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Research Studies is a monthly compilation of research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers and recently published in journals or newsletters.
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1 to 25 of 201 Research Studies DisplayedBarry MJ, Wolff TA, Pbert L
Putting evidence into practice: an update on the US Preventive Services Task Force methods for developing recommendations for preventive services
The purpose of this study was to outline the current methodologies employed by the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) evidence-based recommendations regarding preventive services to improve health for people nationwide, discuss the evolution of these methods to address health equity in preventive care, and identify areas requiring further research. The researchers found that the USPSTF selects subjects based on disease impact, the availability of novel evidence, and the feasibility of implementing the service within primary care settings. In the future, health equity will be increasingly taken into account. Analytical frameworks delineate the crucial questions and associations linking preventive measures to health outcomes. Contextual inquiries offer insights into the natural course of diseases, prevailing practices, health outcomes in vulnerable populations, and health equity considerations. The USPSTF allocates a certainty level to the net benefit estimation of a preventive service (high, moderate, or low) and assesses the net benefit magnitude (considerable, moderate, minimal, or none/negative). Utilizing these evaluations, the USPSTF assigns an alphabetic grade ranging from A (endorse) to D (advise against). When evidence is inadequate, an "I" statement is issued. The USPSTF aims to further refine its simulation modeling techniques and apply evidence to address conditions with limited data in populations disproportionately affected by disease. The authors concluded that exploratory efforts are in progress to gain a deeper understanding of the relationships between social constructs such as race, ethnicity, and gender and their impact on health outcomes, ultimately informing the creation of a USPSTF health equity framework.
Citation: Barry MJ, Wolff TA, Pbert L .
Putting evidence into practice: an update on the US Preventive Services Task Force methods for developing recommendations for preventive services
Ann Fam Med 2023 Mar-Apr;21(2):165-71. doi: 10.1370/afm.2946.
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Prevention, Screening
Mills J, Harding MC
Screening for obstructive sleep apnea in adults.
This Putting Prevention into Practice case study was created to increase understanding of the USPSTF final recommendation on screening for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults. A case study was presented using a 41-year-old man with a history of class 1 obesity but was otherwise feeling well. The patient has an uncle who was recently diagnosed with OSA, and the patient has some questions. Three multiple-choice questions are presented regarding USPSTF recommendations whether to screen for OSA for that patient.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mills J, Harding MC .
Screening for obstructive sleep apnea in adults.
Am Fam Physician 2023 Mar;107(3):297-98.
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Sleep Problems, Guidelines, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice, Case Study
Asher GN, Feltner C, Harrison WN
Serologic screening for genital herpes: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
Genital herpes, a viral sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) subtypes HSV-1 or HSV-2, is a prevalent STI in the US. Early identification of unrecognized HSV-2 infection could reduce transmission and morbidity. In 2016, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended against routine serologic screening for genital herpes in asymptomatic individuals. This updated evidence report aimed to identify studies published since the previous 2016 evidence review. A literature search was conducted from September 30, 2015, through January 16, 2022, with ongoing surveillance through July 22, 2022. The review identified no new eligible studies, leading to unchanged overall conclusions from the 2016 recommendation against screening. The prior recommendation was based on psychosocial harms from false-positive test results due to poor screening test accuracy and uncertain benefit of preventive viral medications for reducing viral shedding or improving health outcomes. The review focused on the general population of asymptomatic adolescents and adults and may not be applicable to populations at higher risk for infection, such as those with HIV or other immunosuppressive conditions.
AHRQ-funded; 75Q80120D00007.
Citation: Asher GN, Feltner C, Harrison WN .
Serologic screening for genital herpes: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2023 Feb 14; 329(6):510-12. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.20356..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, Screening, Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice, Prevention
Tracer H, Barnhart H
Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults.
In this Putting Prevention into Practice case study to increase understanding of the USPSTF final recommendation on statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults, a 66-year-old woman presents for a wellness visit. The patient’s smoking history, blood pressure, VMI, and cholesterol levels are described. Three multiple-choice questions are presented regarding when to initiate statin use, and other information provided in the final recommendation.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Tracer H, Barnhart H .
Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults.
Am Fam Physician 2023 Feb; 107(2):185-86..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Medication, Prevention
Mills J, Barnhart H
Screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents.
