National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Anxiety (1)
- (-) Cancer (8)
- Cancer: Breast Cancer (1)
- Cancer: Lung Cancer (1)
- Cancer: Prostate Cancer (4)
- Comparative Effectiveness (5)
- Depression (1)
- (-) Evidence-Based Practice (8)
- Medication (1)
- Men's Health (2)
- Nutrition (1)
- Opioids (1)
- Outcomes (5)
- (-) Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (8)
- Prevention (1)
- Quality of Care (1)
- (-) Quality of Life (8)
- Respiratory Conditions (2)
- Sexual Health (1)
- Surgery (2)
- Treatments (3)
- Women (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 8 of 8 Research Studies DisplayedWallis CJD, Huang LC, Zhao Z
Association between pelvic nodal radiotherapy and patient-reported functional outcomes through 5 years among men undergoing external-beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer: an assessment of the Comparative Effectiveness Analysis of Surgery and Radiation (C
In this study, the investigators sought to compare functional outcomes for men receiving prostate and pelvic versus prostate-only radiotherapy, longitudinally over 5 years. The investigators concluded that there were no clinically important differences in disease-specific or general health-related quality of life with the addition of pelvic irradiation to prostate radiotherapy, supporting the use of pelvic radiotherapy when it may be of clinical benefit, such as men with increased risk of nodal involvement.
AHRQ-funded; HS022640; HS019356.
Citation: Wallis CJD, Huang LC, Zhao Z .
Association between pelvic nodal radiotherapy and patient-reported functional outcomes through 5 years among men undergoing external-beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer: an assessment of the Comparative Effectiveness Analysis of Surgery and Radiation (C
Urol Oncol 2022 Feb;40(2):56.e1-56.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.04.035..
Keywords: Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Cancer, Men's Health, Comparative Effectiveness, Outcomes, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Quality of Life
Gupta A, Sedhom R, Sharma R
Nonpharmacological interventions for managing breathlessness in patients with advanced cancer: a systematic review.
The purpose of this review was to evaluate the advantages and harms of nonpharmacological interventions for managing breathlessness in adults with advanced cancer. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for English-language studies about randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials, controlled trials, and observational studies. Findings included the safety and association with improved breathlessness of several nonpharmacological interventions for adults with advanced cancer. Recommendations included incorporating nonpharmacological interventions as first-line treatment for adults with advanced cancer and breathlessness.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500006I.
Citation: Gupta A, Sedhom R, Sharma R .
Nonpharmacological interventions for managing breathlessness in patients with advanced cancer: a systematic review.
JAMA Oncol 2021 Feb;7(2):290-98. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.5184..
Keywords: Cancer, Respiratory Conditions, Treatments, Evidence-Based Practice, Comparative Effectiveness, Quality of Life, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Feliciano JL, Waldfogel JM, Sharma R
Pharmacologic interventions for breathlessness in patients with advanced cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the use of pharmacological interventions for breathlessness in patients with advanced cancer. Studies were identified from database inception to May 2020 using predefined eligibility criteria. Pharmacologic intervention benefits and harms were compared, focusing on breathlessness, anxiety, exercise capacity and health-related quality of life. Out of 7729 unique citations, 19 studies with a total of 1424 patients were included. Opioids were not associated with more effectiveness than placebo for improving breathlessness or exercise capacity. Anxiolytics were also not associated with more effectiveness than placebo for breathlessness or anxiety. There was limited evidence for other pharmacologic interventions. There was some harm, but it was minimal in those short-term studies.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500006I.
Citation: Feliciano JL, Waldfogel JM, Sharma R .
Pharmacologic interventions for breathlessness in patients with advanced cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
JAMA Netw Open 2021 Feb;4(2):e2037632. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.37632..
Keywords: Cancer: Lung Cancer, Cancer, Respiratory Conditions, Medication, Treatments, Opioids, Evidence-Based Practice, Comparative Effectiveness, Quality of Life, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Reisz PA, Laviana AA, Zhao Z
Assessing the quality of surgical care for clinically localized prostate cancer: results from the CEASAR study.
Prior studies suggest that nationally endorsed quality measures for prostate cancer care are not linked closely with outcomes. Using a prospective, population based cohort the investigators measured clinically relevant variation in structure, process and outcome measures in men undergoing radical prostatectomy. The authors did not identify and meaningful variation in quality of care across racial groups, age groups and surgeon volume strata, in this cohort, suggesting that men were receiving comparable quality of care across these strata.
