National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- (-) Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (57)
- Adverse Events (13)
- Ambulatory Care and Surgery (1)
- Antibiotics (1)
- Antimicrobial Stewardship (1)
- Blood Thinners (2)
- Cancer (1)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (1)
- Caregiving (1)
- Care Management (2)
- Children/Adolescents (8)
- Clinical Decision Support (CDS) (4)
- Communication (1)
- Community-Based Practice (1)
- Data (1)
- Decision Making (1)
- Diabetes (5)
- Dialysis (1)
- Disabilities (1)
- Disparities (1)
- Elderly (6)
- Electronic Health Records (EHRs) (8)
- Electronic Prescribing (E-Prescribing) (1)
- Emergency Department (1)
- Emergency Medical Services (EMS) (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (1)
- Guidelines (2)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (1)
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) (1)
- Healthcare Costs (3)
- Healthcare Delivery (1)
- Health Information Technology (HIT) (11)
- Health Literacy (1)
- Health Systems (1)
- Heart Disease and Health (4)
- Hepatitis (1)
- Hospitalization (1)
- Hospitals (1)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (1)
- Injuries and Wounds (2)
- Kidney Disease and Health (2)
- Maternal Care (1)
- Medicaid (1)
- Medical Errors (10)
- Medicare (1)
- Medication (47)
- Medication: Safety (13)
- Mortality (2)
- Neurological Disorders (1)
- Newborns/Infants (1)
- Nursing Homes (2)
- Opioids (4)
- Orthopedics (1)
- Patient-Centered Healthcare (1)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (3)
- Patient Adherence/Compliance (1)
- Patient Safety (25)
- Practice Patterns (1)
- Pregnancy (1)
- Prevention (4)
- Provider: Pharmacist (3)
- Quality Improvement (2)
- Respiratory Conditions (1)
- Risk (6)
- Skin Conditions (1)
- Substance Abuse (2)
- Surgery (3)
- Vulnerable Populations (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 57 Research Studies DisplayedCox ED, Hansen K, Rajamanickam VP
Are parents who feel the need to watch over their children's care better patient safety partners?
In this study, the investigators assessed whether needing to watch over care predicted parent performance of recommended safety behaviors to reduce medication errors and health care-associated infections. The researchers concluded that parents who reported the need to watch over care were more likely to perform behaviors specific to safe medication use (but not hand hygiene) compared with those not reporting this need.
AHRQ-funded; HS018680.
Citation: Cox ED, Hansen K, Rajamanickam VP .
Are parents who feel the need to watch over their children's care better patient safety partners?
Hosp Pediatr 2017 Dec;7(12):716-22. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2017-0036..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Caregiving, Children/Adolescents, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Medical Errors, Medication, Patient Safety
Fan Y, Adam TJ, McEwan R
Detecting signals of interactions between warfarin and dietary supplements in electronic health records.
This study detected signals of interactions between warfarin and seven dietary supplements, viz., alfalfa, garlic, ginger, ginkgo, ginseng, St. John's Wort, and Vitamin E by analyzing structured clinical data and unstructured clinical notes from the University of Minnesota Clinical Data Repository. There was a statistically significant association of warfarin concurrently used with supplements which can potentially increase the risk of adverse events, such as gastrointestinal bleeding.
AHRQ-funded; HS022085.
Citation: Fan Y, Adam TJ, McEwan R .
Detecting signals of interactions between warfarin and dietary supplements in electronic health records.
Stud Health Technol Inform 2017;245:370-74.
.
.
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Blood Thinners, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Medication, Health Information Technology (HIT)
George MD, Baker JF, Hsu JY
Perioperative timing of infliximab and the risk of serious infection after elective hip and knee arthroplasty.
The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the association between infliximab timing and serious infection after elective hip or knee arthroplasty. The investigators concluded that administering infliximab within 4 weeks of elective knee or hip arthroplasty was not associated with a higher risk of short- or long-term serious infection compared to withholding infliximab for longer time periods. They also concluded that glucocorticoid use, especially >10 mg/day, was associated with an increased infection risk.
AHRQ-funded; HS018517.
Citation: George MD, Baker JF, Hsu JY .
Perioperative timing of infliximab and the risk of serious infection after elective hip and knee arthroplasty.
.
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Medication, Medication: Safety, Orthopedics, Patient Safety, Surgery
van den Bogert CA, Miller MJ, Cobaugh DJ
Screening questions for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug risk knowledge.