This Putting Prevention into Practice case study is used to increase understanding of the USPSTF final recommendation on screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. A case study was presented using a 12-year-old-patient with no specific concerns but had gained 18 pounds since their last wellness visit and lives a sedentary lifestyle. The patient’s family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus in maternal and paternal grandparents is described. Three multiple-choice questions are presented regarding harms and benefits of screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes for that patient.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mills J, Barnhart H .
Screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents.
Am Fam Physician 2023 Jan; 107(1):79-80..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Children/Adolescents, Diabetes, Screening, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Prevention, Chronic Conditions, Case Study
Feltnerl. C, Wallace IF, Aymes S
Screening for obstructive sleep apnea in adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The purpose of this study was to examine the evidence on screening for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in asymptomatic adults or those with unrecognized OSA symptoms to inform the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. The researchers utilized data from PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, and trial registries through August 23, 2021 and surveillance data through September 23, 2022. The main outcomes were accuracy, excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep-related and general health-related quality of life (QOL), and harms. Eighty-six studies were included (N = 11,051), researchers finding that no study directly compared screening with no screening. Five studies evaluating the accuracy of other screening tools provided inconsistent results. When compared with inactive control, positive airway pressure was associated with a significant improvement in ESS score from baseline, sleep-related QOL, and general health-related QOL measured by the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) mental health component summary score change, and SF-36 physical health component summary score change. When compared with controls, utilization of mandibular advancement devices was also related with a significantly larger ESS score change. Reporting of other health outcomes was scarce; no trial included in the study found significant benefit related with treatment on mortality, cardiovascular events, or motor vehicle crashes. In 3 systematic reviews, positive airway pressure was significantly associated with reduced blood pressure; but the difference was relatively small. The researchers concluded that the accuracy and clinical usefulness of OSA screening tools was unclear.
Citation: Feltnerl. C, Wallace IF, Aymes S .
Screening for obstructive sleep apnea in adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2022 Nov 15;328(19):1951-71. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.18357..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Sleep Problems, Screening, Evidence-Based Practice, Prevention
Gartlehner G, Patel SV, Reddy S
Hormone therapy for the primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal persons: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
This US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation is an updated evidence report and systematic review on the use of hormone therapy in postmenopausal persons for the primary prevention of chronic conditions. The reviewers included 20 trials (N = 39,145) and 3 cohort studies (N = 1,155,410) from a dual review of abstracts, full-text articles, and study quality. Harms and benefits were compared for participants using estrogen only compared with estrogen plus progestin. Participants using estrogen only compared with placebo had significantly lower risks for diabetes and fractures, but increased for gallbladder disease over 7.1 years, stroke over 7.2 years, venous thromboembolism over 7.2 years and urinary incontinence over 1 year. For participants using estrogen plus progestin some benefits were found, but there was also an increased risk of harms significantly for invasive breast cancer, gallbladder disease, venous thromboembolism, probable dementia, and urinary incontinence.
AHRQ-funded; 75Q80120D00007.
Citation: Gartlehner G, Patel SV, Reddy S .
Hormone therapy for the primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal persons: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2022 Nov 1;328(17):1747-65. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.18324..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Chronic Conditions, Women
Tracer H, Justus M
Vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin supplementation to prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer.
This Putting Prevention into Practice case study is used to increase understanding of the USPSTF final recommendation on vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin supplementation to prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer. A case study was presented using a 53-year-old-patient with no significant history presenting for a wellness visit. The patient’s 10-year cardiovascular risk and BMI are described. Three multiple-choice questions are presented regarding harms and benefits, and recommendations not to use supplementation to prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Tracer H, Justus M .
Vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin supplementation to prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Am Fam Physician 2022 Nov;106(5):565-66..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cardiovascular Conditions, Cancer, Vitamins and Supplements, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines
Viswanathan M, Wallace IF, Cook Middleton J
Screening for depression and suicide risk in children and adolescents: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The authors sought to review the evidence on screening for depression or suicide risk in children and adolescents to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. They found indirect evidence that suggested some screening instruments were reasonably accurate for detecting depression. Further, psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy were associated with some benefits and no statistically significant harms for depression, but the evidence was limited for suicide risk screening instruments and interventions.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500011I.
Citation: Viswanathan M, Wallace IF, Cook Middleton J .