AHRQ-funded; HS019356.
Citation: Reisz PA, Laviana AA, Zhao Z .
Assessing the quality of surgical care for clinically localized prostate cancer: results from the CEASAR study.
J Urol 2020 Dec;204(6):1236-41. doi: 10.1097/ju.0000000000001198..
Keywords: Surgery, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Cancer, Quality of Care, Quality of Life, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice
Erim DO, Bennett AV, Gaynes BN
Associations between prostate cancer-related anxiety and health-related quality of life.
This study followed prostate cancer patients who were enrolled in the cohort study North Cancer Prostate Cancer Comparative Effectiveness & Survivorship Study (NC ProCess) from January 2011 and June 2013. A 1-year follow-up survey was done to assess prostate cancer-related anxiety (PCRA) in the cohort. The researchers were interested in the association between PCRA and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The risk of probable depression was significantly higher in participants with clinically significant PCRA compared with those without it.
AHRQ-funded; 29020050040I.
Citation: Erim DO, Bennett AV, Gaynes BN .
Associations between prostate cancer-related anxiety and health-related quality of life.
Cancer Med 2020 Jun;9(12):4467-73. doi: 10.1002/cam4.3069..
Keywords: Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Cancer, Anxiety, Quality of Life, Men's Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Depression, Evidence-Based Practice
Dominici LS, Rosenberg SM
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): the importance of patient-reported outcomes (PRO).
This review summarizes patient-reported outcomes (PROs) frequently assessed in the setting of a ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) diagnosis. Findings indicated that PROs provide critical information regarding the experiences of women following a DCIS diagnosis. Continued inclusion of PROs in clinical trials is warranted, further informing treatment decisions and adequately preparing patients for what to expect following treatment.
AHRQ-funded; HS023680.
Citation: Dominici LS, Rosenberg SM .
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): the importance of patient-reported outcomes (PRO).
Curr Breast Cancer Rep 2020 Jun;12(2):90-97. doi: 10.1007/s12609-020-00363-2..
Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Evidence-Based Practice, Women, Quality of Life
Parsons HM, Forte ML, Abdi HI
Nutrition as prevention for improved cancer health outcomes: a systematic literature review.
This systematic review examined evidence for the effectiveness of providing nutritional interventions before or during cancer therapy to improve cancer treatment outcomes. The studies examined focused primarily on non-vitamin/mineral dietary supplements, nutrition support, and route or timing of inpatient nutrition interventions for patients with gastrointestinal or head and neck cancer; most of the studies evaluated changes in body weight, adverse events from cancer treatment, length of hospital stay, or quality of life. While studies with low- or medium risk-of-bias reported mixed results on the effect of nutritional interventions, the authors concluded that the methodological limitations impair the translation of study findings into clinical practice or guidelines.
AHRQ-funded; 75Q80120D00008.
Citation: Parsons HM, Forte ML, Abdi HI .
Nutrition as prevention for improved cancer health outcomes: a systematic literature review.
JNCI Cancer Spectr 2023 May 2; 7(3):pkad035. doi: 10.1093/jncics/pkad035..
Keywords: Nutrition, Cancer, Prevention, Quality of Life, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Mullins BT, Basak R, Broughman JR
Patient-reported sexual quality of life after different types of radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy: analysis of a population-based prospective cohort.
This study compares the effects of different types of radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy on sexual function. A population-based cohort of 835 men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer from 2011 through 2013 was recruited in collaboration with the Rapid Case Ascertainment system of the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry. They were enrolled prior to treatment and followed retrospectively using the validated Prostate Cancer Symptom Indices (PCSI) instrument. The sexual function scores were compared among patients who received the following treatment types: external-beam RT (EBRT), EBRT with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), brachytherapy, nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (RP), and non-nerve-sparing RP. The cohort was surveyed at 24 months post-therapy, and RT alone was found to result in the best preservation of sexual function with brachytherapy, RT with ADT, and nerve-sparing RP yielding similar outcomes. Patients treated with non-nerve-sparing RP experienced the worst sexual function outcome.
AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Mullins BT, Basak R, Broughman JR .
Patient-reported sexual quality of life after different types of radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy: analysis of a population-based prospective cohort.
Cancer 2019 Oct 15;125(20):3657-65. doi: 10.1002/cncr.32288..
Keywords: Quality of Life, Sexual Health, Surgery, Treatments, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Cancer, Evidence-Based Practice