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Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Blood Pressure (1)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (4)
- Comparative Effectiveness (3)
- Cultural Competence (1)
- Diabetes (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (5)
- Heart Disease and Health (3)
- Lifestyle Changes (1)
- Obesity (1)
- Obesity: Weight Management (1)
- (-) Outcomes (7)
- (-) Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (7)
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- (-) Primary Care (7)
- Quality Improvement (4)
- Quality of Care (4)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (1)
- Respiratory Conditions (1)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 7 of 7 Research Studies DisplayedCohen DJ, Sweeney SM, Miller WL
Improving smoking and blood pressure outcomes: the interplay between operational changes and local context.
This study identified conditions and operational changes linked to improvements in smoking and blood pressure (BP) outcomes in primary care using samples and interviews from a subset of 104 practices participating in EvidenceNOW, a multisite cardiovascular disease prevention initiative. The authors calculated Clinical Quality Measure improvements, with targets of 10-point or greater absolute improvements in the proportion of patients with smoking screening, and if relevant, counseling and the proportion of hypertensive patients with adequately controlled BP. Primary care staff were surveyed and interviewed. In clinician-owned practices, implementing a workflow to routinely screen and counsel patients on smoking cessation resources, or implementing a documentation change or a referral to a resource alone led to an improvement of at least 10 points in the smoking outcome. These improvements did not occur though in health- or hospital system-owned practices or in Federally Qualified Health Centers. BP outcome improved by at least 10 points among solo practices after medical assistants learned how to take an accurate BP. Among larger, clinician-owned practices, BP outcomes improvement took place when staff took a second BP measurement after the first measurement was elevated and when staff learned where to document this information in the electronic health record. For larger and health- and hospital system-owned practices, 50 or more hours of facilitation was needed to improve BP outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS023940.
Citation: Cohen DJ, Sweeney SM, Miller WL .
Improving smoking and blood pressure outcomes: the interplay between operational changes and local context.
Ann Fam Med 2021 May-Jun;19(3):240-48. doi: 10.1370/afm.2668..
Keywords: Blood Pressure, Tobacco Use, Primary Care, Quality Improvement, Cardiovascular Conditions, Quality of Care, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention, Outcomes
Rosas LG, Lv N, Xiao L
Effect of a culturally adapted behavioral intervention for Latino adults on weight loss over 2 years: a randomized clinical trial.
Identifying effective weight loss interventions for Latino adults at risk of diabetes is of critical public health importance. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a culturally adapted behavioral intervention for Latino adults was more effective than usual care for weight loss over 24 months. The investigators concluded that among Latino adults with high diabetes risk, a culturally adapted behavioral lifestyle intervention was effective for weight loss over 12 months but not 24 months.
AHRQ-funded; HS022702.
Citation: Rosas LG, Lv N, Xiao L .
Effect of a culturally adapted behavioral intervention for Latino adults on weight loss over 2 years: a randomized clinical trial.
JAMA Netw Open 2020 Dec;3(12):e2027744. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.27744..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Obesity: Weight Management, Obesity, Cultural Competence, Diabetes, Primary Care, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice
Parchman ML, Anderson ML, Coleman K
Assessing quality improvement capacity in primary care practices.
The Healthy Hearts Northwest (H2N) Study is part of an AHRQ initiative to build quality improvement (QI) capacity in primary care with a focus on cardiovascular risk factors. The three main risk factors are appropriate aspirin use, blood pressure control, and tobacco screening/cessation. A practice facilitator (PF) met with clinicians and staff in the participating practices to discuss the results for each item on the Quality Improvement Capacity Assessment (QICA) scale. The score was associated with prior experience managing change and moderately associated with two of the three risk factors: aspirin use and blood pressure control. The QICA was found to be a useful assessment tool to measure QI capacity within a practice.
AHRQ-funded; HS023908.
Citation: Parchman ML, Anderson ML, Coleman K .
Assessing quality improvement capacity in primary care practices.
