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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
301 to 321 of 321 Research Studies DisplayedBorden WB, Chiang YP, Kronick R
AHRQ Author: Kronick, R
Bringing patient-centered outcomes research to life.
Achieving better health outcomes requires both the generation of new patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) knowledge and the appropriate and timely dissemination of that knowledge into practice. This article highlights the work AHRQ has done, is doing, and will do to improve the uptake of PCOR findings.
AHRQ-authored
Citation: Borden WB, Chiang YP, Kronick R .
Bringing patient-centered outcomes research to life.
Value Health. 2015 Jun;18(4):355-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2015.01.010..
Keywords: Communication, Evidence-Based Practice, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Implementation
Whicher D, Kass N, Faden R
Stakeholders' views of alternatives to prospective informed consent for minimal-risk pragmatic comparative effectiveness trials.
This paper reports on interviews with Institutional Review Board members and researchers and on focus groups with patients from Geisinger and Johns Hopkins health systems, with the objective of eliciting participants' views of the acceptability of four different disclosure and authorization models for low-risk pragmatic comparative effectiveness trials of widely-used therapies. Results suggested that many participants believed that it was acceptable to streamline information disclosure and to use an opt-out process for eligible individuals who would prefer not to participate.
AHRQ-funded; HS021064.
Citation: Whicher D, Kass N, Faden R .
Stakeholders' views of alternatives to prospective informed consent for minimal-risk pragmatic comparative effectiveness trials.
J Law Med Ethics 2015 Summer;43(2):397-409. doi: 10.1111/jlme.12256.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Singh JA, Akhras KS, Shiozawa A
Comparative effectiveness of urate lowering with febuxostat versus allopurinol in gout: analyses from large U.S. managed care cohort.
The researchers sought to assess the comparative effectiveness of febuxostat and allopurinol in reducing serum urate (sUA) levels in a real-world U.S. managed care setting. It concluded that febuxostat was more effective than allopurinol at the currently used doses in lowering sUA in gout patients as demonstrated by post-index mean sUA level, the likelihood of and the time to achieving sUA goals.
AHRQ-funded; HS021110.
Citation: Singh JA, Akhras KS, Shiozawa A .
Comparative effectiveness of urate lowering with febuxostat versus allopurinol in gout: analyses from large U.S. managed care cohort.
Arthritis Res Ther 2015 May 12;17(1):120. doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0624-3..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice, Medication, Treatments
Holmqvist F, Simon D, Steinberg BA
Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in U.S. community practice--results from Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF).
The objective of the study was to describe the utilization of catheter ablation in a contemporary U.S. clinical practice and describe the characteristics and subsequent outcomes in patients undergoing AF ablation in community practice. It found that there were no clinically relevant differences in oral anticoagulation post-AF ablation or differences in outcomes in patients with or without previous AF catheter ablation.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Holmqvist F, Simon D, Steinberg BA .
Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in U.S. community practice--results from Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF).
J Am Heart Assoc 2015 May;4(5):e001901. doi: 10.1161/jaha.115.001901..
Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Registries, Evidence-Based Practice
O'Brien EC, Kim S, Hess PL
Effect of the 2014 atrial fibrillation guideline revisions on the proportion of patients recommended for oral anticoagulation.
Researchers assessed the potential effect of a new guideline for atrial fibrillation (AF) by comparing the proportion of patients with AF recommended for oral anticoagulation (OAC) under the 2011 and 2014 guidelines. They found that two-thirds of patients with AF who were previously not recommended for OAC are newly recommended under the 2014 guideline. They advised future studies evaluating longitudinal changes in anticoagulation treatment patterns and outcomes among patients reclassified by the new guidelines.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: O'Brien EC, Kim S, Hess PL .
Effect of the 2014 atrial fibrillation guideline revisions on the proportion of patients recommended for oral anticoagulation.
