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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 15 of 15 Research Studies DisplayedCheng TL, Mistry KB
AHRQ Author: Mistry KB
Clarity on disparity: who, what, when, where, why, and how.
This purpose of this article was to explain a comprehensive framework of health disparities descriptors that can offer a systematic approach to advance the understanding of causes of health disparities and facilitate action steps to ensure health equity.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Cheng TL, Mistry KB .
Clarity on disparity: who, what, when, where, why, and how.
Pediatr Clin North Am 2023 Aug; 70(4):639-50. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2023.03.003..
Keywords: Disparities, Social Determinants of Health, Newborns/Infants, Mortality, Health Status, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Access to Care
Montoya-Williams D, Passarella M, Lorch SA
The impact of paid family leave in the United States on birth outcomes and mortality in the first year of life.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of paid family leave in California on statewide rates of preterm birth, low birthweight, post-neonatal mortality, and overall infant mortality. Probabilistic methods were used to match records of live birth with maternal and newborn hospital records; only singleton births were included in the study. Rates of infant health outcomes before and after implementation of the 2004 policy in California were compared with rates in two states that had no paid family leave policy. Findings showed that implementation of paid family leave policies in California was associated with a 12-percent reduction in post-neonatal mortality after adjusting for maternal and neonatal factors.
AHRQ-funded; HS018661.
Citation: Montoya-Williams D, Passarella M, Lorch SA .
The impact of paid family leave in the United States on birth outcomes and mortality in the first year of life.
Health Serv Res 2020 Oct;55(Suppl 2):807-14. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.13288..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Pregnancy, Mortality, Policy, Outcomes, Labor and Delivery
Williams CN, Eriksson CO, Kirby A
Hospital mortality and functional outcomes in pediatric neurocritical care.
Pediatric neurocritical care (PNCC) outcomes research is scarce. In this study, the investigators aimed to expand knowledge about outcomes in PNCC by evaluating death and changes in Functional Status Scale (FSS) from baseline among PNCC diagnoses. The investigators concluded that PNCC patients had high rates of death and new disability at discharge, varying significantly between PNCC diagnoses. Multiple domains of disability were affected, underscoring the ongoing multidisciplinary health care needs of survivors.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Williams CN, Eriksson CO, Kirby A .
Hospital mortality and functional outcomes in pediatric neurocritical care.
Hosp Pediatr 2019 Dec;9(12):958-66. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2019-0173..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Newborns/Infants, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Critical Care, Neurological Disorders, Mortality, Hospitals, Inpatient Care, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Vanderlaan J, Rochat R, Williams B
Associations between hospital maternal service level and delivery outcomes.
This study explored the associations between delivery hospital self-reported level of maternal service, as defined by the American Hospital Association, and both maternal and neonatal outcomes among women at high maternal risk, as defined by the Obstetric Comorbidity Index. The investigators concluded that for the group of pregnant women in need of maternal transfer, delivery hospital self-reported level of maternal care was not associated with the odds of poor maternal or neonatal outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS024655.
Citation: Vanderlaan J, Rochat R, Williams B .
Associations between hospital maternal service level and delivery outcomes.
Womens Health Issues 2019 May - Jun;29(3):252-58. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2019.02.004..
Keywords: Maternal Care, Labor and Delivery, Pregnancy, Women, Outcomes, Hospitals, Quality of Care, Newborns/Infants, Mortality
Haley CA, Brault MA, Mwinga K
Promoting progress in child survival across four African countries: the role of strong health governance and leadership in maternal, neonatal and child health.
The researchers conducted four individual case studies concerning the World Health Organization's African Region Millennium Development Goal #4 (MDG#4) to reduce under-five mortality by two-thirds by 2015. They found that strong health governance and leadership (HGL) was a significant driver of the greater success in Liberia and Zambia compared with Kenya and Zimbabwe. Three aspects of HGL which most consistently contributed to the different progress towards MDG#4 among the four study countries were identified. Although child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa remains high, the authors concluded that comparative study suggests key HGL factors that can facilitate the reduction of child mortality and may prove useful in tackling current Sustainable Development Goals.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Haley CA, Brault MA, Mwinga K .
