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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
576 to 600 of 711 Research Studies DisplayedWheeler DS, Wong HR
Sepsis in pediatric cardiac intensive care.
The authors reviewed risk factors for developing sepsis; the role of biomarkers; and the pathophysiology and management of severe sepsis and septic shock. They concluded that while scientific advances in the diagnosis and clinical staging of sepsis offer tremendous promise for the future, it is also evident that sepsis mortality has not improved enough, even with progress in our understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of sepsis.
AHRQ-funded; HS020455.
Citation: Wheeler DS, Wong HR .
Sepsis in pediatric cardiac intensive care.
Pediatr Crit Care Med 2016 Aug;17(8 Suppl 1):S266-71. doi: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000000796.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Children/Adolescents, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Children/Adolescents, Sepsis
Shelley DR, Ogedegbe G, Anane S
Testing the use of practice facilitation in a cluster randomized stepped-wedge design trial to improve adherence to cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines: HealthyHearts NYC.
The long-term goal of the HealthyHearts NYC trial is to create a robust infrastructure for implementing and disseminating evidence-based practice guidelines in primary care practices. The authors hypothesized that practice facilitation will result in superior clinical outcomes compared to usual care and that the effects of practice facilitation will be mediated by greater adoption of system changes in accord with patient-centered medical homes and the chronic care model.
AHRQ-funded; HS023922.
Citation: Shelley DR, Ogedegbe G, Anane S .
Testing the use of practice facilitation in a cluster randomized stepped-wedge design trial to improve adherence to cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines: HealthyHearts NYC.
Implement Sci 2016 Jul 4;11(1):88. doi: 10.1186/s13012-016-0450-2.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Primary Care
Karmali KN, Lee JY, Brown T
Predictors of cholesterol treatment discussions and statin prescribing for primary cardiovascular disease prevention in community health centers.
The authors aimed to identify factors associated with a cholesterol treatment discussion and statin prescribing in a high-risk population. They found that single risk factor management strongly influences cholesterol treatment discussions and statin prescribing patterns, and they recommended interventions that promote risk-based statin use.
AHRQ-funded; HS021141.
Citation: Karmali KN, Lee JY, Brown T .
Predictors of cholesterol treatment discussions and statin prescribing for primary cardiovascular disease prevention in community health centers.
Prev Med 2016 Jul;88:176-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.04.011.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Heart Disease and Health, Community-Based Practice, Medication, Prevention
Cohen DJ, Balasubramanian BA, Gordon L
A national evaluation of a dissemination and implementation initiative to enhance primary care practice capacity and improve cardiovascular disease care: the ESCALATES study protocol.
This paper describes the study protocol for the EvidenceNOW national evaluation, which is called Evaluating System Change to Advance Learning and Take Evidence to Scale (ESCALATES). Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods analyses will be conducted to examine how Cooperatives organize to provide external support to practices, to compare effectiveness of the dissemination and implementation approaches they implement, and to examine how regional variations and other organization and contextual factors influence implementation and effectiveness.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981; HS023940.
Citation: Cohen DJ, Balasubramanian BA, Gordon L .
A national evaluation of a dissemination and implementation initiative to enhance primary care practice capacity and improve cardiovascular disease care: the ESCALATES study protocol.
Implement Sci 2016 Jun 29;11(1):86. doi: 10.1186/s13012-016-0449-8.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention, Primary Care, Research Methodologies
Guirguis-Blake JM, Evans CV, Senger CA
Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events: a systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
This is an update of a systematic review about the benefits of aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in adults aged 40 years or older and to evaluate effect modification in subpopulations. It concluded that the beneficial effect of aspirin for the primary prevention of CVD is modest and also occurs at doses of 100 mg or less per day. Older adults seem to achieve a greater relative MI benefit.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200015.
Citation: Guirguis-Blake JM, Evans CV, Senger CA .
Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events: a systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
Ann Intern Med 2016 Jun 21;164(12):804-13. doi: 10.7326/m15-2113.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cardiovascular Conditions, Medication, Risk, Prevention
Chubak J, Whitlock EP, Williams SB
Aspirin for the prevention of cancer incidence and mortality: systematic evidence reviews for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
The researchers conducted systematic reviews of aspirin and 1) total cancer mortality and incidence in persons eligible for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 2) colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality and incidence in persons at average CRC risk.. Evidence from CVD primary and secondary prevention studies suggested that aspirin therapy reduces CRC incidence and perhaps mortality approximately 10 years after initiation.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200151I.
Citation: Chubak J, Whitlock EP, Williams SB .
Aspirin for the prevention of cancer incidence and mortality: systematic evidence reviews for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
Ann Intern Med 2016 Jun 21;164(12):814-25. doi: 10.7326/m15-2117.
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Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cardiovascular Conditions, Medication, Mortality, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
Khazanie P, Greiner MA, Al-Khatib SM
Comparative effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy among patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation: Findings from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry's Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Registry.
The researchers investigated the outcomes of patients with both atrial fibrillation and heart failure who receive cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D) compared with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) alone. They found that CRT-D was associated with lower risks of mortality, all-cause readmission, and heart failure readmission, as well as with a similar risk of complications compared with ICD alone.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Khazanie P, Greiner MA, Al-Khatib SM .
Comparative effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy among patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation: Findings from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry's Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Registry.
Circ Heart Fail 2016 Jun;9(6). doi: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002324.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Registries, Evidence-Based Practice, Outcomes
Piccini JP, Simon DN, Steinberg BA
Differences in clinical and functional outcomes of atrial fibrillation in women and men: two-year results from the ORBIT-AF Registry.
The purpose of this paper was to determine whether symptoms, quality of life, treatment, and outcomes differ between women and men with atrial fibrillation (AF). The authors found that women with AF have more symptoms and worse quality of life, lower risk-adjusted all-cause and cardiovascular death compared with men, but higher stroke rates.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Piccini JP, Simon DN, Steinberg BA .
Differences in clinical and functional outcomes of atrial fibrillation in women and men: two-year results from the ORBIT-AF Registry.
JAMA Cardiol 2016 Jun 1;1(3):282-91. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.0529.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Sex Factors, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Quality of Life, Registries, Evidence-Based Practice
Woollen J, Prey J, Wilcox L
Patient experiences using an inpatient personal health record.
Researchers investigated post-operative cardiac surgical patients' experience using an inpatient personal health record (PHR) on a tablet computer to increase engagement in their hospital care. They found that patients reported high satisfaction with being able to view their hospital medications and access educational materials related to their medical conditions. Patients also reported a desire to view daily progress reports about their hospital stay.
AHRQ-funded; HS021816.
Citation: Woollen J, Prey J, Wilcox L .
Patient experiences using an inpatient personal health record.
Appl Clin Inform 2016 Jun 1;7(2):446-60. doi: 10.4338/aci-2015-10-ra-0130.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Hospitalization, Patient Experience, Patient Experience
Bangalore S, Guo Y, Samadashvili Z
Revascularization in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction: everolimus-eluting stents versus coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
This study compared outcomes for patients with multivessel disease and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction </=35%) who underwent either percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with everolimus-eluting stent or coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). It found that PCI with everolimus-eluting stent had comparable long-term survival in comparison with CABG. PCI was associated with higher risk of myocardial infarction (in those with incomplete revascularization) and repeat revascularization.
AHRQ-funded; HS023683.
Citation: Bangalore S, Guo Y, Samadashvili Z .
Revascularization in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction: everolimus-eluting stents versus coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Circulation 2016 May 31;133(22):2132-40. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.021168.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Heart Disease and Health, Surgery, Outcomes, Risk
O'Donoghue ML, Morrow DA, Cannon CP
Multimarker risk stratification in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
In this study, the investigators examined multimarker risk stratification in patients with acute myocardial infarction. They found that in patients with ST-elevation MI, a multimarker strategy that combines biomarkers across pathobiological axes of myocardial stress, myocyte necrosis, and inflammation provided incremental prognostic information for prediction of cardiovascular death or heart failure.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: O'Donoghue ML, Morrow DA, Cannon CP .
Multimarker risk stratification in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
J Am Heart Assoc 2016 May 20;5(5). doi: 10.1161/jaha.115.002586..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Heart Disease and Health, Risk
Holcomb CN, Hollis RH, Graham LA
Association of coronary stent indication with postoperative outcomes following noncardiac surgery.
The researchers sought to determine whether the clinical indication for a coronary stent is associated with postoperative major adverse cardiac events (MACE). They concluded that surgery in patients with a coronary stent placed for heart attack was associated with increased postoperative MACE rates compared with other stent indications.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Holcomb CN, Hollis RH, Graham LA .
Association of coronary stent indication with postoperative outcomes following noncardiac surgery.
JAMA Surg 2016 May;151(5):462-9. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2015.4545.
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Keywords: Surgery, Cardiovascular Conditions, Heart Disease and Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Du XL, Zhang Y, Hardy D
Associations between hematopoietic growth factors and risks of venous thromboembolism, stroke, ischemic heart disease and myelodysplastic syndrome: findings from a large population-based cohort of women with breast cancer.
The researchers sought to determine the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), stroke, ischemic heart disease, and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in association with the receipt of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) and/or erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in women with breast cancer. They found that receipts of CSFs and ESAs were significantly associated with an increased risk of VTE in women with breast cancer.
AHRQ-funded; HS018956.
Citation: Du XL, Zhang Y, Hardy D .
