National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 30 Research Studies DisplayedLapham GT, Lee AK, Caldeiro RM
Prevalence of behavioral health conditions across frequency of cannabis use among adult primary care patients in Washington state.
This population-based study of primary care patients reports on the prevalence of common behavioral health conditions across cannabis use frequency. The investigators concluded that their study found a strong association between the frequency of cannabis use and tobacco use, depression symptoms, and other drug use, and as well as diagnosed mental health and substance use disorders.
AHRQ-funded; HS023173.
Citation: Lapham GT, Lee AK, Caldeiro RM .
Prevalence of behavioral health conditions across frequency of cannabis use among adult primary care patients in Washington state.
J Gen Intern Med 2018 Nov;33(11):1833-35. doi: 10.1007/s11606-018-4558-8..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Depression, Primary Care, Substance Abuse, Tobacco Use
Bailey SR, Stevens VJ, Fortmann SP
Long-term outcomes from repeated smoking cessation assistance in routine primary care.
This study assessed the importance of primary care support for smokers trying to quit. This retrospective, observational cohort study followed over 33,000 patients at six diverse health systems over 4 years. Long-term quit (LTQ) status (longer than 365 days) was measured, and it was determined that frequent visits (more than 75% of visits) had almost 3 times the success than patients who visited less than 25%.
AHRQ-funded; HS019828.
Citation: Bailey SR, Stevens VJ, Fortmann SP .
Long-term outcomes from repeated smoking cessation assistance in routine primary care.
Am J Health Promot 2018 Sep;32(7):1582-90. doi: 10.1177/0890117118761886..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Lifestyle Changes, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Primary Care, Tobacco Use
Crockett KB, Rice WS, Turan B
Associations between multiple forms of discrimination and tobacco use among people living with HIV: the mediating role of avoidance coping.
This study examined the use of tobacco among people living with HIV (PLWH) and their use of it as a coping mechanism for multiple forms of discrimination. Many PLWH face stigma and discrimination associated with HIV and race and sexual orientation. This cohort study recruited 202 PLWH from a HIV primary care clinic in Birmingham, AL between 2013 and 2015. Participants were surveyed on their tobacco use and it showed an association with avoidance coping.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Crockett KB, Rice WS, Turan B .
Associations between multiple forms of discrimination and tobacco use among people living with HIV: the mediating role of avoidance coping.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2018 May 1;78(1):9-15. doi: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001636..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Social Stigma, Tobacco Use
Cartmell KB, Dooley M, Mueller M
Effect of an evidence-based inpatient tobacco dependence treatment service on 30-, 90-, and 180-day hospital readmission rates.
This study explored the effect of an inpatient tobacco dependence treatment services (TDTS) on 30-, 90-, and 180-day hospital readmissions. The investigators suggest that findings from their study, which are supported by prior studies, provide evidence that delivery of TDTS is a strategy that may help to reduce hospital readmissions.
AHRQ-funded; HS023863.
Citation: Cartmell KB, Dooley M, Mueller M .
Effect of an evidence-based inpatient tobacco dependence treatment service on 30-, 90-, and 180-day hospital readmission rates.
Med Care 2018 Apr;56(4):358-63. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000884..
Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Hospital Readmissions, Substance Abuse, Tobacco Use
Inadomi M, Iyengar R, Fischer I
Effect of patient-reported smoking status on short-term bariatric surgery outcomes.
The authors of this study sought to explore the relationship between patient-reported smoking status and short-term bariatric surgery outcomes. The investigators found that recent smokers suffer detrimental effects of smoking on serious postoperative complications following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, but may not suffer an elevated risk of complications attributable to smoking for sleeve gastrectomy.
AHRQ-funded; HS024403; HS023621.
Citation: Inadomi M, Iyengar R, Fischer I .
Effect of patient-reported smoking status on short-term bariatric surgery outcomes.
Surg Endosc 2018 Feb;32(2):720-26. doi: 10.1007/s00464-017-5728-1..