JAMA Intern Med 2015 May;175(5):848-50. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.13.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Blood Thinners, Guidelines, Medication, Cardiovascular Conditions, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Cottrell EK, Whitlock EP, Kato E
AHRQ Author: Kato E
Defining the benefits and challenges of stakeholder engagement in systematic reviews.
The researchers examined the following questions: 1) what are the expected benefits of involving stakeholders in systematic reviews, and 2) what are the perceived challenges of involving stakeholders in systematic reviews? Using a literature scan and series of key informant interviews, they identified expected benefits such as establishing credibility and anticipating controversy. Challenges included time, training, resources and finding the right people.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 290201200004C
Citation: Cottrell EK, Whitlock EP, Kato E .
Defining the benefits and challenges of stakeholder engagement in systematic reviews.
Comp Eff Rev. 2015 Apr;5:13-19..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Vogel JA, Haukoos JS, Erickson CL
Is long-axis view superior to short-axis view in ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization?
The authors evaluated whether using long-axis or short-axis view during ultrasound-guided internal jugular and subclavian central venous catheterization results in fewer skin breaks, decreased time to cannulation, and fewer posterior wall penetrations. They found the long-axis view for the internal jugular more efficient than the short-axis view with fewer redirections; the long-axis view for subclavian central venous catheterization more efficient with decreased time to cannulation and fewer redirections; the long-axis approach to subclavian central venous catheterization associated with fewer posterior wall penetrations; and the long-axis view for subclavian central venous catheterization and avoiding posterior wall penetrations resulting in fewer central venous catheter-related complications.
AHRQ-funded; HS017526.
Citation: Vogel JA, Haukoos JS, Erickson CL .
Is long-axis view superior to short-axis view in ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization?
Crit Care Med 2015 Apr;43(4):832-9. doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000823.
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Keywords: Adverse Events, Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Viswanathan M, Kahwati LC, Golin CE
Medication therapy management interventions in outpatient settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Medication therapy management (MTM) services (also called clinical pharmacy services) aim to reduce medication-related problems and their downstream outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of MTM interventions among outpatients with chronic illnesses. The investigators graded the evidence as insufficient for most outcomes because of inconsistency and imprecision that stemmed in part from underlying heterogeneity in populations and interventions.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200008I.
Citation: Viswanathan M, Kahwati LC, Golin CE .
Medication therapy management interventions in outpatient settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
JAMA Intern Med 2015 Jan;175(1):76-87. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.5841..
Keywords: Medication, Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Chronic Conditions, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Provider: Pharmacist, Provider
Gerber DE, Pruitt SL, Halm EA
Should criteria for inclusion in cancer clinical trials be expanded?
The authors argue that the time is right to take a more evidence-based approach to assessing the validity of many traditional exclusion criteria for cancer clinical trials. Furthermore, for investigators, it is critically important that their selection of inclusion and exclusion criteria be thoughtful, deliberate and justified. To accomplish this, they will need to use an array of methodological approaches to assess their validity and impact.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Gerber DE, Pruitt SL, Halm EA .
Should criteria for inclusion in cancer clinical trials be expanded?
J Comp Eff Res 2015;4(4):289-91. doi: 10.2217/cer.15.27..
Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Research Methodologies, Cancer, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Fleurence R, Whicher D, Dunham K
The Patient-centered Outcomes Research Institute's role in advancing methods for Patient-centered Outcomes Research.
The authors described PCORI’s legislatively mandated Methodology Committee and its Methodology Report; discussed PCORI’s current slate of CER methods projects; and shared some initial thoughts about future areas where further methods development is needed.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Fleurence R, Whicher D, Dunham K .
The Patient-centered Outcomes Research Institute's role in advancing methods for Patient-centered Outcomes Research.
Med Care 2015 Jan;53(1):2-8. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000244.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Dulai PS, Siegel CA, Colombel JF
Systematic review: monotherapy with antitumour necrosis factor alpha agents versus combination therapy with an immunosuppressive for IBD.