The aim of this study was to evaluate screening questions for estimating nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) risk knowledge. It concluded that screening questions for subjective NSAID risk awareness and health literacy are predictive of objectively tested NSAID knowledge and can be used to triage patients as well as subsequently initiate and direct a conversation about NSAID risk.
AHRQ-funded; HS016956.
Citation: van den Bogert CA, Miller MJ, Cobaugh DJ .
Screening questions for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug risk knowledge.
J Patient Saf 2017 Dec;13(4):217-22. doi: 10.1097/pts.0000000000000143.
.
.
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Health Literacy, Medication, Risk
Zhou M, Wang SV, Leonard CE
Sentinel modular program for propensity score-matched cohort analyses: application to glyburide, glipizide, and serious hypoglycemia.
Sentinel is a program sponsored by the US Food and Drug Administration to monitor the safety of medical products. This cohort assessment was conducted to evaluate the ability of the Sentinel Propensity Score Matching Tool to reproduce, in an expedited fashion, the known association between glyburide (vs. glipizide) and serious hypoglycemia. The study’s findings were consistent with the literature, and demonstrated the ability of the tool to reproduce this known association in an expedited.
AHRQ-funded; HS022193.
Citation: Zhou M, Wang SV, Leonard CE .
Sentinel modular program for propensity score-matched cohort analyses: application to glyburide, glipizide, and serious hypoglycemia.
Epidemiology 2017 Nov;28(6):838-46. doi: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000709..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Diabetes, Medication: Safety, Medication, Patient Safety
Richards JR, Smith NE, Moulin AK
Unintentional cannabis ingestion in children: a systematic review.
The purpose of this study was to analyze published reports of unintentional cannabis ingestions in children to determine presenting signs and symptoms, route of exposure, treatment, and outcome. The investigators assert that unintentional cannabis ingestion by children is a serious public health concern and is well-documented in numerous studies and case reports; and that clinicians should consider cannabis toxicity in any child with sudden onset of lethargy or ataxia.
AHRQ-funded; HS022236.
Citation: Richards JR, Smith NE, Moulin AK .
Unintentional cannabis ingestion in children: a systematic review.
J Pediatr 2017 Nov;190:142-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.07.005..
Keywords: Adverse Events, Children/Adolescents, Adverse Drug Events (ADE)
Boyce RD, Jao J, Miller T
Automated screening of emergency department notes for drug-associated bleeding adverse events occurring in older adults.
The purpose of this study was to conduct research to show the value of text mining for automatically identifying suspected bleeding adverse drug events (ADEs) in the emergency department (ED). The investigators found that both models they examined, accurately identify bleeding ADEs using the presence or absence of certain clinical concepts in ED admission notes for older adult patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS024208.
Citation: Boyce RD, Jao J, Miller T .
Automated screening of emergency department notes for drug-associated bleeding adverse events occurring in older adults.
Appl Clin Inform 2017 Oct;8(4):1022-30. doi: 10.4338/aci-2017-02-ra-0036..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Elderly, Emergency Department, Medication, Medication: Safety
Gianfrancesco MA, Schmajuk G, Haserodt S
Hydroxychloroquine dosing in immune-mediated diseases: implications for patient safety.
Evidence suggests that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinal toxicity is more common than previously thought. Adhering to careful weight-based dosing can significantly reduce the risk of this adverse event and is recommended in recent guidelines. The study authors used electronic health record data from a large health system to examine HCQ dosing over a 5-year period and identify risk factors associated with higher dosage of HCQ.
AHRQ-funded; HS024412.
Citation: Gianfrancesco MA, Schmajuk G, Haserodt S .
Hydroxychloroquine dosing in immune-mediated diseases: implications for patient safety.
Rheumatol Int 2017 Oct;37(10):1611-18. doi: 10.1007/s00296-017-3782-6..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Patient Safety, Risk, Skin Conditions
Lo Re VR, Zeldow B, Kallan MJ
Risk of liver decompensation with cumulative use of mitochondrial toxic nucleoside analogues in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfection.
This cohort study was conducted to determine if cumulative mitochondrial toxic nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (mtNRTI) use increased the risk of hepatic decompensation and death among patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). The findings suggest that cumulative mtNRTI use may increase the risk of hepatic decompensation and death in HIV/HCV coinfection and should be avoided when alternatives exist for HIV/HCV patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS018372.