Associations between hematopoietic growth factors and risks of venous thromboembolism, stroke, ischemic heart disease and myelodysplastic syndrome: findings from a large population-based cohort of women with breast cancer.
Cancer Causes Control 2016 May;27(5):695-707. doi: 10.1007/s10552-016-0742-5.
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Keywords: Blood Clots, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cardiovascular Conditions, Risk, Stroke
Jenkins KJ, Koch Kupiec J, Owens PL
AHRQ Author: Owens PL
Development and validation of an Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality indicator for mortality after congenital heart surgery harmonized with risk adjustment for congenital heart surgery (RACHS-1) methodology.
The National Quality Forum previously approved a quality indicator for mortality after congenital heart surgery developed by AHRQ. Several parameters of the validated Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery (RACHS-1) method were included, but others differed. As part of the National Quality Forum endorsement maintenance process, developers were asked to harmonize the 2 methodologies.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Jenkins KJ, Koch Kupiec J, Owens PL .
Development and validation of an Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality indicator for mortality after congenital heart surgery harmonized with risk adjustment for congenital heart surgery (RACHS-1) methodology.
J Am Heart Assoc 2016 May;5(5):pii: e003028. doi: 10.1161/jaha.115.003028.
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Keywords: Surgery, Mortality, Quality Indicators (QIs), Children/Adolescents, Cardiovascular Conditions
Barnett AS, Bahnson TD, Piccini JP
Recent advances in lesion formation for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation.
This review summarized several recent advancements in catheter technology for atrial fibrillation (AF ablation) aimed at improving lesion formation It concluded that despite advances during the past decade, recurrence of AF after ablation is common. Recent technological innovations are likely to increase the safety, efficiency, and durability of lesion formation.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Barnett AS, Bahnson TD, Piccini JP .
Recent advances in lesion formation for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation.
Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2016 May;9(5). doi: 10.1161/circep.115.003299.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Treatments
Lee T, Thamer M, Zhang Q
Reduced cardiovascular mortality associated with early vascular access placement in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease.
This study assessed whether there has been a decrease in cardiovascular comorbidity in elderly chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing predialysis access surgery, and whether this impacted clinical outcomes after access creation and cardiovascular events after hemodialysis initiation. It concluded that a progressive decrease in cardiovascular comorbidities in elderly CKD patients undergoing predialysis vascular access surgery was associated with a decrease in death before hemodialysis and cardiovascular events after starting hemodialysis.
AHRQ-funded; HS022931.
Citation: Lee T, Thamer M, Zhang Q .
Reduced cardiovascular mortality associated with early vascular access placement in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease.
Am J Nephrol 2016;43(5):334-40. doi: 10.1159/000446159.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Elderly, Kidney Disease and Health, Kidney Disease and Health, Mortality
Holcomb CN, Graham LA, Richman JS
The incremental risk of coronary stents on postoperative adverse events: a matched cohort study.
The objective of this study was to determine the incremental risk of coronary stents on adverse events in surgical patients and whether it varies over time from stent placement. It concluded that surgery after coronary stent placement is associated with an approximate 2 percent absolute risk for postoperative heart attack but no difference in mortality compared with nonstented matched controls.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Holcomb CN, Graham LA, Richman JS .
The incremental risk of coronary stents on postoperative adverse events: a matched cohort study.
Ann Surg 2016 May;263(5):924-30. doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000001246..
Keywords: Adverse Events, Risk, Surgery, Patient Safety, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions
Sadeghi B, Walling AM, Romano PS
A hospital-based advance care planning intervention for patients with heart failure: a feasibility study.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a multiple-component hospital-based intervention on completion of advance care planning (ACP) forms among heart failure (HF) patients. It concluded that a hospital-based ACP intervention using nonclinician health educators is feasible to implement and has the potential to facilitate the ACP process.
AHRQ-funded HS019311.
Citation: Sadeghi B, Walling AM, Romano PS .
A hospital-based advance care planning intervention for patients with heart failure: a feasibility study.
J Palliat Med 2016 Apr;19(4):451-5. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2015.0269.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Decision Making, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Heart Disease and Health, Hospitals
McConnell KJ, Lindrooth RC, Wholey DR
Modern management practices and hospital admissions.
The researchers investigated whether the modern management practices and publicly reported performance measures are associated with choice of hospital for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). They found that, overall, a one standard deviation change in management practice scores is associated with an 8% increase in AMI admissions.
AHRQ-funded; HS018466.
Citation: McConnell KJ, Lindrooth RC, Wholey DR .
Modern management practices and hospital admissions.
Health Econ 2016 Apr;25(4):470-85. doi: 10.1002/hec.3171.
