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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 8 of 8 Research Studies DisplayedReid E, JM JM, Fiordalisi C
AHRQ Author: Chang S
NxGen evidence: redesigning the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Effective Health Care website to promote engagement, interactivity and usability of systematic reviews.
This Brief Methods Note critiques the current paper-based format for systematic reviews and describes the development of a next generation (NxGen) AHRQ EPC Effective Health Care website. The authors suggest that this redesigned platform will allow end-users of all types to find and share the evidence they need through data visualizations and other interactive displays. Several design principles guided the development of NxGen to make systematic review findings more accessible, customizable, adaptable, interactive, and shareable.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 290201700003C.
Citation: Reid E, JM JM, Fiordalisi C .
NxGen evidence: redesigning the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Effective Health Care website to promote engagement, interactivity and usability of systematic reviews.
Res Synth Methods 2021 Jan;12(1):118-23. doi: 10.1002/jrsm.1438..
Keywords: Research Methodologies, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Comparative Effectiveness
Lou Y, Cao J, Zhang S
Sample size calculations for time-averaged difference of longitudinal binary outcomes.
In this study, the researchers investigated sample size calculation for the comparison of time-averaged responses between treatment groups in clinical trials with longitudinally observed binary outcomes. Their simulation showed that the nominal power and type I error are well preserved over a wide range of design parameters. The researchers believe that theirs is the first study to consider the mixture of missing patterns in sample size calculation.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Lou Y, Cao J, Zhang S .
Sample size calculations for time-averaged difference of longitudinal binary outcomes.
Commun Stat Theory Methods 2017;46(1):344-53. doi: 10.1080/03610926.2014.991040.
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Keywords: Research Methodologies, Comparative Effectiveness, Outcomes
Butler M, Epstein RA, Totten A
AHRQ series on complex intervention systematic reviews-paper 3: adapting frameworks to develop protocols.
This article identifies and describes elements of frameworks and how they can be adapted to inform the protocol and conduct of systematic reviews of complex interventions. Possible approaches to analytic frameworks for complex interventions that illustrate causal and associative linkages are outlined, including time elements, which systematic reviews of complex interventions may need to address.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200004C; 290201500008I; 290201500005I; 290201500006I; 290201500010I.
Citation: Butler M, Epstein RA, Totten A .
AHRQ series on complex intervention systematic reviews-paper 3: adapting frameworks to develop protocols.
J Clin Epidemiol 2017 Oct;90:19-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.06.013.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Braun D, Gorfine M, Parmigiani G
Propensity scores with misclassified treatment assignment: a likelihood-based adjustment.
The researchers show that misclassification of treatment assignment can impact three distinct stages of a propensity score analysis. They examine how error in the treatment assignment impacts each stage in the context of three common propensity score implementations: subclassification, matching, and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). They propose a two-step likelihood-based approach which fully adjusts for treatment misclassification bias under subclassification
AHRQ-funded; HS021991.
Citation: Braun D, Gorfine M, Parmigiani G .
Propensity scores with misclassified treatment assignment: a likelihood-based adjustment.
Biostatistics 2017 Oct 1;18(4):695-710. doi: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxx014.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Landsittel DP, Kessler L, Schmid CH
Training in patient-centered outcomes research for specific researcher communities.
A number of publications have discussed approaches to training the scientific workforce in comparative effectiveness research (CER) and patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR). To extend these efforts into specific researcher communities, the AHRQ developed a Funding Opportunity Announcement that called for training for a specific researcher community in collaboration with associated program partners. This paper describes the strategies developed by the 5 subsequently funded programs, and the challenges associated with developing in-person and online programs.
AHRQ-funded; HS023214; HS023199; HS023299; HS023207; HS023185.
Citation: Landsittel DP, Kessler L, Schmid CH .
Training in patient-centered outcomes research for specific researcher communities.
J Clin Transl Sci 2017 Oct;1(5):278-84. doi: 10.1017/cts.2017.307.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies, Training
Garcia-Albeniz X, Hsu J, Hernan MA
The value of explicitly emulating a target trial when using real world evidence: an application to colorectal cancer screening.
Researchers reviewed a recent observational analysis that explicitly emulated a target trial of screening colonoscopy using insurance claims from U.S. Medicare. They then compared this explicit emulation with alternative, simpler observational analyses. This empirical comparison suggests that lack of an explicit emulation of the target trial leads to biased estimates, and shows that allowing for repeated eligibility increases the statistical efficiency of the estimates.
AHRQ-funded; HS023128.
Citation: Garcia-Albeniz X, Hsu J, Hernan MA .
The value of explicitly emulating a target trial when using real world evidence: an application to colorectal cancer screening.
Eur J Epidemiol 2017 Jun;32(6):495-500. doi: 10.1007/s10654-017-0287-2.
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Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Colonoscopy, Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Research Methodologies
Zhang S, Cao J, Ahn C
Inference and sample size calculation for clinical trials with incomplete observations of paired binary outcomes.
The researchers investigated the estimation of intervention effect and sample size determination for experiments where subjects are supposed to contribute paired binary outcomes with some incomplete observations. They theoretically prove that if incomplete data are evenly distributed between the pre-intervention and post-intervention periods, the proposed estimator will always be more efficient than the traditional estimator.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Zhang S, Cao J, Ahn C .
Inference and sample size calculation for clinical trials with incomplete observations of paired binary outcomes.
Stat Med 2017 Feb 20;36(4):581-91. doi: 10.1002/sim.7168.
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Keywords: Research Methodologies, Treatments, Comparative Effectiveness
Wang WJ, Robertson JC, Basu A
Burden of illness and research investments in translational sciences for pharmaceuticals in metastatic cancers.
This study explored whether investments in translational sciences for six metastatic cancers follow idiosyncratic returns to those investments rather than levels of burden of illness (BI). It concluded that investments in trials were positively associated only with contemporary changes in BI (2008-2014). The relationship was stronger for government-sponsored comparative-effectiveness trials than for industry.
AHRQ-funded; HS022982.
Citation: Wang WJ, Robertson JC, Basu A .
Burden of illness and research investments in translational sciences for pharmaceuticals in metastatic cancers.
J Comp Eff Res 2017 Jan;6(1):15-24. doi: 10.2217/cer-2016-0021.
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Keywords: Cancer, Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Research Methodologies