Screening for depression and suicide risk in children and adolescents: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2022 Oct 18;328(15):1543-56. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.16310..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Children/Adolescents, Depression, Behavioral Health, Screening, Primary Care, Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice, Prevention
Viswanathan M, Wallace IF, Cook Middleton J
Screening for anxiety in children and adolescents: evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The purpose of this paper was to review the evidence on screening for anxiety in children and adolescents to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. Indirect evidence of findings suggested that some screening instruments were reasonably accurate. Cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy were associated with benefits; no statistically significant association with harms was reported.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500011I, 75Q80120D00007.
Citation: Viswanathan M, Wallace IF, Cook Middleton J .
Screening for anxiety in children and adolescents: evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2022 Oct 11;328(14):1445-55. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.16303..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Children/Adolescents, Anxiety, Behavioral Health, Primary Care, Screening, Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice, Prevention
Henninger ML, Bean SI, Lin JS
Screening for syphilis infection in nonpregnant adults and adolescents: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the available published evidence on the potential benefits and harms of screening for syphilis infection in non-pregnant, asymptomatic adults and adolescents at increased risk for syphilis infection, for the purpose of supporting the 2022 United States Prevention Services Task Force recommendations statement on screening for syphilis infection.
AHRQ-funded; 75Q80120D00004.
Citation: Henninger ML, Bean SI, Lin JS .
Screening for syphilis infection in nonpregnant adults and adolescents: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2022 Sep 27;328(12):1250-52. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.8612..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Screening, Prevention, Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, Evidence-Based Practice
Jonas DE, Vander Schaaf EB, Riley S
Screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents: evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The purpose of this study was to explore the evidence on the benefits and harms of screening children and adolescents for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). The researchers utilized references; experts; literature surveillance, and PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and trial registries. The final review included 8 publications with 856 participants with a mean age of 14 years. The researchers found that none of the eligible studies directly assessed the benefits or harms of preventive screening. The limited eligible clinical trials reported few health outcomes and found no difference between groups.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500007I.
Citation: Jonas DE, Vander Schaaf EB, Riley S .
Screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents: evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2022 Sep 13;328(10):968-79. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.7957..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Children/Adolescents, Diabetes, Screening, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines
Chou R, Cantor A, Dana T
Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The purpose of this study was to update the 2016 review on statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). The researchers utilized the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (to November 2021), Ovid, and MEDLINE, and selected 26 randomized clinical trials on statins vs placebo or no statin and statin intensity in adults without prior cardiovascular events. The researchers found that statins were significantly associated with decreased risk of all-cause mortality absolute risk difference [ARD], stroke, myocardial infarction, and composite cardiovascular outcomes. The association with cardiovascular mortality was determined not to be statistically significant. Statin therapy was not significantly associated with increased risk of serious adverse events, myalgias, or elevated alanine aminotransferase level. Statin therapy was not significantly associated with increased diabetes risk overall, although 1 trial found high-intensity statin therapy was significantly associated with increased risk. The researchers concluded that statin therapy for primary prevention of CVD was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality and CVD events for adults with increased of risk of CVD, but without prior CVD events.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500007I.
Citation: Chou R, Cantor A, Dana T .
Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2022 Aug 23;328(8):754-71. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.12138..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cardiovascular Conditions, Medication, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice
Patnode CD, Redmond N, Iacocca MO
Behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthy diet and physical activity for cardiovascular disease prevention in adults without known cardiovascular disease risk factors: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Serv
This paper’s objective was to synthesize the evidence on benefits and harms of behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthy diet and physical activity in adults without known cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors to inform a USPSTF recommendation. Findings showed that healthy diet and physical activity behavioral counseling interventions for persons without a known risk of CVD were associated with small but statistically significant benefits across a variety of important intermediate health outcomes and small to moderate effects on dietary and physical activity behaviors.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500007I.
Citation: Patnode CD, Redmond N, Iacocca MO .
Behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthy diet and physical activity for cardiovascular disease prevention in adults without known cardiovascular disease risk factors: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Serv
JAMA 2022 Jul 26;328(4):375-88. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.7408..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Lifestyle Changes, Cardiovascular Conditions, Risk, Prevention, Nutrition
Peaker B, Biondokin E
Screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea.
In this Putting Prevention into Practice case study, a 20-year-old woman presents for a wellness examination. She states that she has no health concerns, does not have a history of any sexually transmitted infections, and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or drugs. Last year, she began taking oral contraceptives and reports regular monthly menses. Three multiple-choice questions are presented, followed by their answers.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Peaker B, Biondokin E .
Screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea.