Keywords: Outcomes, Surgery, Tobacco Use
Gianfrancesco MA, Yazdany J, Schmajuk G
The impact of smoking on disease measures in rheumatoid arthritis: the need for appropriate adjustment of time-varying confounding.
In a recent publication, Quintana-Dunque et al. studied patients with early onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and showed that baseline smoking status was inversely associated with disease activity and disability at 36 months. This paper argues that the authors failed to highlight several limitations of study design and analysis, including time-varying confounding, which may have had a direct impact on results and corresponding conclusions.
AHRQ-funded; HS024412.
Citation: Gianfrancesco MA, Yazdany J, Schmajuk G .
The impact of smoking on disease measures in rheumatoid arthritis: the need for appropriate adjustment of time-varying confounding.
Rheumatol Int 2018 Feb;38(2):313-14. doi: 10.1007/s00296-017-3902-3.
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Keywords: Health Status, Lifestyle Changes, Arthritis, Tobacco Use
Russo ET, Reid M, Taher R
Referral strategies to a tobacco quitline and racial and/or ethnic differences in participation.
This study evaluated the reach of two referral strategies to the Massachusetts tobacco-use quitline among African American and Hispanic smokers in Boston. The two strategies were a provider-referred strategy based in pediatric and dental clinics and a large-scale, targeted media campaign that promoted self-referral to the quitline. Demographic characteristics of the quitline participants during the study period were compared between the two strategies. Characteristics of self-referred smokers were also compared in the years before and after the media campaign, as were the characteristics of quitline participants with smokers in the 2010 Boston Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey. The results indicate that the media campaign was associated with higher quitline participation overall, but that the provider-referred strategy which was based in community health centers, yielded greater participation from African American and Hispanic smokers.
AHRQ-funded; HS024332; HS022986.
Citation: Russo ET, Reid M, Taher R .
Referral strategies to a tobacco quitline and racial and/or ethnic differences in participation.
Pediatrics 2018 Jan;141(Suppl 1):S30-s39. doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-1026G..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Prevention, Tobacco Use, Tobacco Use: Smoking Cessation
Ho V, Ross JS, Steiner CA
AHRQ Author: Steiner CA
A nationwide assessment of the association of smoking bans and cigarette taxes with hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and pneumonia.
No national study using complete hospitalization counts by area that accounts for contemporaneous controls including state cigarette taxes has been conducted. This study in 28 states found that smoking bans lowered pneumonia hospitalization rates for persons ages 60 to 74 years and higher cigarette taxes were associated with lower heart failure hospitalizations for all ages and fewer pneumonia hospitalizations for adults aged 60 to 74.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Ho V, Ross JS, Steiner CA .
A nationwide assessment of the association of smoking bans and cigarette taxes with hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and pneumonia.
Med Care Res Rev 2017 Dec;74(6):687-704. doi: 10.1177/1077558716668646.
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Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Heart Disease and Health, Hospitalization, Pneumonia, Tobacco Use
Donovan LM, Rise PJ, Carson SS
Sleep disturbance in smokers with preserved pulmonary function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
This study compared the magnitude and correlates of sleep disturbance between smokers with preserved pulmonary function and those with airflow obstruction. It found that among smokers with clinically identified chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the severity of sleep disturbance is greater among those with preserved pulmonary function compared to those with airflow obstruction. Non-respiratory symptoms, such as depression, were associated with sleep disturbance in both groups.
AHRQ-funded; HS017894.
Citation: Donovan LM, Rise PJ, Carson SS .
Sleep disturbance in smokers with preserved pulmonary function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Ann Am Thorac Soc 2017 Dec;14(12):1836-43. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201706-453OC.
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Keywords: Respiratory Conditions, Sleep Problems, Tobacco Use, Chronic Conditions
Nahhas GJ, Wilson D, Talbot V
Feasibility of implementing a hospital-based "opt-out" tobacco-cessation service.