The authors discussed the efficacy and the risks of anti-TNF monotherapy versus combination therapy with an immunosuppressive in patients with IBD. They concluded that the addition of an immunosuppressive to anti-TNF therapy improves treatment efficacy for infliximab in ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Further, the use of combination therapy appears to add no significant incremental risk for serious infections above that seen with anti-TNF or immunosuppressive monotherapy in most patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS021747.
Citation: Dulai PS, Siegel CA, Colombel JF .
Systematic review: monotherapy with antitumour necrosis factor alpha agents versus combination therapy with an immunosuppressive for IBD.
Gut 2014 Dec;63(12):1843-53. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307126.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Medication, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Treatments
Guise JM, Chang C, Viswanathan M
AHRQ Author: Chang C, Berliner E
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center methods for systematically reviewing complex multicomponent health care interventions.
The purpose of this AHRQ EPC methods white paper was to outline approaches to conducting systematic reviews of complex multicomponent health care interventions. It provided a framework for synthesizing studies of multicomponent interventions and also provided an initial list of critical reporting elements for such studies in order to help systematic reviewers understand the options and tradeoffs available for such reviews.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 290201200010I; 290201200012I; 290201200011I; 290201200015I; 290201200008I; 290201200004C.
Citation: Guise JM, Chang C, Viswanathan M .
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center methods for systematically reviewing complex multicomponent health care interventions.
J Clin Epidemiol 2014 Nov;67(11):1181-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.06.010.
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Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Healthcare Delivery, Health Services Research (HSR), Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Smith SR
AHRQ Author: Smith SR
Preface to the AHRQ supplement.
AHRQ, through its Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions about Effectiveness (DEcIDE) Research Network, sponsored this supplement to present various strategies in the design, analysis, and conduct of health outcomes studies relevant to rare diseases. The purpose of this supplement is to disseminate illustrative examples of research methods that can be applied to understand health outcomes and potentially to stimulate new patient-centered outcomes studies for rare diseases.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Smith SR .
Preface to the AHRQ supplement.
J Gen Intern Med 2014 Aug;29 Suppl 3:S712-3. doi: 10.1007/s11606-014-2922-x.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Lavallee DC, Wicks P, Alfonso Cristancho R
Stakeholder engagement in patient-centered outcomes research: high-touch or high-tech?
In this article, the authors compared and contrasted high-tech and high-touch approaches to engaging stakeholders and suggested hybrid processes.
AHRQ-funded; HS022135; HS022959.
Citation: Lavallee DC, Wicks P, Alfonso Cristancho R .
Stakeholder engagement in patient-centered outcomes research: high-touch or high-tech?
Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2014 Jun;14(3):335-44. doi: 10.1586/14737167.2014.901890.
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Keywords: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient and Family Engagement
Tugwell P, Boers M, D'Agostino MA
Updating the OMERACT filter: implications of filter 2.0 to select outcome instruments through assessment of "truth": content, face, and construct validity.
Two discussion groups critically reviewed the variety of ways in which five case studies of current OMERACT Working Groups complied with the ‘Truth’ component of the Filter and what issues remained to be resolved. The case studies showed that there is broad agreement on criteria for meeting the ‘Truth’ criteria through demonstration of content, face and construct validity; however several issues were identified that the Filter Working Group will need to address.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852
Citation: Tugwell P, Boers M, D'Agostino MA .
Updating the OMERACT filter: implications of filter 2.0 to select outcome instruments through assessment of "truth": content, face, and construct validity.
J Rheumatol. 2014 May;41(5):1000-4. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.131310..
Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
O'Brien EC, Holmes DN, Ansell JE
Physician practices regarding contraindications to oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation: findings from the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF) registry.
This study describes the frequencies of and factors associated with oral anticoagulation (OAC) contraindications in clinical practice for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Contraindications to OAC therapy among patients with AF are common but subjective. Many patients with reported contraindications were receiving OAC, suggesting that the perceived benefits outweighed the potential harm posed by the relative contraindication.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092
Citation: O'Brien EC, Holmes DN, Ansell JE .
