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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 4 of 4 Research Studies DisplayedAgochukwu-Mmonu N, Qin Y, Kaufman S
Understanding the role of urology practice organization and racial composition in prostate cancer treatment disparities.
This study examined the associations between urology practice organization and racial composition and treatment patterns for Medicare beneficiaries with incident prostate cancer. The authors used a 20% sample of national Medicare data to identify beneficiaries diagnosed with prostate cancer between January 2010 and December 2015 and followed them through 2016. They then linked urologists to their practices with tax identification numbers and patients to their practices based on their primary urologist. They identified 54,443 patients with incident prostate cancer, with most (87%) White and 9% Black. They found wide variation in racial practice composition and practice segregation. Patients in practices with the highest proportion of Black patients had the lowest socioeconomic status (43.1%), highest comorbidity (9.9% with comorbidity score ≥ 3), and earlier age at prostate cancer diagnosis (33.5% age 66-69 years). Black patients had lower odds of definitive therapy and underwent less treatment than White patients in every practice context. Black patients had lower predicted probability of treatment (66%) than White patients (69%).
AHRQ-funded; HS025707.
Citation: Agochukwu-Mmonu N, Qin Y, Kaufman S .
Understanding the role of urology practice organization and racial composition in prostate cancer treatment disparities.
JCO Oncol Pract 2023 May; 19(5):e763-e72. doi: 10.1200/op.22.00147..
Keywords: Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Cancer, Men's Health, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Cunningham-Erves J, Campbell L, Barlow C
Reducing HPV associated cancers and disparities: engaging African American men to develop a culturally-appropriate program that addresses their needs.
Reducing HPV associated cancers and disparities: engaging African American men to develop a culturally-appropriate program that addresses their needs.
Am J Health Educ 2021;52(4):194-206. doi: 10.1080/19325037.2021.1930614.
This paper discusses the results of the Healthy Men, Healthy Communities program that aims to improve preventive behaviors among African American men to reduce HPV-related cancer disparities. An educational intervention was developed using cultural-targeting strategies such as linguistics, peripherals, evidence, socio-culture, and constituent-involving. Research team members were recruited from community-based (CBO) leaders. Three focus groups, 30 surveys, and a community review and program evaluation with African American men were conducted. The five focus group themes were: 1) The Known and Unknown of Cancer, HPV, and the vaccine; (2) Personal experiences with cancer were commonplace; (3) Barriers to Engaging HPV Cancer Preventive Behaviors; (4) Multi-Modal Strategies are needed to improve preventive behaviors; and (5) Actual versus Preferred Sources of Information. Survey data showed men desired information on penile (52%) and oral cancer (48%). A speaker summit on various topics was the preferred education format (96%). A post-summit evaluation indicated most males intended to get screened (73%), eat healthier (77%), and exercise more (65%). After these interventions the HPV vaccine was administered to about 40% of the men, and their children and grandchildren.
Am J Health Educ 2021;52(4):194-206. doi: 10.1080/19325037.2021.1930614.
This paper discusses the results of the Healthy Men, Healthy Communities program that aims to improve preventive behaviors among African American men to reduce HPV-related cancer disparities. An educational intervention was developed using cultural-targeting strategies such as linguistics, peripherals, evidence, socio-culture, and constituent-involving. Research team members were recruited from community-based (CBO) leaders. Three focus groups, 30 surveys, and a community review and program evaluation with African American men were conducted. The five focus group themes were: 1) The Known and Unknown of Cancer, HPV, and the vaccine; (2) Personal experiences with cancer were commonplace; (3) Barriers to Engaging HPV Cancer Preventive Behaviors; (4) Multi-Modal Strategies are needed to improve preventive behaviors; and (5) Actual versus Preferred Sources of Information. Survey data showed men desired information on penile (52%) and oral cancer (48%). A speaker summit on various topics was the preferred education format (96%). A post-summit evaluation indicated most males intended to get screened (73%), eat healthier (77%), and exercise more (65%). After these interventions the HPV vaccine was administered to about 40% of the men, and their children and grandchildren.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Cunningham-Erves J, Campbell L, Barlow C .
Reducing HPV associated cancers and disparities: engaging African American men to develop a culturally-appropriate program that addresses their needs.
Am J Health Educ 2021;52(4):194-206. doi: 10.1080/19325037.2021.1930614..
Keywords: Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, Cancer, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Men's Health, Prevention, Health Promotion, Education: Patient and Caregiver
Gordon BE, Basak R, Carpenter WR
Factors influencing prostate cancer treatment decisions for African American and white men.
This prospective, population-based cohort study examined some possible reasons for mortality outcome differences for prostate cancer between African American (AA) and white patients. A cohort of 1170 men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer were enrolled from 2011 to 2013 before treatment in North Carolina. Participants were asked to rate their aggressiveness of their cancer, and also the importance of 10 factors their treatment decision-making process. Among low-risk patients, there was no difference in perception of their cancer as “not very aggressive”. Among high-risk patients, 54% of AA patients considered their cancer to be “not very aggressive” while only 24% of white patients did. For AA patients, cost, treatment time, and recovery time were considered very important more than white patients.
AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Gordon BE, Basak R, Carpenter WR .
Factors influencing prostate cancer treatment decisions for African American and white men.
Cancer 2019 May 15;125(10):1693-700. doi: 10.1002/cncr.31932..
Keywords: Decision Making, Cancer, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Disparities, Men's Health, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Behler RL, Cornwell BT, Schneider JA
Patterns of social affiliations and healthcare engagement among young, black, men who have sex with men.
This study investigates how individuals’ social affiliations affect their knowledge of and engagement with public health services. A sample of 618 young black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) in Chicago were used to identify connections within their social networks. Men who had stronger affiliations with the Chicago gay community had more knowledge of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), while men who had stronger affiliations with the black community had improved HIV treatment outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS024167.
Citation: Behler RL, Cornwell BT, Schneider JA .
Patterns of social affiliations and healthcare engagement among young, black, men who have sex with men.
AIDS Behav 2018 Mar;22(3):806-18. doi: 10.1007/s10461-016-1668-3..
Keywords: Disparities, Healthcare Delivery, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Men's Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities