National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
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Topics
- Access to Care (93)
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- Quality Improvement (99)
- Quality Indicators (QIs) (23)
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- Quality of Care (170)
- Quality of Life (29)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (130)
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- Risk (125)
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- Screening (97)
- Sepsis (44)
- Sex Factors (10)
- Sexual Health (34)
- Sickle Cell Disease (11)
- Simulation (9)
- Skin Conditions (32)
- Sleep Problems (11)
- Social Determinants of Health (61)
- Social Media (1)
- Social Stigma (4)
- Stress (11)
- Stroke (28)
- Substance Abuse (71)
- Surgery (190)
- Surveys on Patient Safety Culture (3)
- Teams (20)
- TeamSTEPPS (1)
- Telehealth (86)
- Tobacco Use (11)
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- Transplantation (26)
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- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (41)
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- Vaccination (28)
- Vulnerable Populations (52)
- Women (125)
- Workflow (15)
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- Young Adults (11)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
2201 to 2212 of 2212 Research Studies DisplayedChu KH, Matheny SJ, Escobar-Viera CG
Smartphone health apps for tobacco cessation: a systematic review.
The objective of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate the types of studies that use smartphone apps for interventions in tobacco cessation. Findings showed that the majority of studies identified that use tobacco cessation apps as an intervention delivery modality were mostly at the pilot/feasibility stage. The growing field has resulted in studies that varied in methodologies, study design, and inclusion criteria. Recommendations included more consistency in intervention components and larger randomized controlled trials for tobacco cessation smartphone apps.
AHRQ-funded; HS022989.
Citation: Chu KH, Matheny SJ, Escobar-Viera CG .
Smartphone health apps for tobacco cessation: a systematic review.
Addict Behav 2021 Jan;112:106616. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106616..
Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Tobacco Use: Smoking Cessation, Tobacco Use, Evidence-Based Practice
Grosse SD, Ji X, Zuvekas
AHRQ Author: Zuvekas SH
Spending on young children with autism spectrum disorder in employer-sponsored plans, 2011-2017.
This study looked at spending trends on young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in employer-sponsored plans from 2011 to 2017. This cross-section analysis examined claims data from large-employer-sponsored health plans and assessed changes in annual expenditures by service type for children ages 3-5 enrolled for 1 year or more, and with two or more claims with ASD billing codes within a calendar year and compared it to all children. Mean spending per children with ASD increased by 51% in 2017 US dollars in 2017, while for all children the increase was 8%. ASD spending accounted for 41% of spending growth for children ages 3-7 during 2011-2017. Outpatient behavioral intervention-related spending increased by 376% during the time period, while spending on all other services increased by 2%.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Grosse SD, Ji X, Zuvekas .
Spending on young children with autism spectrum disorder in employer-sponsored plans, 2011-2017.
Psychiatr Serv 2021 Jan;72(1):16-22. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.202000099.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Autism, Health Insurance, Healthcare Costs
Lumpkin ST, Mihas P, Baldwin X
Surgical patient values frame and modify the impact of risk factors for non-routine postdischarge care: a mixed-methods study.
This mixed methods study looked at patient perspectives on risk factors of non-routine postdischarge care (emergency department visit or rehospitalization) for adult colorectal surgery patients. Surgery patients were identified from hospital records from 2017 to 2018. The authors enrolled 258 participants, surveyed 167, and interviewed 18. Depressive symptoms were found to be one of the many risk factors confirmed to increase non-routine health utilization.
AHRQ-funded; HS026363.
Citation: Lumpkin ST, Mihas P, Baldwin X .
Surgical patient values frame and modify the impact of risk factors for non-routine postdischarge care: a mixed-methods study.
Am J Surg 2021 Jan;221(1):195-203. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.05.016..
Keywords: Digestive Disease and Health, Surgery, Risk, Hospital Readmissions, Emergency Department
Stone CA, Trubiano JA, Phillips EJ
Testing strategies and predictors for evaluating immediate and delayed reactions to cephalosporins.
Although 1% to 2% of the general population carries a cephalosporin allergy label (CAL), there is a lack of validated testing strategies and predictors of true allergy. The objective of this study was to identify cross-reactivity patterns and predictors of skin test positive (STP) in geographically disparate patients with a CAL. The investigators found that cephalosporin cross-reactivity was based on shared R1 groupings. Increasing time since the original reaction and the presence of a PAL with unknown cephalosporin tolerance predicted a lower likelihood of cephalosporin STP.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Stone CA, Trubiano JA, Phillips EJ .
Testing strategies and predictors for evaluating immediate and delayed reactions to cephalosporins.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2021 Jan;9(1):435-44e13. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.07.056..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Medication, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Skin Conditions, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Fraiman YS, Wojcik MH
The influence of social determinants of health on the genetic diagnostic odyssey: who remains undiagnosed, why, and to what effect?
This review article synthesizes the available evidence regarding population disparities in genetic testing for pediatric rare disease diagnosis and identifies gaps in care. The influence of social determinants of health is known, but this study’s goal is to examine the prevalence and nature of disparities in diagnostic testing. It synthesizes the available evidence regarding disparities, defining the need for further, prospective studies.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Fraiman YS, Wojcik MH .
The influence of social determinants of health on the genetic diagnostic odyssey: who remains undiagnosed, why, and to what effect?
Pediatr Res 2021 Jan;89(2):295-300. doi: 10.1038/s41390-020-01151-5..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Social Determinants of Health, Genetics, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Screening, Disparities
Cohen C, Baird M, Koirola N
The surgical and anesthesia workforce and provision of surgical services in rural communities: a mixed-methods examination.
This mixed-methods study described the distribution of the surgical and anesthesia workforce and qualitatively explored how such workforce and other factors influenced rural hospitals' provision of surgical services. Using American Hospital Association survey data, the researchers found that within rural counties, 55.1% had no surgeon, 81.2% had no anesthesiologist, and 58.1% had no Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist. While rural hospitals reported meeting community needs for elective and noncomplex surgeries, these hospitals continued to face significant challenges providing subspecialty surgeries, emergency surgeries, and 24-hour obstetrical services.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Cohen C, Baird M, Koirola N .
The surgical and anesthesia workforce and provision of surgical services in rural communities: a mixed-methods examination.
J Rural Health 2021 Jan;37(1):45-54. doi: 10.1111/jrh.12417..
Keywords: Rural Health, Access to Care, Surgery, Workforce, Provider: Physician, Provider: Nurse, Provider, Hospitals
Lee BY, Bartsch SM, Ferguson MC
The value of decreasing the duration of the infectious period of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.
Researchers developed a computational model of the U.S. simulating the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the potential clinical and economic impact of reducing the infectious period duration. They reported that their study quantifies the potential effects of reducing the SARS-CoV-2 infectious period duration.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Lee BY, Bartsch SM, Ferguson MC .
The value of decreasing the duration of the infectious period of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.
PLoS Comput Biol 2021 Jan;17(1):e1008470. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008470..
Keywords: COVID-19, Respiratory Conditions, Public Health, Prevention, Infectious Diseases
Chambers EC, McAuliff KE, Heller CG
Toward understanding social needs among primary care patients with uncontrolled diabetes.
This study examined the relationship between unmet social needs and diabetes among a predominantly Black and Hispanic patient population in a large urban hospital system in Bronx, New York. A total of 5846 patients with diabetes seen at a primary care visit between April 2018 and December 2019 were included and completed a social needs screener. Twenty-two percent of the patient sample had at least 1 unmet social need, with the most prevalent unmet needs being housing issues, food insecurity, and lack of healthcare transportation. Patients with more unmet needs had a greater likelihood of uncontrolled diabetes, with lack of healthcare transportation and food insecurity having the greatest likelihood.
AHRQ-funded; HS026396.
Citation: Chambers EC, McAuliff KE, Heller CG .
Toward understanding social needs among primary care patients with uncontrolled diabetes.
J Prim Care Community Health 2021 Jan-Dec;12:2150132720985044. doi: 10.1177/2150132720985044..
Keywords: Diabetes, Chronic Conditions, Primary Care, Vulnerable Populations, Social Determinants of Health
Zmora R, Statz TL, Birkeland RW
Transitioning to long-term care: family caregiver experiences of dementia, communities, and counseling.
Previous analyses of interventions targeting relationships between family caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias and residential long-term care (RLTC) staff showed modest associations with caregiver outcomes. This analysis aimed to better understand interpersonal and contextual factors that influence caregiver-staff relationships and identify targets for future interventions to improve these relationships.
AHRQ-funded; HS022836.
Citation: Zmora R, Statz TL, Birkeland RW .
Transitioning to long-term care: family caregiver experiences of dementia, communities, and counseling.
J Aging Health 2021 Jan;33(1-2):133-46. doi: 10.1177/0898264320963588..
Keywords: Elderly, Caregiving, Dementia, Transitions of Care, Long-Term Care, Chronic Conditions
Fraze TK, Beidler LB, Briggs ADM
Translating evidence into practice: ACOs' use of care plans for patients with complex health needs.
Researchers sought to understand how Medicare accountable care organizations (ACOs) use care plans to manage patients with complex clinical needs. After conducting semi-structured interviews with Medicare ACOs, they found that ACOs were using care plans for patients with complex needs, but their use of care plans did not always meet the best practices; ACOs were adapting use of care plans to better fit the needs of patients and providers.
AHRQ-funded; HS024075.
Citation: Fraze TK, Beidler LB, Briggs ADM .
Translating evidence into practice: ACOs' use of care plans for patients with complex health needs.
J Gen Intern Med 2021 Jan;36(1):147-53. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06122-4..
Keywords: Implementation, Evidence-Based Practice, Medicare, Health Insurance, Healthcare Delivery
Valentine KD, Mancini B, Vo H
Using standardized videos to examine the validity of the shared decision making process scale: results of a randomized online experiment.
The Shared Decision Making (SDM) Process scale is a brief, patient-reported measure of SDM with demonstrated validity in surgical decision-making studies. In this study, the investigators examined the validity of the scores in assessing SDM for cancer screening and medication decisions through standardized videos of good-quality and poor-quality SDM consultations. The investigators concluded that SDM process scores showed good evidence of validity in a hypothetical scenario but were lacking in ability to classify good-quality or poor-quality videos accurately.
AHRQ-funded; HSO25718.
Citation: Valentine KD, Mancini B, Vo H .
Using standardized videos to examine the validity of the shared decision making process scale: results of a randomized online experiment.
Med Decis Making 2022 Jan;42(1):105-13. doi: 10.1177/0272989x211029267..
Keywords: Decision Making, Patient and Family Engagement
Sharma AE, Yang J, Del Rosario JB
What safety events are reported for ambulatory care? Analysis of incident reports from a Patient Safety Organization.
Health care staff document patient safety events using incident reporting systems, which are compiled within Patient Safety Organization databases. In this study, researchers sought to describe the patterns and characteristics of incident reporting behaviors for ambulatory care from in-situ reporting systems from the United States. The investigators concluded that outpatient reporting systems were limited for primary care and home/community settings, but ambulatory care systems reported more harmful events related to diagnosis and patient and caregiver challenges.
AHRQ-funded; HS21322.
Citation: Sharma AE, Yang J, Del Rosario JB .
What safety events are reported for ambulatory care? Analysis of incident reports from a Patient Safety Organization.
Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2021 Jan;47(1):5-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjq.2020.08.010..
Keywords: Patient Safety, Ambulatory Care and Surgery