Citation: Lo Re VR, Zeldow B, Kallan MJ .
Risk of liver decompensation with cumulative use of mitochondrial toxic nucleoside analogues in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfection.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2017 Oct;26(10):1172-81. doi: 10.1002/pds.4258..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Hepatitis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Medication, Patient Safety
Bykov K, Schneeweiss S, Glynn RJ
Updating the evidence of the interaction between clopidogrel and CYP2C19-inhibiting selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a cohort study and meta-analysis.
The aim of this study was to assess clinical outcomes following initiation of a CYP2C19-inhibiting selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) versus initiation of other SSRIs among patients treated with clopidogrel and to update existing evidence on the clinical impact of clopidogrel-SSRI interaction. It concluded that the updated evidence still indicates a small decrease in clopidogrel effectiveness associated with concomitant exposure to clopidogrel and CYP2C19-inhibiting SSRIs.
AHRQ-funded; HS023122.
Citation: Bykov K, Schneeweiss S, Glynn RJ .
Updating the evidence of the interaction between clopidogrel and CYP2C19-inhibiting selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a cohort study and meta-analysis.
Drug Saf 2017 Oct;40(10):923-32. doi: 10.1007/s40264-017-0556-8.
.
.
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Medication, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Ing C, Hegarty MK, Perkins JW
Duration of general anaesthetic exposure in early childhood and long-term language and cognitive ability.
A study was done of children age 10 years who had volatile anaesthetic (VA) exposure sometime during their early childhood. Researchers were trying to determine if the duration of exposure affected long-term language and cognitive ability. Data was obtained from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. The cohort was divided by duration of total VA exposure before age three years. They concluded that children exposed to less than 35 minutes VA did not differ from unexposed children, but there were lower language scores in children who had experienced greater than 35 minutes.
AHRQ-funded; HS022941.
Citation: Ing C, Hegarty MK, Perkins JW .
Duration of general anaesthetic exposure in early childhood and long-term language and cognitive ability.
Br J Anaesth 2017 Sep 1;119(3):532-40. doi: 10.1093/bja/aew413..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Children/Adolescents, Medication, Neurological Disorders, Patient Safety
Chui MA, Stone JA, Holden RJ
Improving over-the-counter medication safety for older adults: a study protocol for a demonstration and dissemination study.
This study proposes to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention for preventing misuse of high-risk OTC medications by older adults; and to evaluate the implementation of the intervention in community pharmacies. The primary outcome will be a comparison of proportion of older adults who misuse OTC medication from baseline to post-intervention.
AHRQ-funded; HS024490.
Citation: Chui MA, Stone JA, Holden RJ .
Improving over-the-counter medication safety for older adults: a study protocol for a demonstration and dissemination study.
Res Social Adm Pharm 2017 Sep - Oct;13(5):930-37. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2016.11.006.
.
.
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Elderly, Medication: Safety, Medication, Provider: Pharmacist
Chatterjee S, Bali V, Carnahan RM
Risk of mortality associated with anticholinergic use in elderly nursing home residents with depression.
The aim of this study was to examine the risk of mortality associated with anticholinergic use among elderly nursing home residents with depression. It found that use of clinically significant anticholinergic medications was associated with a 31 percent increase in risk of mortality among elderly nursing home residents with depression.
AHRQ-funded; HS021264.
Citation: Chatterjee S, Bali V, Carnahan RM .
Risk of mortality associated with anticholinergic use in elderly nursing home residents with depression.
Drugs Aging 2017 Sep;34(9):691-700. doi: 10.1007/s40266-017-0475-5.
.
.
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Elderly, Medication, Mortality, Nursing Homes
Spector WD, Limcangco R, Furukawa MF
AHRQ Author: Spector WD, Limcangco R, Furukawa MF, Encinosa WE
The marginal costs of adverse drug events associated with exposures to anticoagulants and hypoglycemic agents during hospitalization.
The researchers estimated the marginal cost of care associated with anticoagulants and hypoglycemic agents for adults in 5 patient groups during their hospital stay and the total annual ADE costs for all patients exposed to these drugs during their stay. The 2013 hospital cost estimates for adverse drug events associated with anticoagulants and hypoglycemic agents were >$2.5 billion for each drug class.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Spector WD, Limcangco R, Furukawa MF .
The marginal costs of adverse drug events associated with exposures to anticoagulants and hypoglycemic agents during hospitalization.
Med Care 2017 Sep;55(9):856-63. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000780.