BMC Fam Pract 2019 Jul 25;20(1):103. doi: 10.1186/s12875-019-1000-1.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Evidence-Based Practice, Heart Disease and Health, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Primary Care, Quality of Care, Quality Improvement
Baldwin LM, Fischer MA, Powell J
Virtual educational outreach intervention in primary care based on the principles of academic detailing.
This paper describes the efforts of the Healthy Hearts Northwest (H2N) EvidenceNOW cooperative in providing virtual outreach intervention in primary care based on the principles of academic detailing (AD). EvidenceNOW is AHRQ’s initiative to fund seven regional cooperatives to identify and implement effective strategies to improve the quality of cardiovascular care in communities across the United States. The H2N network covers three states: Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. For this initiative they recruited 259 primary care practices that had 10 full-time or fewer providers and met stage 1 electronic health record meaningful use criteria. The aim was to increase adoption of the four ABCS of heart disease prevention: Aspirin use by high-risk individuals, Blood pressure control, Cholesterol management, and Smoking cessation. Due to the long distances and staffing limitations H2N decided to develop an educational outreach program using virtual visits instead of the traditional AD program structure. The findings and outcomes of this program is described in detail in this paper.
AHRQ-funded; HS023236; HS023908.
Citation: Baldwin LM, Fischer MA, Powell J .
Virtual educational outreach intervention in primary care based on the principles of academic detailing.
J Contin Educ Health Prof 2018 Fall;38(4):269-75. doi: 10.1097/ceh.0000000000000224..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Heart Disease and Health, Evidence-Based Practice, Primary Care, Quality Improvement, Quality of Care, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Prevention
Bailey SR, Stevens VJ, Fortmann SP
Long-term outcomes from repeated smoking cessation assistance in routine primary care.
This study assessed the importance of primary care support for smokers trying to quit. This retrospective, observational cohort study followed over 33,000 patients at six diverse health systems over 4 years. Long-term quit (LTQ) status (longer than 365 days) was measured, and it was determined that frequent visits (more than 75% of visits) had almost 3 times the success than patients who visited less than 25%.
AHRQ-funded; HS019828.
Citation: Bailey SR, Stevens VJ, Fortmann SP .
Long-term outcomes from repeated smoking cessation assistance in routine primary care.
Am J Health Promot 2018 Sep;32(7):1582-90. doi: 10.1177/0890117118761886..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Lifestyle Changes, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Primary Care, Tobacco Use
Ciolino JD, Jackson KL, Liss DT
Design of Healthy Hearts in the Heartland (H3): a practice-randomized, comparative effectiveness study.
The Healthy Hearts in the Heartland (H3) study is part of a nationwide effort, EvidenceNOW, seeking to better understand the ability of small primary care practices to improve "ABCS" clinical quality measures: appropriate Aspirin therapy, Blood pressure control, Cholesterol management, and Smoking cessation. In this paper, the authors describe the design and randomization of the H3 study.
AHRQ-funded; HS023921.
Citation: Ciolino JD, Jackson KL, Liss DT .
Design of Healthy Hearts in the Heartland (H3): a practice-randomized, comparative effectiveness study.
Contemp Clin Trials 2018 Aug;71:47-54. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.06.004..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Heart Disease and Health, Prevention, Primary Care, Quality of Care, Quality Improvement, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Agarwal A, Zhang W, Kuo Y
Process and outcome measures among COPD patients with a hospitalization cared for by an advance practice provider or primary care physician.
This study examined the process and outcomes of care of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients by Advanced Practice Providers (APPs) and primary care physicians. It found that, compared to patients cared for by physicians, patients cared for by APPs were more likely to receive short acting bronchodilator, oxygen therapy and have been referred to a pulmonologist; however they had lower rates of vaccination probably due to lower age group.
AHRQ-funded; HS020642; HS022134.
Citation: Agarwal A, Zhang W, Kuo Y .
Process and outcome measures among COPD patients with a hospitalization cared for by an advance practice provider or primary care physician.
PLoS One 2016 Feb 24;11(2):e0148522. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148522..
Keywords: Primary Care, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Respiratory Conditions