatives are IT tools that hold great promise to address the consent challenges in biobank research. The authors created and pilot tested a dynamic informed consent simulation focusing on consent for research. Pilot testers raised concerns about the process of identity verification and appeared to have little experience with sharing health information online. The authors recommended applying online, dynamic approaches to address the consent challenges raised by biobanks with legacy sample collections.
AHRQ-funded; HS000053.
Citation: Thiel DB, Platt J, Platt T .
Testing an online, dynamic consent portal for large population biobank research.
Public Health Genomics 2015;18(1):26-39. doi: 10.1159/000366128.
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Keywords: Data, Newborns/Infants, Research Methodologies, Screening
Wang D, Le XH, Luque AE
Identifying effective approaches for dissemination of clinical evidence--correlation analyses on promotional activities and usage of a guideline-driven interactive case simulation tool in a statewide HIV-HCV-STD clinical education program.
The investigators analyzed correlations between promotional activities and usage of a guideline-driven interactive case simulation tool (ICST) for insomnia screening and treatment in a statewide HIV-HCV-STD clinical education program. They found that promotional activities were strongly correlated with the number of audience as well as the intensity of use of the target resource, with strong correlations identified between the sending of email newsletters and the intensity of resource use by promotion recipients, by new users, and through the most convenient access channel associated with the promotion.
AHRQ-funded; HS022057.
Citation: Wang D, Le XH, Luque AE .
Identifying effective approaches for dissemination of clinical evidence--correlation analyses on promotional activities and usage of a guideline-driven interactive case simulation tool in a statewide HIV-HCV-STD clinical education program.
Stud Health Technol Inform 2015;216:515-9.
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Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Education: Continuing Medical Education, Simulation, Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice, Health Promotion, Screening, Sleep Problems, Training
Goldman SN, Liss DT, Brown T
Comparative effectiveness of multifaceted outreach to initiate colorectal cancer screening in community health centers: a randomized controlled trial.
The researchers sought to determine whether outreach increases fecal immune-chemical test (FIT) uptake among patients with no CRC screening history compared to usual care. They found that patients who received outreach were more likely to complete FIT than those in usual care (36.7 percent vs. 14.8 percent).
AHRQ-funded; HS021141.
Citation: Goldman SN, Liss DT, Brown T .
Comparative effectiveness of multifaceted outreach to initiate colorectal cancer screening in community health centers: a randomized controlled trial.
J Gen Intern Med 2015 Aug;30(8):1178-84. doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3234-5..
Keywords: Community-Based Practice, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention, Screening
Williams EC, Achtmeyer CE, Thomas RM
Factors underlying quality problems with alcohol screening prompted by a clinical reminder in primary care: a multi-site qualitative study.
The researchers aimed to understand factors that might contribute to low sensitivity of alcohol screening. Their qualitative study in nine clinics found that implementation of alcohol screening facilitated by a clinical reminder resulted primarily in verbal screening in which questions were not asked verbatim and were otherwise adapted.
AHRQ-funded; HS022800; HS013853.
Citation: Williams EC, Achtmeyer CE, Thomas RM .
Factors underlying quality problems with alcohol screening prompted by a clinical reminder in primary care: a multi-site qualitative study.
J Gen Intern Med 2015 Aug;30(8):1125-32. doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3248-z..
Keywords: Alcohol Use, Screening, Primary Care, Health Information Technology (HIT)
Brenner AT, Ko LK, Janz N
Race/ethnicity and primary language: health beliefs about colorectal cancer screening in a diverse, low-income population.
The purpose of this paper was to explore whether health belief model (HBM) constructs pertaining to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening differ by race/ethnicity and primary language. Understanding how different populations think about CRC screening may be critical in promoting screening in diverse populations.
AHRQ-funded; HS013853.
Citation: Brenner AT, Ko LK, Janz N .
Race/ethnicity and primary language: health beliefs about colorectal cancer screening in a diverse, low-income population.
J Health Care Poor Underserved 2015 Aug;26(3):824-38. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2015.0075.
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Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cultural Competence, Low-Income, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Screening
Wallace IF, Berkman ND, Watson LR
Screening for speech and language delay in children 5 years old and younger: a systematic review.
This review aimed to update the evidence on screening and treating children for speech and language delay since the 2006 US Preventive Services Task Force systematic review. It concluded that several screening tools can accurately identify children for diagnostic evaluations and interventions, but evidence is inadequate regarding applicability in primary care settings.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200015ITO2.
Citation: Wallace IF, Berkman ND, Watson LR .
Screening for speech and language delay in children 5 years old and younger: a systematic review.
Pediatrics 2015 Aug;136(2):e448-62. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-3889..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Children/Adolescents, Screening
Fan T, Rossi C
AHRQ Author: Fan T
Screening for cognitive impairment in older adults.
This case study describes a 72-year-old white man comes the physician’s office for a preventive visit. He does not have any symptoms of dementia but asks whether he should be screened. Based on the recommendations of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, the authors ask (and answer) three questions concerning approaches to screening for cognitive impairment, risk factors for cognitive impairment or dementia in older adults, and the epidemiology of cognitive impairment in the United States.
AHRQ-authored
Citation: Fan T, Rossi C .
Screening for cognitive impairment in older adults.
Am Fam Physician 2015 Jul 15;92(2):125-6..
Keywords: Case Study, Elderly, Neurological Disorders, Screening, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
Berkowitz SA, Percac-Lima S, Ashburner JM
Building equity improvement into quality improvement: reducing socioeconomic disparities in colorectal cancer screening as part of population health management.
The aim of this study was to determine if implementation of a system-wide screening intervention could reduce disparities in the setting of improved overall screening rates. It found that a multifaceted population management intervention sensitive to the needs of vulnerable patients modestly narrowed disparities in colorectal cancer screening, while also increasing overall screening rates.
AHRQ-funded; HS018161.
Citation: Berkowitz SA, Percac-Lima S, Ashburner JM .
Building equity improvement into quality improvement: reducing socioeconomic disparities in colorectal cancer screening as part of population health management.
J Gen Intern Med 2015 Jul;30(7):942-9. doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3227-4..
Keywords: Disparities, Screening, Social Determinants of Health, Colonoscopy