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Topics
- (-) Cancer (12)
- Cancer: Breast Cancer (2)
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- Cancer: Lung Cancer (1)
- Cancer: Ovarian Cancer (1)
- Cancer: Prostate Cancer (1)
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- Screening (8)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 12 of 12 Research Studies DisplayedHenrikson NB, Ivlev I, Blasi PR
Skin cancer screening: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the advantages and potential risks of skin cancer screening to assist the decision-making of the US Preventive Services Task Force. The researchers utilized the data sources MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, dated between June 1, 2015, and January 7, 2022. Two independent reviewers evaluated the articles and extracted pertinent data from studies of fair or good quality; the findings were summarized narratively. The primary outcomes and indicators were morbidity; mortality; stage, precursor lesions, or lesion thickness of skin cancer at detection; potential harms of screening. Twenty studies from 29 articles were included (N = 6,053,411). Direct evidence on the effectiveness of screening was obtained from 3 nonrandomized analyses of 2 population-based skin cancer screening initiatives in Germany (n = 1,791,615), indicating no significant reduction in melanoma mortality benefit at the population level over a period of 4 to 10 years of follow up activities. Six studies (n = 2,935,513) offered inconclusive evidence on the relationship between physician-conducted skin examination and lesion thickness or stage at diagnosis. Usual care vs. routine physician-conducted skin examination was not associated with increased detection of skin cancer or precursor lesions (5 studies) or stage at melanoma detection (3 studies). The correlation between physician-conducted skin examination and lesion thickness at detection was inconsistent (3 studies). Nine studies (n = 1 326 051) found a consistent positive association between more advanced stage at melanoma detection and increasing risk of melanoma-associated and all-cause mortality. Two studies (n = 232) found negligible enduring cosmetic or psychosocial harms related to screening.
AHRQ-funded; 75Q80120D00004.
Citation: Henrikson NB, Ivlev I, Blasi PR .
Skin cancer screening: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2023 Apr 18; 329(15):1296-307. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.3262..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cancer: Skin Cancer, Cancer, Screening, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines
Tracer H, Justus M
AHRQ Author: Tracer H
Vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin supplementation to prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer.
This Putting Prevention into Practice case study is used to increase understanding of the USPSTF final recommendation on vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin supplementation to prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer. A case study was presented using a 53-year-old-patient with no significant history presenting for a wellness visit. The patient’s 10-year cardiovascular risk and BMI are described. Three multiple-choice questions are presented regarding harms and benefits, and recommendations not to use supplementation to prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Tracer H, Justus M .
Vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin supplementation to prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Am Fam Physician 2022 Nov;106(5):565-66..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cardiovascular Conditions, Cancer, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines
O'Connor EA, Evans CV, Ivlev I
Vitamin and mineral supplements for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
This evidence report and systematic review updated the 2013 USPSTF final recommendation to assess benefits and harms of using vitamin and mineral supplements for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. After an extensive literature review, 84 studies were included. While multivitamin use was significantly associated with a lower incidence of any cancer and lung cancer, the evidence had serious limitations. Beta carotene was significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer and cardiovascular mortality. Vitamins D and E were not significantly associated with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease events, or cancer incidence. Evidence for the benefit of other supplements was equivocal, minimal, or absent. There was limited evidence that suggested some supplements may be associated with higher risk of serious harms (hip fracture [vitamin A], hemorrhagic stroke [vitamin E], and kidney stones [vitamin C, calcium]).
AHRQ-funded; 290201500007I.
Citation: O'Connor EA, Evans CV, Ivlev I .
Vitamin and mineral supplements for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2022 Jun 21;327(23):2334-47. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.15650..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Prevention, Cardiovascular Conditions, Cancer, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines
Fan T, Stefanos R
AHRQ Author: Fan T
Screening for colorectal cancer.
This AHRQ-authored Putting Preventions in Practice quiz has three questions and answers on the US Preventive Services Task Force final recommendation on screening for colorectal cancer. A case study is presented with questions on the best behavioral interventions, the effect of a patient’s age on the counseling approach, and what is an appropriate test and interval for colorectal screening. References are also provided at the end of the answers.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Fan T, Stefanos R .
Screening for colorectal cancer.
Am Fam Physician 2021 Sep 1;104(3):295-96..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cancer, Screening, Prevention, Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice, Case Study
Meza R, Jeon J, Toumazis I
Evaluation of the benefits and harms of lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography: modeling study for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The purpose of this study was to inform the USPSTF guidelines by estimating the benefits and harms associated with various low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening strategies. Microsimulation modeling studies suggested that LDCT screening for lung cancer compared with no screening may increase lung cancer deaths averted and life-years gained when optimally targeted and implemented. Screening individuals at aged 50 or 55 years through aged 80 years with 20 pack-years or more of smoking exposure was estimated to result in more benefits than the 2013 USPSTF-recommended criteria and less disparity in screening eligibility by sex and race/ethnicity.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500011I.
Citation: Meza R, Jeon J, Toumazis I .
Evaluation of the benefits and harms of lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography: modeling study for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2021 Mar 9;325(10):988-97. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.1077..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cancer: Lung Cancer, Cancer, Imaging, Screening, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines
Knerr S, West KM, Angelo FA
Organizational readiness to implement population-based screening and genetic service delivery for hereditary cancer prevention and control.
Programs conducting population-based screening and genetic service delivery for hereditary cancer prevention and control are rare in practice. The authors interviewed individuals instrumental in implementing seven unique clinical programs conducting either universal tumor screening for Lynch Syndrome or routine family history screening and provision of genetic services for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in the United States. Their findings suggest that developing interventions targeting change efficacy and cultivating practice change champions may be two promising ways to increase uptake of population-based hereditary cancer screening and genetic service delivery in clinical practice.
