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Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (1)
- Adverse Events (1)
- Arthritis (1)
- Asthma (1)
- Blood Thinners (1)
- Cancer (1)
- Children/Adolescents (1)
- (-) Comparative Effectiveness (6)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 6 of 6 Research Studies DisplayedHerrin J, Abraham NS, Yao X
Comparative effectiveness of machine learning approaches for predicting gastrointestinal bleeds in patients receiving antithrombotic treatment.
The purpose of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to compare the performance of 3 machine learning approaches with the commonly-used HAS-BLED (hypertension, abnormal kidney and liver function, stroke, bleeding, labile international normalized ratio, older age, and drug or alcohol use) risk score in predicting antithrombotic-related gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). The machine-learning models were regularized Cox proportional hazards regression (RegCox), random survival forests, and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). Findings showed that the machine learning models revealed similar performance in identifying patients at high risk for GIB after being prescribed antithrombotic agents. Two models (RegCox and XGBoost) performed modestly better than the HAS-BLED score.
AHRQ-funded; HS025402.
Citation: Herrin J, Abraham NS, Yao X .
Comparative effectiveness of machine learning approaches for predicting gastrointestinal bleeds in patients receiving antithrombotic treatment.
JAMA Netw Open 2021 May;4(5):e2110703. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.10703..
Keywords: Blood Thinners, Medication, Risk, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Medication: Safety, Patient Safety, Comparative Effectiveness
Curtis JR, Sarsour K, Napalkov P
Incidence and complications of interstitial lung disease in users of tocilizumab, rituximab, abatacept and anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents, a retrospective cohort study.
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common extra-articular condition in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but few studies have systematically investigated its incidence and risk factors in patients receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNFα) agents or alternate mechanisms of action (MOAs). After examining 13,795 episodes of biologic exposure in 11,219 patients, researchers found no significant differences in the risk of ILD and its related complications between RA patients receiving anti-TNFα agents and those receiving alternate MOA agents.
AHRQ-funded; HS018517.
Citation: Curtis JR, Sarsour K, Napalkov P .
Incidence and complications of interstitial lung disease in users of tocilizumab, rituximab, abatacept and anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents, a retrospective cohort study.
Arthritis Res Ther 2015 Nov 11;17:319. doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0835-7..
Keywords: Arthritis, Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Respiratory Conditions, Risk
Polgreen LA, Cook EA, Brooks JM
Increased statin prescribing does not lower pneumonia risk.
The objective of this study was to determine if the observed protective effects of statins against pneumonia are a result of nonrandom treatment assignment rather than a direct effect of the medication. It found that in at least 1 major population of statin users the protective effects of statins against pneumonia disappear once nonrandom treatment assignment is accounted for.
AHRQ-funded; HS018381.
Citation: Polgreen LA, Cook EA, Brooks JM .
Increased statin prescribing does not lower pneumonia risk.
Clin Infect Dis 2015 Jun 15;60(12):1760-6. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ190..
Keywords: Medication, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Risk, Comparative Effectiveness
Ko EM, Sturmer T, Hong JL
Metformin and the risk of endometrial cancer: a population-based cohort study.
The researchers sought to estimate the risk of incident endometrial cancer in women who were new users of metformin compared to new users of sulfonylureas. They did not find a difference in cancer incidence in new initiators of metformin compared with sulfonylureas in the population under study.
AHRQ-funded; HS017950.
Citation: Ko EM, Sturmer T, Hong JL .
Metformin and the risk of endometrial cancer: a population-based cohort study.
Gynecol Oncol 2015 Feb;136(2):341-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.12.001..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Cancer, Medication, Risk
Schelleman H, Han X, Brensinger CM
Pharmacoepidemiologic and in vitro evaluation of potential drug-drug interactions of sulfonylureas with fibrates and statins.
This study examined whether initiation of fibrates or statins in sulfonylurea users is associated with hypoglycemia and in vitro inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes by statins, fenofibrate and glipizide. It found that use of fenofibrate or gemfibrozil together with glyburide was associated with
elevated overall risks of serious hypoglycemia.
elevated overall risks of serious hypoglycemia.
AHRQ-funded; HS019818.
Citation: Schelleman H, Han X, Brensinger CM .
Pharmacoepidemiologic and in vitro evaluation of potential drug-drug interactions of sulfonylureas with fibrates and statins.
Br J Clin Pharmacol 2014 Sep;78(3):639-48. doi: 10.1111/bcp.12353..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Risk
Wu AC, Li L, Fung V
Use of leukotriene receptor antagonists are associated with a similar risk of asthma exacerbations as inhaled corticosteroids.
The researchers compared the effectiveness of different controller medication regimens under real-life conditions. They found that the risk of emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and oral corticosteroids did not differ between children who initiated leukotriene antagonist and those who initiated inhaled corticosteroid. These findings may be explainable by leukotriene antagonist having similar effectiveness as inhaled corticosteroid in real-life usage.
AHRQ-funded; HS019669.
Citation: Wu AC, Li L, Fung V .
Use of leukotriene receptor antagonists are associated with a similar risk of asthma exacerbations as inhaled corticosteroids.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2014 Sep-Oct;2(5):607-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2014.05.009..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Children/Adolescents, Asthma, Risk