Am Fam Physician 2022 Jul;106(1):81-82..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Guidelines, Screening, Prevention, Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, Case Study
O'Connor EA, Evans CV, Ivlev I
Vitamin and mineral supplements for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
This evidence report and systematic review updated the 2013 USPSTF final recommendation to assess benefits and harms of using vitamin and mineral supplements for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. After an extensive literature review, 84 studies were included. While multivitamin use was significantly associated with a lower incidence of any cancer and lung cancer, the evidence had serious limitations. Beta carotene was significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer and cardiovascular mortality. Vitamins D and E were not significantly associated with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease events, or cancer incidence. Evidence for the benefit of other supplements was equivocal, minimal, or absent. There was limited evidence that suggested some supplements may be associated with higher risk of serious harms (hip fracture [vitamin A], hemorrhagic stroke [vitamin E], and kidney stones [vitamin C, calcium]).
AHRQ-funded; 290201500007I.
Citation: O'Connor EA, Evans CV, Ivlev I .
Vitamin and mineral supplements for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2022 Jun 21;327(23):2334-47. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.15650..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Vitamins and Supplements, Cardiovascular Conditions, Cancer, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice
Tracer H, VanHouten JP
Screening for atrial fibrillation.
This purpose of this Putting Prevention Into Practice (PPIP) case study and quiz is to provide an overview of practice recommendations regarding atrial fibrillation screening. It is based on the recommendations of the United States Preventive Services Task Force, with Howard Tracer, MD, Medical Officer, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Program, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, as lead author.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Tracer H, VanHouten JP .
Screening for atrial fibrillation.
Am Fam Physician 2022 Jun;105(6):659-60..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Screening, Prevention, Case Study
Chou R, Selph S, Blazina I
Screening for glaucoma in adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
This evidence report and systematic review updated the 2013 USPSTF final recommendation to assess benefits and harms of screening for primary open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in adults. After an extensive literature review, 83 studies were included (30 trials and 53 diagnostic accuracy studies). One randomized clinical trial (RCT) found screening of frail elderly persons associated with no difference in vision outcomes vs no screening but with significantly greater falls risk. There was limited direct evidence on glaucoma screening, with no association of benefits.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500011I.
Citation: Chou R, Selph S, Blazina I .
Screening for glaucoma in adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2022 May 24;327(20):1998-2012. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.6290..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Screening, Eye Disease and Health, Prevention, Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice
Guirguis-Blake JM, Evans CV, Perdue LA
Aspirin use to prevent cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
This evidence summary reviewed the benefits and harms of aspirin in primary cardiovascular disease (CVD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention to accompany the final recommendation and evidence review of the US Preventive Services Task Force. A literature review was conducted of English-language randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of low-dose aspirin compared with placebo or no intervention in primary prevention populations. Aspirin was found not to be significantly associated with reductions in CVD mortality or all-cause mortality. There was limited trial evidence on benefits for CRC, with the findings highly variable by length of follow-up and statistically significant only when considering long-term observational follow-up beyond randomized trial periods. Low-dose aspirin was associated with significant increases in total major bleeding and in site-specific bleeding.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500007I.
Citation: Guirguis-Blake JM, Evans CV, Perdue LA .
Aspirin use to prevent cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2022 Apr 26;327(16):1585-97. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.3337..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cardiovascular Conditions, Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cancer, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice
Dehmer SP, O'Keefe LR, Evans CV
Aspirin use to prevent cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer: updated modeling study for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The purpose of the study was to develop, model, and report estimates of the harms from and benefits of the use of low-dose aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and colorectal cancer (CRC.) The researchers developed and used a simulation model to provide estimates for hypothetical United States cohorts of men and women between the ages of forty and seventy-nine years without a previous history of elevated bleeding risks or CVD, and up to a 20% 10-year risk for a CVD event. The model focused on the routine, lifetime use of low-dose aspirin with 5-year intervals of no use between 65 and 85 years of age. The study’s primary outcome was lifetime net benefit which was measured in life-years and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs.) Harms included an increase in nonfatal intracranial hemorrhage and gastrointestinal bleeding, and benefits included a reduction in nonfatal ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. The study found that the estimated lifetime net quality-adjusted life-years was positive for men and women with 5% or more 10-year CVD risk when they started use between the ages of 40-59 years, and for men and women with 10% or greater 10-year CVD risk when starting between the ages of 60 and 69 years. The estimated lifetime net life-years were mostly negative for those starting low-dose aspirin use between 60 and 79 years of age. Five-year intervals of stopping use between 65 and 85 years of age did not provide a significant advantage to lifetime use. The researchers concluded that the routine, lifetime use of low-dose aspirin may benefit several population groups, with the largest estimated benefit in those with greater 10-year CVD risk who begin routine, low-dose aspirin dosage at younger ages.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500007I.
