National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
26 to 50 of 86 Research Studies DisplayedGarcia-Albeniz X, Hsu J, Lipsitch M
Colonoscopy and risk of infective endocarditis in the elderly.
The authors estimated the risk of infective endocarditis (IE) after colonoscopy in individuals aged 70 to 79 without a history of colorectal cancer (CRC), endocarditis, or colectomy from a random 20% sample of Medicare beneficiaries. Their findings suggest that individuals without risk factors for IE and those without gastrointestinal symptoms did not have an elevated IE risk after colonoscopy. However, they found a modestly increased risk among individuals with risk factors for IE who undergo a polypectomy or a biopsy during a colonoscopy following recent symptoms.
AHRQ-funded; HS023128.
Citation: Garcia-Albeniz X, Hsu J, Lipsitch M .
Colonoscopy and risk of infective endocarditis in the elderly.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2016 Aug 2;68(5):570-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.05.041.
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Keywords: Adverse Events, Colonoscopy, Elderly, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Risk
Kabra R, Girotra S, Vaughan Sarrazin M
Refining stroke prediction in atrial fibrillation patients by addition of African-American ethnicity to CHA2DS2-VASc score.
The authors hypothesized that the addition of African-American ethnicity to the CHA2DS2-VASc score might improve stroke prediction in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). They found that, in patients over age 65 with newly diagnosed AF, the addition of ethnicity to CHA2DS2-VASc score significantly improved stroke prediction.
AHRQ-funded; HS023104.
Citation: Kabra R, Girotra S, Vaughan Sarrazin M .
Refining stroke prediction in atrial fibrillation patients by addition of African-American ethnicity to CHA2DS2-VASc score.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2016 Aug 2;68(5):461-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.05.044.
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Keywords: Stroke, Heart Disease and Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Risk, Cardiovascular Conditions
Silverberg JI, Song J, Pinto D
Atopic dermatitis is associated with less physical activity in US adults.
The authors sought to use objective measures to confirm whether adults with atopic dermatitis (AD) have decreased vigorous physical activity. Their results confirmed and expanded on previous studies that found less self-reported vigorous physical activity among adults with AD.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Silverberg JI, Song J, Pinto D .
Atopic dermatitis is associated with less physical activity in US adults.
J Invest Dermatol 2016 Aug;136(8):1714-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.04.025.
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Keywords: Lifestyle Changes, Risk, Skin Conditions
Allaire BT, Raghavan R, Brown DS
Morbid obesity and use of second generation antipsychotics among adolescents in foster care: evidence from Medicaid.
The researchers examined the association between receiving a morbid obesity diagnosis and second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) prescriptions among adolescents in foster care. They found that the risk increases with age. Quetiapine and clozapine increased the risk of a morbid obesity diagnosis more than 2.5 times, and two or more psychotropic drugs (polypharmacy) increased the risk fivefold.
AHRQ-funded; HS020269.
Citation: Allaire BT, Raghavan R, Brown DS .
Morbid obesity and use of second generation antipsychotics among adolescents in foster care: evidence from Medicaid.
Child Youth Serv Rev 2016 Aug;67:27-31. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.05.019.
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Keywords: Medicaid, Obesity, Medication, Children/Adolescents, Risk
Rinke ML, Jan D, Nassim J
Surgical site infections following pediatric ambulatory surgery: an epidemiologic analysis.
The authors identified surgical site infection (SSI) rates following pediatric ambulatory surgery, SSI outcomes and risk factors, and sensitivity and specificity of SSI administrative billing codes. They concluded that SSI following pediatric ambulatory surgery occurs at an appreciable rate and conveys morbidity on children.
AHRQ-funded; HS021282.
Citation: Rinke ML, Jan D, Nassim J .
Surgical site infections following pediatric ambulatory surgery: an epidemiologic analysis.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016 Aug;37(8):931-8. doi: 10.1017/ice.2016.98.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Surgery, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Injuries and Wounds, Adverse Events, Risk
Fernandez FG, Kosinski AS, Burfeind W
The Society of Thoracic Surgeons lung cancer resection risk model: higher quality data and superior outcomes.
The researchers updated the lung cancer resection risk model utilizing the Society of Thoracic Surgeons General Thoracic Surgery Database (GTSD) with a larger and more contemporary cohort. Risk factors from the prior lung cancer resection model were refined, and new risk factors such as prior thoracic surgery were identified. They concluded that operative mortality and complication rates were low for lung cancer resection among surgeons participating in the GTSD.
AHRQ-funded; HS022279.
Citation: Fernandez FG, Kosinski AS, Burfeind W .
The Society of Thoracic Surgeons lung cancer resection risk model: higher quality data and superior outcomes.