Promoting progress in child survival across four African countries: the role of strong health governance and leadership in maternal, neonatal and child health.
Health Policy Plan 2019 Feb 1;34(1):24-36. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czy105..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Maternal Care, Mortality, Newborns/Infants, Pregnancy
Han RH, McKinnon A, CreveCoeur TS
Predictors of mortality for preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage: a population-based study.
This study examined the risk factors for mortality in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). An overall inpatient mortality occurred in 10% of the cohort of 7437 preterm infants born between 2005 and 2014. Mortality risk was independently associated with a variety of factors including male sex, Asian race, lower gestational age, higher IVH grade, gastrotomy, tracheostomy, and shunt infection.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Han RH, McKinnon A, CreveCoeur TS .
Predictors of mortality for preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage: a population-based study.
Childs Nerv Syst 2018 Nov;34(11):2203-13. Epub ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s00381-018-3897-4..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Mortality, Newborns/Infants, Outcomes
Travers CP, Carlo WA, McDonald SA
Mortality and pulmonary outcomes of extremely preterm infants exposed to antenatal corticosteroids.
This study sought to determine if exposure to antenatal corticosteroids is associated with a lower rate of death and pulmonary morbidities by 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. It concluded that among infants 22-28 weeks' gestational age, any or partial antenatal exposure to corticosteroids compared to no exposure is associated with a lower rate of death while the rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in survivors did not differ.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Travers CP, Carlo WA, McDonald SA .
Mortality and pulmonary outcomes of extremely preterm infants exposed to antenatal corticosteroids.
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018 Jan;218(1):130.e1-30.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.554.
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Keywords: Medication, Mortality, Newborns/Infants, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Respiratory Conditions
Phillippi JC, Danhausen K, Alliman J
Neonatal outcomes in the birth center setting: a systematic review.
This systematic review examined the effects of the birth center setting on neonatal mortality in economically developed countries. The criteria for inclusion included being in English, published after 1980 and in countries with similar guidelines to the American Association of Birth Centers Standards. The only measure used was neonatal mortality and results did not find any difference between using a birth center as opposed to a traditional hospital setting. The literature was not found to have many good quality studies, and further research is recommended.
AHRQ-funded; HS024733.
Citation: Phillippi JC, Danhausen K, Alliman J .
Neonatal outcomes in the birth center setting: a systematic review.
J Midwifery Womens Health 2018 Jan;63(1):68-89. doi: 10.1111/jmwh.12701..
Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Labor and Delivery, Mortality, Newborns/Infants, Outcomes, Pregnancy, Women
Jensen EA, Lorch SA
Association between off-peak hour birth and neonatal morbidity and mortality among very low birth weight infants.
This study assessed the independent association between overnight or "off-peak" hour delivery and 3 neonatal morbidities strongly associated with childhood neurocognitive impairment. It found that very low birth weight infants born between midnight and 7:00 a.m. are at increased risk for severe intraventricular hemorrhage and death or major neonatal morbidity.
AHRQ-funded; HS015696.
Citation: Jensen EA, Lorch SA .
Association between off-peak hour birth and neonatal morbidity and mortality among very low birth weight infants.
J Pediatr 2017 Jul;186:41-48.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.02.007.
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Keywords: Labor and Delivery, Mortality, Newborns/Infants, Adverse Events
Rice WS, Goldfarb SS, Brisendine AE
Disparities in infant mortality by race among Hispanic and non-Hispanic infants.
This study explored possible implications of racial identification for the health of U.S. born Hispanic compared to non-Hispanic infants. It concluded that the risk of infant mortality varies among Hispanic infants by race, with poorer outcomes experienced by Hispanic black infants. Compared to non-Hispanic infants of the same race, Hispanic black infants experience a smaller health disadvantage and Hispanic white infants have better or similar infant health outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Rice WS, Goldfarb SS, Brisendine AE .
Disparities in infant mortality by race among Hispanic and non-Hispanic infants.
