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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
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1 to 5 of 5 Research Studies DisplayedJarman MP, Pollack Porter K, Curriero FC
Factors mediating demographic determinants of injury mortality.
The authors investigated the role of injury characteristics and access to trauma care as mediators of the relationships between race, ethnicity, sex, and injury mortality. They found that distance, injury characteristics, and insurance mediate the effects of demographic characteristics on injury mortality and appear to contribute to disparities in injury mortality.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Jarman MP, Pollack Porter K, Curriero FC .
Factors mediating demographic determinants of injury mortality.
Ann Epidemiol 2019 Jun;34:58-64.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.03.013..
Keywords: Access to Care, Disparities, Injuries and Wounds, Mortality, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sex Factors, Social Determinants of Health, Trauma
Marcolini EG, Albrecht JS, Sethuraman KN
Gender disparities in trauma care: how sex determines treatment, behavior, and outcome.
This study used US and European trauma database statistics, including the National Trauma Databank, to examine sex disparities in trauma care. Their findings indicate that sex differences in risk-taking behaviors that lead to traumatic injury have been associated with males, with female menstrual cycle timing, and with cortisol levels. Differences in access to services at trauma centers, including triage or transfer and level of medical attention are associated with sex as well race, rural or urban location, and insurance status. Outcomes, such as in-hospital mortality, multiple organ failure, pneumonia, and sepsis are associated with sex disparities in the general trauma patient; outcomes after general trauma and specifically traumatic brain injury show mixed results.
AHRQ-funded; HS024560.
Citation: Marcolini EG, Albrecht JS, Sethuraman KN .
Gender disparities in trauma care: how sex determines treatment, behavior, and outcome.
Anesthesiol Clin 2019 Mar;37(1):107-17. doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2018.09.007..
Keywords: Access to Care, Disparities, Injuries and Wounds, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Risk, Sex Factors, Trauma
Tung EL, Hampton DA, Kolak M
Race/ethnicity and geographic access to urban trauma care.
The goal of this study was to examine racial/ethnic differences in geographic access to trauma care in Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York City using census tract data from the 2015 American Community Survey. The role of residential segregation and neighborhood poverty was also considered. Small-area analyses were conducted to assess trauma desert status; ‘trauma desert’ was defined as a travel distance greater than 8 km to the nearest adult level I or level II trauma center. The results for each city’s census tracts and racial/ethnic categories were compared.
AHRQ-funded; HS023007.
Citation: Tung EL, Hampton DA, Kolak M .
Race/ethnicity and geographic access to urban trauma care.
JAMA Netw Open 2019 Mar;2(3):e190138. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0138..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Urban Health, Access to Care, Trauma, Disparities
Jarman MP, Haut ER, Curriero FC
Mapping areas with concentrated risk of trauma mortality: a first step toward mitigating geographic and socioeconomic disparities in trauma.
This study sought to classify injury event locations based on features of the built and social environment at the injury scene, and to examine patterns in individual patient demographics, injury characteristics, and mortality by location class. The investigators concluded identification of location classes may be useful for targeted primary prevention and treatment interventions, both by identifying geographic areas with the highest risk of injury mortality and by identifying patterns of individual risk within location classes.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Jarman MP, Haut ER, Curriero FC .
Mapping areas with concentrated risk of trauma mortality: a first step toward mitigating geographic and socioeconomic disparities in trauma.
J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2018 Jul;85(1):54-61. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001883..
Keywords: Disparities, Injuries and Wounds, Mortality, Social Determinants of Health, Trauma
Carr BG, Bowman AJ, Wolff CS
Disparities in access to trauma care in the United States: a population-based analysis.
This study examined the association between geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic factors and trauma center access, with subgroup analyses of urban-rural disparities. It concluded that, while the majority of the United States has access to trauma care within an hour, almost 30 million US residents do not. Significant disparities in access were evident for vulnerable populations defined by insurance status, income, and rurality.
AHRQ-funded; HS017960.
Citation: Carr BG, Bowman AJ, Wolff CS .
Disparities in access to trauma care in the United States: a population-based analysis.
Injury 2017 Feb;48(2):332-38. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.01.008.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Disparities, Health Services Research (HSR), Social Determinants of Health, Trauma