Ann Thorac Surg 2016 Aug;102(2):370-7. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.02.098.
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Keywords: Cancer: Lung Cancer, Risk, Surgery, Patient Safety
Strom MA, Silverberg JI
Associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with atopic disease in United States children.
The purpose of this study was to determine if eczema, asthma, and hay fever are associated with vigorous physical activity, television/video game usage, and sports participation and if sleep disturbance modifies such associations. The investigators concluded that children with severe atopic disease, accompanied by sleep disturbance, have higher risk of sedentary behaviors.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Strom MA, Silverberg JI .
Associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with atopic disease in United States children.
J Pediatr 2016 Jul;174:247-53.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.03.063..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Lifestyle Changes, Risk, Skin Conditions
Wang HE, Donnelly JP, Griffin R
Derivation of novel risk prediction scores for community-acquired sepsis and severe sepsis.
The researchers derived and internally validated a Sepsis Risk Score and a Severe Sepsis Risk Score predicting future sepsis and severe sepsis events among community-dwelling adults. They concluded that the Sepsis Risk Score and Severe Sepsis Risk Score predict 10-year sepsis and severe sepsis risk among community-dwelling adults and may aid in sepsis prevention or mitigation efforts.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Wang HE, Donnelly JP, Griffin R .
Derivation of novel risk prediction scores for community-acquired sepsis and severe sepsis.
Crit Care Med 2016 Jul;44(7):1285-94. doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001666.
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Keywords: Community-Acquired Infections, Risk, Risk, Sepsis
Lipman GS, Krabak BJ, Rundell SD
Incidence and prevalence of acute kidney injury during multistage ultramarathons.
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) during multistage ultramarathons. The authors found that prevalence of AKI was 63%-78% during multistage ultramarathons, and that female sex, lower pack weight, and greater weight loss were associated with renal impairment.
AHRQ-funded; HS022982.
Citation: Lipman GS, Krabak BJ, Rundell SD .
Incidence and prevalence of acute kidney injury during multistage ultramarathons.
Clin J Sport Med 2016 Jul;26(4):314-9. doi: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000253.
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Keywords: Injuries and Wounds, Risk, Sex Factors, Outcomes
McCoy RG, Lipska KJ, Yao X
Intensive treatment and severe hypoglycemia among adults with type 2 diabetes.
The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of intensive treatment and the association between intensive treatment, clinical complexity, and incidence of severe hypoglycemia among adults with type 2 diabetes who are not using insulin. The researchers found that over 20% of patients with type 2 diabetes received intensive treatment that might have been unnecessary and that among patients with high clinical complexity, intensive treatment nearly doubled the risk of severe hypoglycemia.
AHRQ-funded; HS018339.
Citation: McCoy RG, Lipska KJ, Yao X .
Intensive treatment and severe hypoglycemia among adults with type 2 diabetes.
JAMA Intern Med 2016 Jul;176(7):969-78. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.2275.
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Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Diabetes, Medication, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Risk
Nguyen OK, Makam AN, Clark C
Predicting all-cause readmissions using electronic health record data from the entire hospitalization: model development and comparison.
The purpose of this study was to develop an all-cause readmissions risk-prediction model incorporating electronic health record (EHR) data from the full hospital stay, and to compare "full-stay" model performance to a "first day" and 2 other validated models. It found that incorporating clinically granular EHR data from the full hospital stay modestly improves prediction of 30-day readmissions.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Nguyen OK, Makam AN, Clark C .
Predicting all-cause readmissions using electronic health record data from the entire hospitalization: model development and comparison.
J Hosp Med 2016 Jul;11(7):473-80. doi: 10.1002/jhm.2568.
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Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Hospital Readmissions, Hospitalization, Risk
Karp DN, Wolff CS, Wiebe DJ
Reassessing the stroke belt: using small area spatial statistics to identify clusters of high stroke mortality in the United States.
The researchers identified clusters of high stroke mortality and adjacent areas of low stroke mortality for US counties and evaluated for regional differences in county-level risk factors. They found that clusters of high stroke mortality exist beyond the 8-state stroke belt, and variation exists within the stroke belt. They recommended reconsideration of the stroke belt definition and suggested increased attention to local determinants of health underlying small area regional variability to inform targeted healthcare interventions.
AHRQ-funded; HS018362.
Citation: Karp DN, Wolff CS, Wiebe DJ .
Reassessing the stroke belt: using small area spatial statistics to identify clusters of high stroke mortality in the United States.
Stroke 2016 Jul;47(7):1939-42. doi: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.012997.