This study assessed the feasibility and outcomes of implementing a hospital-based "opt-out" tobacco-cessation service. The service consisted of a bedside consult and phone follow-up 3, 14, and 30 days after hospital discharge using interactive-voice-response. Findings from this study suggest that an inpatient smoking-cessation service with an "opt-out" approach can positively impact short-term cessation outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS023863.
Citation: Nahhas GJ, Wilson D, Talbot V .
Feasibility of implementing a hospital-based "opt-out" tobacco-cessation service.
Nicotine Tob Res 2017 Aug;19(8):937-43. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntw312.
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Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Hospitalization, Tobacco Use, Outcomes
Bailey SR, Heintzman JD, Marino M
Smoking-cessation assistance: before and after stage 1 meaningful use implementation.
This study examined whether smoking status assessment, cessation assistance, and odds of being a current smoker changed after Stage 1 Meaningful Use (MU) implementation. Its findings suggest that incentives for MU of electronic health records increase the odds of smoking assessment and cessation assistance, which could lead to decreased smoking rates among vulnerable populations.
AHRQ-funded; HS021522.
Citation: Bailey SR, Heintzman JD, Marino M .
Smoking-cessation assistance: before and after stage 1 meaningful use implementation.
Am J Prev Med 2017 Aug;53(2):192-200. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.02.006.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Healthcare Delivery, Primary Care, Tobacco Use
Gaskill CE, Kling CE, Varghese TK, Jr.
Financial benefit of a smoking cessation program prior to elective colorectal surgery.
This study aimed to create an economic evaluation framework to estimate the potential value of preoperative smoking cessation programs for patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. It concluded that a preoperative smoking cessation program is predicted to be cost-saving over the global postoperative period if the cost of the intervention is below $304 per patient.
AHRQ-funded; HS020025; HS022959.
Citation: Gaskill CE, Kling CE, Varghese TK, Jr. .
Financial benefit of a smoking cessation program prior to elective colorectal surgery.
J Surg Res 2017 Jul;215:183-89. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.03.067.
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Keywords: Tobacco Use, Surgery, Healthcare Costs, Adverse Events
Beckman AL, Herrin J, Nasir K
Trends in cardiovascular health of US adults by income, 2005-2014.
This research letter discusses the trends in cardiovascular health of US adults by income from 2005-2014. The investigators assessed national trends in cardiovascular risk factors by income level among adults aged 25 years and older using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, a nationally representative, multistage probability sample of the US population, across 5 periods: 2005 to 2006, 2007 to 2008, 2009 to 2010, 2011 to 2012, and 2013 to 2014.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Beckman AL, Herrin J, Nasir K .
Trends in cardiovascular health of US adults by income, 2005-2014.
JAMA Cardiol 2017 Jul;2(7):814-16. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2017.1654..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Risk, Disparities, Health Status, Blood Pressure, Obesity, Diabetes, Low-Income, Tobacco Use
Pesko MF, Maclean JC, Kaplan CM
AHRQ Author: Hill SC
Trends over time in enrollment in non-group health insurance plans by tobacco use in the United States.
The researchers tabulated enrollment information for 35 states offering insurance plans through Healthcare.gov in both 2014 and 2016. They found that non-tobacco user enrollment rose faster than reported tobacco user enrollment in 30 out of 35 states. Reported tobacco users are enrolling in marketplace plans at a lower rate and are more likely to enroll in less generous plans.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Pesko MF, Maclean JC, Kaplan CM .
Trends over time in enrollment in non-group health insurance plans by tobacco use in the United States.
Prev Med Rep 2017 May 17;7:46-49. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.05.010.
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Keywords: Health Insurance, Tobacco Use
Tucker JS, Shadel WG, Galvan FH
Pilot evaluation of a brief intervention to improve nicotine patch adherence among smokers living with HIV/AIDS.
This article presents results from a pilot evaluation of a brief smoking cessation treatment to improve adherence to the nicotine patch among Latino smokers living with HIV/AIDS. Although this small pilot was conducted to estimate effect sizes and was not powered to detect group differences, results were promising and suggested that adding a 10-min module focused on nicotine patch adherence to a standard 5 As protocol could increase abstinence rates.