AHRQ-funded; HS022982.
Citation: Knerr S, West KM, Angelo FA .
Organizational readiness to implement population-based screening and genetic service delivery for hereditary cancer prevention and control.
J Genet Couns 2020 Oct;29(5):867-76. doi: 10.1002/jgc4.1216.
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Keywords: Cancer, Screening, Genetics, Prevention, Guidelines, Healthcare Delivery, Organizational Change, Implementation
Chapman CH, Caram MEV, Radhakrishnan A
Association between PSA values and surveillance quality after prostate cancer surgery.
This study examined the association between PSA values and posttreatment surveillance after prostate cancer surgery. Normally the treatment cutoff rate is 0.2 ng/mL but 4.0 ng/mL may be more appropriate. Data from the US Veterans Health Administration was used to perform a retrospective longitudinal cohort study for men diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer from 2005 to 2008 who underwent radical prostatectomy. Guideline concordance was high at year 1 (95%) but decreased to 79% in year 7. After adjustment, guideline concordance was lowered for the youngest and oldest, Black, and unmarried men.
AHRQ-funded; HS018726.
Citation: Chapman CH, Caram MEV, Radhakrishnan A .
Association between PSA values and surveillance quality after prostate cancer surgery.
Cancer Med 2019 Dec;8(18):7903-12. doi: 10.1002/cam4.2663..
Keywords: Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Cancer, Surgery, Screening, Guidelines, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice
Nelson HD, Fu R, Zakher B
Medication use for the risk reduction of primary breast cancer in women: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The purpose of this paper was to update the 2013 US Preventive Services Task Force systematic review on medications to reduce risk of primary (first diagnosis) invasive breast cancer in women. Investigators abstracted data on methods, participant characteristics, eligibility criteria, outcome ascertainment, and follow-up; individual trial results were combined using a profile likelihood random-effects model. Results showed that tamoxifen, raloxifene, and aromatase inhibitors were associated with lower risk of primary invasive breast cancer in women but also were associated with adverse effects that differed between medications. Risk stratification methods to identify patients with increased breast cancer risk demonstrated low accuracy.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500009I.
Citation: Nelson HD, Fu R, Zakher B .
Medication use for the risk reduction of primary breast cancer in women: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2019 Sep 3;322(9):868-86. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.5780..
Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Medication, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Prevention, Primary Care
Henrikson NB, Bowles EJ, Blasi PR
Screening for pancreatic cancer: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The authors systematically reviewed the benefits and harms of screening for pancreatic adenocarcinoma in order to inform the USPSTF. They found that imaging-based screening in groups at high familial risk can detect pancreatic adenocarcinoma with limited evidence of minimal harms. However, the effect of screening on morbidity and mortality in groups at high familial risk has not been studied, and no data are available in average-risk populations. They conclude that there is limited evidence to assess benefits or harms of surgical intervention for screen-detected pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
AHRQ-funded; 2902015000071.
Citation: Henrikson NB, Bowles EJ, Blasi PR .
Screening for pancreatic cancer: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2019 Aug 6;322(5):445-54. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.6190..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cancer, Screening, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Prevention
Magrath M, Yang E, Ahn C
Impact of a clinical decision support system on guideline adherence of surveillance recommendations for colonoscopy after polypectomy.
The goal of this study was to characterize guideline adherence of surveillance recommendations after implementation of an electronic medical record (EMR)-based Colonoscopy Pathology Reporting and Clinical Decision Support System (CoRS). Results showed that an EMR-based CoRS was widely used and significantly improved guideline adherence of surveillance recommendations.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Magrath M, Yang E, Ahn C .
Impact of a clinical decision support system on guideline adherence of surveillance recommendations for colonoscopy after polypectomy.
J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2018 Nov;16(11):1321-28. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2018.7050..
Keywords: Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Health Information Technology (HIT), Colonoscopy, Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Screening, Cancer, Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention
Henrikson NB, Morrison CC, Blasi PR
Behavioral counseling for skin cancer prevention: evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The authors systematically reviewed the evidence on the benefits and harms of behavioral counseling for skin cancer prevention to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). They concluded that behavioral interventions can increase sun protection behavior, but there is no consistent evidence that interventions are associated with a reduction in the frequency of sunburn in children or adults and minimal evidence on skin cancer outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500007I.
Citation: Henrikson NB, Morrison CC, Blasi PR .
Behavioral counseling for skin cancer prevention: evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2018 Mar 20;319(11):1143-57. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.21630.
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Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Skin Cancer, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Prevention, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
Nelson HD, Pappas M, Zakher B
Risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing for BRCA-related cancer in women: a systematic review to update the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation.
This systematic review was done in support of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) updated recommendation on the benefit and harms of risk assessment, genetic testing, and genetic counseling for BRCA-related cancer in women. A systematic review was done on literature from 2004 to July 30, 2013 from MEDLINE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Health Technology Assessment, Scopus, and reference lists. Data on the participants, study design, analysis, follow-up, and results was extracted and a second investigator confirmed key data. The studies were rated on study quality and applicability. The analysis found women with high-risk for breast cancer had decreased risk of breast cancer by 85% to 100% by having a mastectomy, and risk of mortality by 81% to 100% compared to women without surgery. There was also a lower risk of breast and ovarian cancer after having salpingo-oopherectomy surgery.
AHRQ-funded; 290200710057
Citation: Nelson HD, Pappas M, Zakher B .
Risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing for BRCA-related cancer in women: a systematic review to update the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation.
Ann Intern Med 2014 Feb 18;160(4):255-66. doi: 10.7326/m13-1684..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer: Ovarian Cancer, Cancer, Genetics, Screening, Prevention, Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice, Women, Risk, Family Health and History