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Keywords: Mortality, Risk, Stroke, Social Determinants of Health
Guirguis-Blake JM, Evans CV, Senger CA
Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events: a systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
This is an update of a systematic review about the benefits of aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in adults aged 40 years or older and to evaluate effect modification in subpopulations. It concluded that the beneficial effect of aspirin for the primary prevention of CVD is modest and also occurs at doses of 100 mg or less per day. Older adults seem to achieve a greater relative MI benefit.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200015.
Citation: Guirguis-Blake JM, Evans CV, Senger CA .
Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events: a systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
Ann Intern Med 2016 Jun 21;164(12):804-13. doi: 10.7326/m15-2113.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cardiovascular Conditions, Medication, Risk, Prevention
Koroukian SM, Schiltz N, Warner DF
Combinations of chronic conditions, functional limitations, and geriatric syndromes that predict health outcomes.
The researchers aimed to identify combinations of chronic conditions, functional limitations, and geriatric syndromes that predict poor health outcomes. They found that functional limitations and/or geriatric syndromes were the most prominent conditions in predicting health outcomes. They concluded that accounting for chronic conditions alone may be less informative than also accounting for the co-occurrence of functional limitations and geriatric syndromes, as the latter conditions appear to drive health outcomes in older individuals.
AHRQ-funded; HS023113.
Citation: Koroukian SM, Schiltz N, Warner DF .
Combinations of chronic conditions, functional limitations, and geriatric syndromes that predict health outcomes.
J Gen Intern Med 2016 Jun;31(6):630-7. doi: 10.1007/s11606-016-3590-9.
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Keywords: Elderly, Chronic Conditions, Risk, Outcomes, Health Status
Hsu D, Brieva J, Silverberg JI
Costs of care for hospitalization for pemphigus in the United States.
The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of and risk factors for hospitalization with pemphigus and cost of care. It concluded that there is a significant inpatient burden for pemphigus in the United States. Moreover, there appear to be racial/ethnic and health care disparities with respect to pemphigus, such that poor, nonwhite, and/or uninsured or underinsured patients have higher odds of hospitalization.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Hsu D, Brieva J, Silverberg JI .
Costs of care for hospitalization for pemphigus in the United States.
JAMA Dermatol 2016 Jun;152(6):645-54. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.5240..
Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Hospitalization, Disparities, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Risk
Muenks CE, Hogan PG, Wang JW
Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus strains colonizing various niches of the human body.
The objectives of this study were to determine whether S. aureus polyclonal colonization exists within one body niche and to determine the optimal sampling sites and culture methodology to capture the diversity of S. aureus strains in community-dwelling individuals. The researchers found S. aureus polyclonality within a single body niche and that culture methodology and sampling sites influenced the analytical sensitivity of S. aureus colonization detection and the robustness of phenotypic and genotypic strain recovery.
AHRQ-funded; HS021736; HS024269.
Citation: Muenks CE, Hogan PG, Wang JW .
Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus strains colonizing various niches of the human body.
J Infect 2016 Jun;72(6):698-705. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.03.015.
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Keywords: Infectious Diseases, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Risk
Bangalore S, Guo Y, Samadashvili Z
Revascularization in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction: everolimus-eluting stents versus coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
This study compared outcomes for patients with multivessel disease and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction </=35%) who underwent either percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with everolimus-eluting stent or coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). It found that PCI with everolimus-eluting stent had comparable long-term survival in comparison with CABG. PCI was associated with higher risk of myocardial infarction (in those with incomplete revascularization) and repeat revascularization.
AHRQ-funded; HS023683.
Citation: Bangalore S, Guo Y, Samadashvili Z .
Revascularization in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction: everolimus-eluting stents versus coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Circulation 2016 May 31;133(22):2132-40. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.021168.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Heart Disease and Health, Surgery, Outcomes, Risk
O'Donoghue ML, Morrow DA, Cannon CP
Multimarker risk stratification in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
In this study, the investigators examined multimarker risk stratification in patients with acute myocardial infarction. They found that in patients with ST-elevation MI, a multimarker strategy that combines biomarkers across pathobiological axes of myocardial stress, myocyte necrosis, and inflammation provided incremental prognostic information for prediction of cardiovascular death or heart failure.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: O'Donoghue ML, Morrow DA, Cannon CP .
Multimarker risk stratification in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
J Am Heart Assoc 2016 May 20;5(5). doi: 10.1161/jaha.115.002586..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Heart Disease and Health, Risk
Desai RJ, Glynn RJ, Wang S
Performance of disease risk score matching in nested case-control studies: a simulation study.
The authors investigate whether or not matching on a disease risk score (DRS), which includes many confounders, results in greater precision than matching on only a few confounders. Their results suggest that DRS matching might increase the statistical efficiency of case-control studies, particularly when the outcome is rare.
AHRQ-funded; HS022193.