AHRQ-funded; HS000062.
Citation: Tucker JS, Shadel WG, Galvan FH .
Pilot evaluation of a brief intervention to improve nicotine patch adherence among smokers living with HIV/AIDS.
Psychol Addict Behav 2017 Mar;31(2):148-53. doi: 10.1037/adb0000221.
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Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Patient Adherence/Compliance, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Tobacco Use
Ford JH, 2nd, Oliver KA, Giles M
Maintenance of certification: how performance in practice changes improve tobacco cessation in addiction psychiatrists' practice.
This study reports on findings from a Maintenance of Certification (MOC) Performance in Practice (PIP) module designed and evaluated by addiction psychiatrists who are members of the American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. It found that simple change projects designed to improve clinical practice led to substantial changes in self-reported chart documentation for the selected measure.
AHRQ-funded; HS021962.
Citation: Ford JH, 2nd, Oliver KA, Giles M .
Maintenance of certification: how performance in practice changes improve tobacco cessation in addiction psychiatrists' practice.
Am J Addict 2017 Jan;26(1):34-41. doi: 10.1111/ajad.12480.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Provider: Health Personnel, Quality Improvement, Tobacco Use
Kantor R, Kim A, Thyssen JP
Association of atopic dermatitis with smoking: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The authors examined the association between atopic dermatitis (AD) and exposure to tobacco smoke. They found that a diagnosis of AD was associated with higher odds of active smoking and exposure to passive smoke but not to maternal smoking during pregnancy, and concluded that active and passive tobacco smoke exposure are associated with increased AD prevalence.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Kantor R, Kim A, Thyssen JP .
Association of atopic dermatitis with smoking: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
J Am Acad Dermatol 2016 Dec;75(6):1119-25.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.07.017.
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Keywords: Skin Conditions, Tobacco Use, Risk, Evidence-Based Practice
Sood A, Petersen H, Qualls C
Spirometric variability in smokers: transitions in COPD diagnosis in a five-year longitudinal study.
The researchers hypothesized that spirometrically-defined chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) states could undergo beneficial transitions. Their observational study of ever smokers, shows that spirometrically-defined COPD states, may not be uniformly progressive and can improve or resolve over time. The implication of these findings is that the spirometric diagnosis of COPD can be unstable.
AHRQ-funded; HS023093.
Citation: Sood A, Petersen H, Qualls C .
Spirometric variability in smokers: transitions in COPD diagnosis in a five-year longitudinal study.
Respir Res 2016 Nov 10;17(1):147. doi: 10.1186/s12931-016-0468-7.
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Keywords: Tobacco Use, Respiratory Conditions, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Bailey SR, Hoopes MJ, Marino M
Effect of gaining insurance coverage on smoking cessation in community health centers: a cohort study.
This study aimed to determine if uninsured community health center (CHC) patients who gain Medicaid coverage experience greater primary care utilization, receive more cessation medication orders, and achieve higher quit rates, compared to continuously uninsured smokers. It found that newly insured patients had increased odds of quit smoking status over 24 months of follow-up than those who remained uninsured.
AHRQ-funded; HS021522; HS024270.
Citation: Bailey SR, Hoopes MJ, Marino M .
Effect of gaining insurance coverage on smoking cessation in community health centers: a cohort study.
J Gen Intern Med 2016 Oct;31(10):1198-205. doi: 10.1007/s11606-016-3781-4.
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Keywords: Tobacco Use, Health Insurance, Community-Based Practice, Medicaid, Healthcare Utilization
Nadpara PA, Madhavan SS, Tworek C
Tobacco-use cessation counseling service usage.
The authors evaluated patterns of receipt of Tobacco-use Cessation Counseling (TCC) services among elderly lung cancer patients. They found a critical need to address disparities in receipt of TCC services among elderly. They concluded that, although lung cancer preventive services are covered under the Medicare program, these services are underutilized.
AHRQ-funded; HS018622.