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Keywords: Hospitals, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Quality Indicators (QIs), Quality Measures, Quality of Care, Public Reporting, Provider Performance
Redmond N, Booth JN, 3rd, Tanner RM
Prevalence of masked hypertension and its association with subclinical cardiovascular disease in African Americans: results from the Jackson Heart Study.
Using data from the Jackson Heart Study, an exclusively African American population-based cohort, the researchers evaluated the association of masked hypertension and prehypertension with left ventricular mass index and common carotid intima media thickness. Masked hypertension was common among African Americans with prehypertension and also normal clinic blood pressure, and was associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Redmond N, Booth JN, 3rd, Tanner RM .
Prevalence of masked hypertension and its association with subclinical cardiovascular disease in African Americans: results from the Jackson Heart Study.
J Am Heart Assoc 2016 Mar 29;5(3):e002284. doi: 10.1161/jaha.115.002284.
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Keywords: Blood Pressure, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Brown JR, Rezaee ME, Nichols EL
Incidence and in-hospital mortality of acute kidney injury (AKI) and dialysis-requiring AKI (AKI-D) after cardiac catheterization in the National Inpatient Sample.
This study examined cardiac catheterization or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) hospital discharges from the nationally representative National Inpatient Sample to determine annual population incidence rates for AKI and AKI-D in the United States from 2001 to 2011. It found that the incidence of AKI among cardiac catheterization and PCI patients has increased sharply in the United States; however, mortality has significantly declined.
AHRQ-funded; HS018443.
Citation: Brown JR, Rezaee ME, Nichols EL .
Incidence and in-hospital mortality of acute kidney injury (AKI) and dialysis-requiring AKI (AKI-D) after cardiac catheterization in the National Inpatient Sample.
J Am Heart Assoc 2016 Mar 15;5(3):e002739. doi: 10.1161/jaha.115.002739.
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Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Adverse Events, Mortality, Patient Safety, Surgery, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Kidney Disease and Health, Dialysis, Hospitals
Silverberg JI
Atopic disease and cardiovascular risk factors in US children.
The researcher examined the impact of atopic disease on cardiovascular risk in children. He found that in multivariable models, pediatric asthma and hay fever were associated with higher odds of overweight and obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, but not diabetes. However, eczema was associated with higher odds of overweight and obesity, but not hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or diabetes.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Silverberg JI .
Atopic disease and cardiovascular risk factors in US children.
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016 Mar;137(3):938-40.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.09.012.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Risk, Children/Adolescents, Children/Adolescents, Children/Adolescents
Vora AN, Peterson ED, Hellkamp AS
Care transitions after acute myocardial infarction for transferred-in versus direct-arrival patients.
Many patients in the United States require transfer from one hospital to another for acute myocardial infarction (MI) care. How well these transferred-in patients are transitioned back to their local community is unknown. This study found that transferred-in patients with acute MI are less likely to have outpatient clinic follow-up within 30 days and more likely to be readmitted within the first 30 days post discharge compared with direct-arrival patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Vora AN, Peterson ED, Hellkamp AS .
Care transitions after acute myocardial infarction for transferred-in versus direct-arrival patients.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2016 Mar;9(2):109-16. doi: 10.1161/circoutcomes.115.002108.
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Keywords: Transitions of Care, Hospital Readmissions, Cardiovascular Conditions, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Hospital Discharge
Baik SH, Hernandez I, Zhang Y
Evaluating the initiation of novel oral anticoagulants in Medicare beneficiaries.
This study evaluated how patient demographics, clinical characteristics, types of insurance, and patient out-of-pocket spending affect the initiation of warfarin and 2 novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs)--dabigatran and rivaroxaban. It found that race, sex, type of Part D plans, and some clinical conditions were associated with the initiation of NOACs relative to warfarin.
AHRQ-funded; HS018657.
Citation: Baik SH, Hernandez I, Zhang Y .
Evaluating the initiation of novel oral anticoagulants in Medicare beneficiaries.
J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2016 Mar;22(3):281-92. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2016.22.3.281.
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Keywords: Blood Thinners, Medication, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Social Determinants of Health
Newhall KA, Saunders EC, Larson RJ
Use of protamine for anticoagulation during carotid endarterectomy: a meta-analysis.
The researchers reviewed the evidence for and against protamine use at the conclusion of carotid endarterectomy (CEA), both in its association with increased thrombotic complications and with decreased bleeding. They concluded that based on available evidence, the use of protamine following CEA is associated with a reduction in bleeding complications, without increasing major thrombotic outcomes, including stroke, myocardial infarction, or death.
AHRQ-funded; HS021581.
Citation: Newhall KA, Saunders EC, Larson RJ .
Use of protamine for anticoagulation during carotid endarterectomy: a meta-analysis.
JAMA Surg 2016 Mar;151(3):247-55. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2015.3592.
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Keywords: Medication, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Registries, Cardiovascular Conditions