.
.
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Blood Thinners, Hospitalization, Healthcare Costs
Horton M, McDonald R, Green TC
A mapping review of take-home naloxone for people released from correctional settings.
The objective of this review is to map research into take-home naloxone (THN) for people released from correctional settings in order to identify further research needs. It concluded that the feasibility of THN in the context of release from a correctional setting has been established, but there is a need for rigorous research into health outcomes and program implementation.
AHRQ-funded; HS024021.
Citation: Horton M, McDonald R, Green TC .
A mapping review of take-home naloxone for people released from correctional settings.
Int J Drug Policy 2017 Aug;46:7-16. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.05.015.
.
.
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Medication, Opioids, Substance Abuse, Vulnerable Populations
Miller GE, Sarpong EM, Davidoff AJ
AHRQ Author: Miller GE, Sarpong EM
Determinants of potentially inappropriate medication use among community-dwelling older adults.
The researchers examined the determinants of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use. The multivariate results suggest that poor health status and high-PIM-risk conditions were associated with increased PIM use, while increasing age and educational attainment were associated with lower PIM use. Contrary to expectations, lack of a usual care source of care or supplemental insurance was associated with lower PIM use
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Miller GE, Sarpong EM, Davidoff AJ .
Determinants of potentially inappropriate medication use among community-dwelling older adults.
Health Serv Res 2017 Aug;52(4):1534-49. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12562.
.
.
Keywords: Medication, Elderly, Medication: Safety, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Medical Errors
Carroll JJ, Marshall BDL, Rich JD
Exposure to fentanyl-contaminated heroin and overdose risk among illicit opioid users in Rhode Island: a mixed methods study.
This study describes patterns and perceptions of fentanyl exposure among opioid users in Rhode Island. It concluded that among illicit opioid users in Rhode Island, known or suspected fentanyl exposure is common, yet demand for fentanyl is low. Fentanyl-contaminated drugs are generating user interest in effective risk mitigation strategies, including treatment.
AHRQ-funded; HS024021.
Citation: Carroll JJ, Marshall BDL, Rich JD .
Exposure to fentanyl-contaminated heroin and overdose risk among illicit opioid users in Rhode Island: a mixed methods study.
Int J Drug Policy 2017 Aug;46:136-45. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.05.023.
.
.
Keywords: Opioids, Substance Abuse, Medication, Adverse Drug Events (ADE)
Fong A, Harriott N, Walters DM
Integrating natural language processing expertise with patient safety event review committees to improve the analysis of medication events.
Natural language processing (NLP) experts collaborated with clinical experts on a patient safety committee to assist in the identification and analysis of medication-related patient safety events. Four types of medication-related patient safety events were identified, and the models were compared. The authors demonstrated the capabilities of various NLP models and the use of two text inclusion strategies at categorizing medication-related patient safety events. They suggested that the NLP models and visualization could be used to improve the efficiency of patient safety event data review and analysis.
AHRQ-funded; HS023701.
Citation: Fong A, Harriott N, Walters DM .
Integrating natural language processing expertise with patient safety event review committees to improve the analysis of medication events.
Int J Med Inform 2017 Aug;104:120-25. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2017.05.005.
.
.
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Medical Errors, Medication, Patient Safety
Leonard CE, Hennessy S, Han X
Pro- and antiarrhythmic actions of sulfonylureas: Mechanistic and clinical evidence.
In this review, the authors explore the influence of sulfonylureas on the risk of serious arrhythmias, with specific foci on ischemic preconditioning, cardiac excitability, and serious hypoglycemia as putative mechanisms. They argue that elucidating the relationship between individual sulfonylureas and serious arrhythmias is critical, especially as the diabetes epidemic intensifies and sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) incidence increases in persons with diabetes.
AHRQ-funded; HS023898.
Citation: Leonard CE, Hennessy S, Han X .
Pro- and antiarrhythmic actions of sulfonylureas: Mechanistic and clinical evidence.
Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017 Aug;28(8):561-86. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.04.003.
.
.
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Cardiovascular Conditions, Diabetes, Medication, Mortality
Ing C, Sun LS, Friend AF
Differences in intraoperative hemodynamics between spinal and general anesthesia in infants undergoing pyloromyotomy.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate hemodynamic effects of spinal anesthesia compared to general anesthesia in a cohort of healthy infants. Its findings show that spinal anesthesia performed in healthy infants undergoing pyloromyotomy results in reduced intraoperative blood pressure changes from baseline, significantly higher blood pressure readings, and no increased bradycardia compared to general anesthesia.