Citation: Nadpara PA, Madhavan SS, Tworek C .
Tobacco-use cessation counseling service usage.
W V Med J 2016 Sep-Oct;112(5):66-71.
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Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Lung Cancer, Elderly, Healthcare Utilization, Lifestyle Changes, Tobacco Use
Jarlenski M, Hyon Baik S, Zhang Y
Trends in use of medications for smoking cessation in Medicare, 2007-2012.
This study investigated trends in utilization of smoking-cessation medications in Medicare from 2007 to 2012. It found that sixteen percent of tobacco users ever filled a prescription for a smoking-cessation medication. The proportion of beneficiaries who filled prescriptions for varenicline increased in 2007 but sharply declined corresponding to public warnings about adverse effects.
AHRQ-funded; HS018657.
Citation: Jarlenski M, Hyon Baik S, Zhang Y .
Trends in use of medications for smoking cessation in Medicare, 2007-2012.
Am J Prev Med 2016 Sep;51(3):301-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.02.018.
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Keywords: Medicare, Medication, Tobacco Use
Ngo-Metzger Q, Owings J
AHRQ Author: Ngo-Metzger Q
Screening for abnormal blood glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
This case study involves a 43-year-old woman with a seven pack-year smoking history. She has no health concerns and has not visited a physician in four years. Her blood pressure and pulse are normal, and her body mass index (BMI) is 27 kg per m2. She does not have a family history of diabetes mellitus. The case study poses three multiple choice questions together with the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations and related background information.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Ngo-Metzger Q, Owings J .
Screening for abnormal blood glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Am Fam Physician 2016 Jun 15;93(12):1025-6.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Diabetes, Screening, Tobacco Use, Guidelines
Fan T, Blitz J
AHRQ Author: Fan T
Behavioral and pharmacotherapy interventions for tobacco smoking cessation in adults, including pregnant women.
This case study involves a 40-year-old woman presenting for a routine antepartum visit. She is 20 weeks pregnant and smokes half a pack of cigarettes per day. She asks if your clinic offers services to help with tobacco smoking cessation and if she should try using e-cigarettes to stop smoking. The authors next pose three multiple choice questions and then give the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations and related background information.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Fan T, Blitz J .
Behavioral and pharmacotherapy interventions for tobacco smoking cessation in adults, including pregnant women.
Am Fam Physician 2016 May 15;93(10):861-2.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Tobacco Use, Behavioral Health, Medication, Guidelines
Rokicki S, Adamkiewicz G, Fang SC
Assessment of residents' attitudes and satisfaction before and after implementation of a smoke-free policy in Boston multiunit housing.
The researchers sought to characterize Boston Housing Authority (BHA) resident experiences before and after the 2012 smoke-free policy implementation. They concluded that resident support for smoke-free policies is high, but that lack of enforcement may cause frustration and resentment among residents, potentially leading to a decrease in housing satisfaction.
AHRQ-funded; HS000055.
Citation: Rokicki S, Adamkiewicz G, Fang SC .
Assessment of residents' attitudes and satisfaction before and after implementation of a smoke-free policy in Boston multiunit housing.
Nicotine Tob Res 2016 May;18(5):1282-9. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntv239.
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Keywords: Policy, Policy, Prevention, Tobacco Use
Prochaska JJ, Michalek AK, Brown-Johnson C
Likelihood of unemployed smokers vs nonsmokers attaining reemployment in a one-year observational study.
The researchers examined the differences in reemployment by smoking status in a 12-month period. This study, the first to prospectively track reemployment success by smoking status, concluded that smokers had a lower likelihood of reemployment at 1 year and were paid significantly less than nonsmokers when reemployed.
AHRQ-funded; HS022192.
Citation: Prochaska JJ, Michalek AK, Brown-Johnson C .
Likelihood of unemployed smokers vs nonsmokers attaining reemployment in a one-year observational study.
JAMA Intern Med 2016 May;176(5):662-70. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.0772.
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Keywords: Tobacco Use, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Lifestyle Changes, Risk