Matern Child Health J 2017 Jul;21(7):1581-88. doi: 10.1007/s10995-017-2290-3.
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Keywords: Disparities, Newborns/Infants, Mortality, Newborns/Infants, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Travers CP, Carlo WA
How to save 1 million lives in a year in low- and middle-income countries.
This review focuses on educational programs developed to reduce preventable deaths in newborn infants in low- and middle-income countries, including Essential Newborn Care and Helping Babies Breathe, a simplified version of the Neonatal Resuscitation Program. Innovative pragmatic large-scale trials have evaluated these programs in low-resource settings. The results of these studies and the implications for future programs designed to decrease childhood mortality are reviewed.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Travers CP, Carlo WA .
How to save 1 million lives in a year in low- and middle-income countries.
Neonatology 2017;111(4):431-36. doi: 10.1159/000460512.
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Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Mortality, Newborns/Infants, Pregnancy, Prevention
Sloan CD, Gebretsadik T, Rosas-Salazar C
Seasonal timing of infant bronchiolitis, apnea and sudden unexplained infant death.
The researchers analyzed ecological associations between timing of Sudden Unexplained Infant Death (SUID) cases, bronchiolitis, and apnea healthcare visits. They found a temporal relationship between infant bronchiolitis and apnea, but no peak in SUID cases during peaks of bronchiolitis. They concluded that consistent trends between bronchiolitis, apnea, and SUID were not established due to small numbers of SUID cases.
AHRQ-funded; HS018454.
Citation: Sloan CD, Gebretsadik T, Rosas-Salazar C .
Seasonal timing of infant bronchiolitis, apnea and sudden unexplained infant death.
PLoS One 2016 Jul 12;11(7):e0158521. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158521.
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Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Respiratory Conditions, Mortality
Salemi JL, Pathak EB, Salihu HM
Infant outcomes after elective early-term delivery compared with expectant management.
The purpose of the study was to compare the risk of neonatal morbidity and infant mortality between elective early-term deliveries and those expectantly managed and delivered at 39 weeks of gestation or greater. It concluded that the issues surrounding the timing and reasons for delivery initiation are complicated and each pregnancy unique. Furthermore, it cautions against a general avoidance of all elective early-term deliveries.
AHRQ-funded - HS019997.
Citation: Salemi JL, Pathak EB, Salihu HM .
Infant outcomes after elective early-term delivery compared with expectant management.
Obstet Gynecol 2016 Apr;127(4):657-66. doi: 10.1097/aog.0000000000001331.
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Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Mortality, Pregnancy, Labor and Delivery, Adverse Events
Ericson JE, Popoola VO, Smith PB
Burden of invasive staphylococcus aureus infections in hospitalized infants.
This study compared demographics and mortality of inf ants with invasive methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S aureus (MSSA), to determine the annual proportion of S aureus infections that were MRSA. It found that infant mortality after invasive MRSA and MSSA infections was similar, but MSSA caused more infections and more deaths in infants than MRSA.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Ericson JE, Popoola VO, Smith PB .
Burden of invasive staphylococcus aureus infections in hospitalized infants.
JAMA Pediatr 2015 Dec;169(12):1105-11. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2380..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Mortality, Hospitalization, Risk
Kastenberg ZJ, Lee HC, Profit J
Effect of deregionalized care on mortality in very low-birth-weight infants with necrotizing enterocolitis.
The study’s aims were to describe the current trend toward deregionalization and to test the hypothesis that infants with necrotizing enterocolitis represent a particularly high-risk subgroup of the VLBW population that would benefit from early identification, increased intensity of early management, and possible targeted triage to tertiary hospitals. It found that outcomes for VLBW infants continue to be suboptimal when they are not born into high-level, high-volume centers.
AHRQ-funded; HS000028.
Citation: Kastenberg ZJ, Lee HC, Profit J .
Effect of deregionalized care on mortality in very low-birth-weight infants with necrotizing enterocolitis.
JAMA Pediatr 2015 Jan;169(1):26-32. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.2085..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Labor and Delivery, Mortality, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Healthcare Delivery