AHRQ-funded; HS022941.
Citation: Ing C, Sun LS, Friend AF .
Differences in intraoperative hemodynamics between spinal and general anesthesia in infants undergoing pyloromyotomy.
Paediatr Anaesth 2017 Jul;27(7):733-41. doi: 10.1111/pan.13156.
.
.
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Newborns/Infants, Medication, Patient Safety, Surgery
Ing C, Wall MM, DiMaggio CJ
Latent class analysis of neurodevelopmental deficit after exposure to anesthesia in early childhood.
Although some studies have reported an association between early exposure to anesthesia and surgery and long-term neurodevelopmental deficit, the clinical phenotype of children exposed to anesthesia is still unknown. This study’s results suggest that in evaluating children exposed to surgery and anesthesia at an early age, the phenotype of interest may be children with deficits primarily in language and cognition, and not children with broad neurodevelopmental delay or primarily behavioral deficits.
AHRQ-funded; HS022941.
Citation: Ing C, Wall MM, DiMaggio CJ .
Latent class analysis of neurodevelopmental deficit after exposure to anesthesia in early childhood.
J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2017 Jul;29(3):264-73. doi: 10.1097/ana.0000000000000303.
.
.
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Children/Adolescents, Disabilities, Medication, Patient Safety
Furukawa MF, Spector WD, Rhona Limcangco M
AHRQ Author: Furukawa MF, Spector WD, Encinosa WE
Meaningful use of health information technology and declines in in-hospital adverse drug events.
Hospital adoption of electronic health records with Meaningful Use (MU) capabilities expected to improve medication safety has grown rapidly. This study has found that MU capabilities and interoperability were associated with lower occurrence of adverse drug events (ADEs), but the effects did not vary by experience with MU. About one-fifth of the decline in ADEs from 2010 to 2013 was attributable to MU capabilities.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Furukawa MF, Spector WD, Rhona Limcangco M .
Meaningful use of health information technology and declines in in-hospital adverse drug events.
J Am Med Inform Assoc 2017 Jul 1;24(4):729-36. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocw183.
.
.
Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Patient Safety, Hospitals
Salber GJ, Wang YB, Lynch JT
Metformin use in practice: compliance with guidelines for patients with diabetes and preserved renal function.
This article reports on an examination of a population of patients with diabetes with preserved renal function to evaluate provider compliance with guidelines on metformin use and to identify factors that contributed when practice diverged from recommendations. It found that although providers generally follow current recommendations for the use of metformin, deviations from guidelines in practice are common.
AHRQ-funded; HS019474.
Citation: Salber GJ, Wang YB, Lynch JT .
Metformin use in practice: compliance with guidelines for patients with diabetes and preserved renal function.
Clin Diabetes 2017 Jul;35(3):154-61. doi: 10.2337/cd15-0045.
.
.
Keywords: Medication, Guidelines, Diabetes, Adverse Drug Events (ADE)
Schroeder EB, Xu S, Goodrich GK
Predicting the 6-month risk of severe hypoglycemia among adults with diabetes: development and external validation of a prediction model.
Researchers developed and validated two prediction models for predicting the 6-month risk of hypoglycemia. The 16-variable model had slightly better performance than the 6-variable model, but in some practice settings, use of the simpler model may be preferred.
AHRQ-funded; HS019859; HS022963.
Citation: Schroeder EB, Xu S, Goodrich GK .
Predicting the 6-month risk of severe hypoglycemia among adults with diabetes: development and external validation of a prediction model.
J Diabetes Complications 2017 Jul;31(7):1158-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.04.004.
.
.
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Diabetes, Medication, Risk
Koronkowski MJ, Semla TP, Schmader KE
Recent literature update on medication risk in older adults, 2015-2016.
Medications can pose considerable risk in older adults. This article intended to provide a narrative review of key publications in medication safety for clinicians and researchers committed to improving medication safety in older adults. It annotates four articles addressing this concern from 2016.
AHRQ-funded; HS023779.
Citation: Koronkowski MJ, Semla TP, Schmader KE .
Recent literature update on medication risk in older adults, 2015-2016.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2017 Jul;65(7):1401-05. doi: 10.1111/jgs.14887.
.
.
Keywords: Elderly, Medication, Medication: Safety, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Patient Safety