Citation: Desai RJ, Glynn RJ, Wang S .
Performance of disease risk score matching in nested case-control studies: a simulation study.
Am J Epidemiol 2016 May 15;183(10):949-57. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwv269.
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Keywords: Research Methodologies, Risk, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Hernandez-Boussard TM, McDonald KM, Morrison DE
Risks of adverse events in colorectal patients: population-based study.
The authors sought to assess adverse events in colorectal surgical patients. They found important differential rates of adverse events by diagnostic category, with the highest odds ratio occurring in patients undergoing surgery for ischemic colitis.
AHRQ-funded; HS018558.
Citation: Hernandez-Boussard TM, McDonald KM, Morrison DE .
Risks of adverse events in colorectal patients: population-based study.
J Surg Res 2016 May 15;202(2):328-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.01.013.
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Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Adverse Events, Surgery, Patient Safety, Risk, Quality Indicators (QIs), Quality of Care, Quality Measures
Grant PJ, Greene MT, Chopra V
Assessing the Caprini score for risk assessment of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized medical patients.
The authors examined how well the Caprini risk assessment model predicts venous thromboembolism in hospitalized medical patients. They concluded that the Caprini risk assessment model was unable to identify a subset of medical patients who benefit from pharmacologic prophylaxis.
AHRQ-funded; HS022835.
Citation: Grant PJ, Greene MT, Chopra V .
Assessing the Caprini score for risk assessment of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized medical patients.
Am J Med 2016 May;129(5):528-35. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.10.027.
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Keywords: Adverse Events, Blood Clots, Hospitalization, Risk, Patient Safety
Du XL, Zhang Y, Hardy D
Associations between hematopoietic growth factors and risks of venous thromboembolism, stroke, ischemic heart disease and myelodysplastic syndrome: findings from a large population-based cohort of women with breast cancer.
The researchers sought to determine the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), stroke, ischemic heart disease, and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in association with the receipt of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) and/or erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in women with breast cancer. They found that receipts of CSFs and ESAs were significantly associated with an increased risk of VTE in women with breast cancer.
AHRQ-funded; HS018956.
Citation: Du XL, Zhang Y, Hardy D .
Associations between hematopoietic growth factors and risks of venous thromboembolism, stroke, ischemic heart disease and myelodysplastic syndrome: findings from a large population-based cohort of women with breast cancer.
Cancer Causes Control 2016 May;27(5):695-707. doi: 10.1007/s10552-016-0742-5.
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Keywords: Blood Clots, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cardiovascular Conditions, Risk, Stroke
Baker AW, Dicks KV, Durkin MJ
Epidemiology of surgical site infection in a community hospital network.
The researchers described the epidemiology of complex surgical site infection (SSI) following commonly performed surgical procedures in community hospitals and to characterize trends of SSI prevalence rates over time for MRSA and other common pathogens. They found that the prevalence of MRSA SSI decreased from 2008 to 2012. This decrease in MRSA SSI prevalence led to an overall decrease in SSI prevalence.
AHRQ-funded; HS023866.
Citation: Baker AW, Dicks KV, Durkin MJ .
Epidemiology of surgical site infection in a community hospital network.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016 May;37(5):519-26. doi: 10.1017/ice.2016.13.
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Keywords: Surgery, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Injuries and Wounds, Adverse Events, Risk, Hospitals
McElroy LM, Khorzad R, Nannicelli AP
Failure mode and effects analysis: a comparison of two common risk prioritisation methods.
The investigators compared a simplified scoring method with the traditional scoring method to determine the degree of congruence in identifying high-risk failures. They found that the simplified method did not result in the same degree of discrimination in the ranking of failures offered by the traditional method.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: McElroy LM, Khorzad R, Nannicelli AP .
Failure mode and effects analysis: a comparison of two common risk prioritisation methods.
BMJ Qual Saf 2016 May;25(5):329-36. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004130.
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Keywords: Adverse Events, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Outcomes, Patient Safety, Risk
Vargas GM, Sieloff EP, Parmar AD
Laparoscopy decreases complications for obese patients undergoing elective rectal surgery.
This paper's goal was to determine whether obese patients undergoing laparoscopic rectal surgery experienced the same benefits as non-obese patients. The researchers found that laparoscopic rectal surgery is associated with fewer complications when compared to open rectal surgery in both obese and non-obese patients, and that obesity was an independent risk factor for postoperative complications.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134.
Citation: Vargas GM, Sieloff EP, Parmar AD .
Laparoscopy decreases complications for obese patients undergoing elective rectal surgery.
Surg Endosc 2016 May;30(5):1826-32. doi: 10.1007/s00464-015-4463-8.
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Keywords: Adverse Events, Obesity, Risk, Surgery