Citation: Dehmer SP, O'Keefe LR, Evans CV .
Aspirin use to prevent cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer: updated modeling study for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2022 Apr 26;327(16):1598-607. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.3385..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Prevention, Cardiovascular Conditions, Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cancer, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice
Mabry-Hernandez IR, Legg M
Behavioral counseling interventions for healthy weight and weight gain in pregnancy.
This AHRQ-authored Putting Prevention Into Practice (PPIP) article is a quiz on the Behavioral Counseling Interventions for Healthy Weight and Weight Gain in Pregnancy U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation. Three questions are included with the answers and references at the end of the quiz. The questions are 1) Under what circumstances should physicians offer behavioral interventions; 2) What is the recommended gestational weight gain for the case study patient; and 3) Which of the 3 approaches to promote healthy weight gain during pregnancy are correct for the patient?
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mabry-Hernandez IR, Legg M .
Behavioral counseling interventions for healthy weight and weight gain in pregnancy.
Am Fam Physician 2022 Feb;105(2):187-88..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Pregnancy, Prevention, Women, Case Study, Evidence-Based Practice
Thomas TW, Golin CE, Kinlaw AC
Did the 2015 USPSTF abnormal blood glucose recommendations change clinician attitudes or behaviors? A mixed-method assessment.
In 2015, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) revised clinical recommendations to more broadly recommend abnormal blood glucose screening and more clearly recommend referral to behavioral interventions for adults with prediabetes. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of the 2015 USPSTF recommendation changes on abnormal blood glucose screening and referral to behavioral interventions, and to examine physicians' perceptions of the revised recommendation.
AHRQ-funded; HS025561; HS000032.
Citation: Thomas TW, Golin CE, Kinlaw AC .
Did the 2015 USPSTF abnormal blood glucose recommendations change clinician attitudes or behaviors? A mixed-method assessment.
J Gen Intern Med 2022 Jan;37(1):15-22. doi: 10.1007/s11606-021-06749-x..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Diabetes, Screening, Guidelines, Prevention
Lin JS, Hoffman L, Bean SI
Addressing racism in preventive services: methods report to support the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The purpose of this report was to articulate the definitional and conceptual issues around racism and health inequity and to describe how racism and health inequities are currently addressed in preventive health. An audit was conducted assessing published literature on policy and position statements addressing racism, a subset of cancer and cardiovascular topics in USPSTF reports, recent systematic reviews on interventions to reduce health inequities, and societies, organizations, agencies, and funding bodies to gather information about how they address racism and health equity. Findings showed that racism is complex and pervasive, operates at multiple interrelated levels, and exerts negative effects on other social determinants and health and well-being through multiple pathways. The most directly relevant and immediately useful guidance identified is that from the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) working group.
AHRQ-funded; 290201600006C.
Citation: Lin JS, Hoffman L, Bean SI .
Addressing racism in preventive services: methods report to support the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2021 Dec 21;326(23):2412-20. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.17579..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Social Determinants of Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Research Methodologies, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice
Chou R, Pappas M, Dana T
Screening and interventions to prevent dental caries in children younger than 5 years: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The purpose of this evidence review was to update the 2014 review on dental caries screening and preventive interventions to inform the USPSTF. Findings showed no direct evidence on benefits and harms of primary care oral health screening or referral to dentist, while dietary fluoride supplementation and fluoride varnish were associated with improved caries outcomes in higher-risk children and settings.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500009I.
Citation: Chou R, Pappas M, Dana T .
Screening and interventions to prevent dental caries in children younger than 5 years: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2021 Dec 7;326(21):2179-92. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.15658..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Children/Adolescents, Dental and Oral Health, Screening, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Prevention
Mills J, Mohnot S
Screening for gestational diabetes.
This “Putting Prevention into Practice: An Evidence Based Approach” paper is a case study with questions and answers related to a patient with gestational diabetes.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mills J, Mohnot S .
Screening for gestational diabetes.
Am Fam Physician 2021 Dec 1;104(6):641-42..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Diabetes, Pregnancy, Screening, Prevention, Women, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Case Study