Physician practices regarding contraindications to oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation: findings from the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF) registry.
Am Heart J. 2014 Apr;167(4):601-609.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2013.12.014..
Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Blood Thinners, Medication, Registries, Cardiovascular Conditions, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice, Practice Patterns
Buckley DI, Ansari MT, Butler M
AHRQ Author: Chang CS
The refinement of topics for systematic reviews: lessons and recommendations from the Effective Health Care Program.
AHRQ convened a work group to assess approaches and develop recommendations for topic refinement for the Effective Health Care Program. They concluded that accurate, rigorous, and useful systematic reviews require well-refined topics, and the work group's guiding principles and methodological recommendations may help investigators refine topics for reviews.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Buckley DI, Ansari MT, Butler M .
The refinement of topics for systematic reviews: lessons and recommendations from the Effective Health Care Program.
J Clin Epidemiol 2014 Apr;67(4):425-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.10.023.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Suskind AM, Clemens JQ, Dunn RL
Effectiveness of mesh compared with nonmesh sling surgery in Medicare beneficiaries.
This study assessed the effectiveness of mesh compared to nonmesh slings in the surgical treatment of female incontinence. It found that overall rates of complications were similar for patients undergoing either mesh or nonmesh sling procedures. However, patients undergoing the nonmesh procedure were more likely to require a subsequent intervention for bladder outlet obstruction.
AHRQ-funded; HS018726.
Citation: Suskind AM, Clemens JQ, Dunn RL .
Effectiveness of mesh compared with nonmesh sling surgery in Medicare beneficiaries.
Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Sep;122(3):546-52. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31829e8543..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Elderly, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Surgery, Women, Outcomes, Medicare, Evidence-Based Practice
Schneeweiss S, Seeger JD, Jackson JW
AHRQ Author: Smith SR
Methods for comparative effectiveness research/patient-centered outcomes research: from efficacy to effectiveness.
This article provides an overview of papers in this supplement resulting from a June 2012 AHRQ-sponsored symposium on research methods for CER and patient-centered outcomes research.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Schneeweiss S, Seeger JD, Jackson JW .
Methods for comparative effectiveness research/patient-centered outcomes research: from efficacy to effectiveness.
J Clin Epidemiol 2013 Aug;66(8 Suppl):S1-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.05.012.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Clancy CM, Margolis PA, Miller M
AHRQ Author: Clancy CM
Collaborative networks for both improvement and research.
The authors discuss collaborative improvement networks, which can serve as large-scale, health system laboratories to engage clinicians, researchers, patients, and parents in testing approaches to translate research into practice. Creation of total population registries in collaborative network sites provides large, representative study samples with high-quality data which can be used to generate evidence and to inform clinical decision-making. Collaborative networks for improvement and research offer the opportunity not only to make improvements but also to study improvements to determine which interventions and combination of strategies work best in which settings.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; HS021114.
Citation: Clancy CM, Margolis PA, Miller M .
Collaborative networks for both improvement and research.
Pediatrics 2013 Jun;131 Suppl 4:S210-4. doi: 10.1542/peds.2012-3786H.
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Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Health Services Research (HSR), Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Children/Adolescents, Implementation
Siminoff LA
Incorporating patient and family preferences into evidence-based medicine.
The authors contend that the goal of patient-centered evidence based medicine (EBM) can be achieved through the incorporation of patient-derived data. Their article discusses the data needed to expand the EBM paradigm, including the role of patients’ families and their contributions to diagnosis seeking and treatment-related decisionmaking.
AHRQ-funded; 290200810015C
Citation: Siminoff LA .
Incorporating patient and family preferences into evidence-based medicine.
BMC Med Inform Decis Making. 2013;13 Suppl 3:S6. doi: 10.1186/1472-6947-13-s3-s6..
Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Decision Making, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research