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Research Studies is a monthly compilation of research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers and recently published in journals or newsletters.
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1 to 7 of 7 Research Studies DisplayedDifazio RL, Shore BJ, Melvin P
Pneumonia after hip surgery in children with neurological complex chronic conditions.
The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to estimate rates of postoperative pneumonia in children with neurological complex chronic conditions (CCC) undergoing hip surgery, to determine the effect of pneumonia on postoperative hospital resource use, and to identify predictors. Researchers used data from the Pediatric Health Information System for children 4 years and older with a neurological CCC who had undergone hip surgery from 2016 to 2018 in U.S. children's hospitals. Findings indicate that postoperative pneumonia in children with a neurological CCC was associated with longer length-of-stay, readmissions, and higher costs. Children who had undergone pelvic osteotomies and who had multimorbidity needed additional clinical support to prevent postoperative pneumonia and to decrease resource utilization.
AHRQ-funded; HS024453.
Citation: Difazio RL, Shore BJ, Melvin P .
Pneumonia after hip surgery in children with neurological complex chronic conditions.
Dev Med Child Neurol 2023 Feb; 65(2):232-42. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.15339..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Surgery, Neurological Disorders, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions, Hospital Readmissions, Adverse Events
Wang Y, Eldridge N, Metersky ML
Analysis of hospital-level readmission rates and variation in adverse events among patients with pneumonia in the United States.
The purpose of this AHRQ-authored cross-sectional study was to assess whether patients with pneumonia who were admitted to hospitals with higher risk-standardized readmission rates had a higher risk of in-hospital adverse events. The researchers linked patient-level adverse events data from the Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System (MPSMS) to the hospital-level pneumonia-specific all-cause readmissions data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. The MPSMS data included 46,047 patients with pneumonia across 2,590 hospitals discharged from July 1, 2010, through December 31, 2019. For data from 2010 to 2017, analysis was completed from October 2019 through July 2020, and for data from 2018 to 2019 analysis was completed from March through April 2022. The study concluded that readmission rates are associated with the quality of hospital care for pneumonia; patients with pneumonia admitted to hospitals with high all-cause readmission rates had a higher likelihood of developing adverse events during the initial hospitalization.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 290201800005C.
Citation: Wang Y, Eldridge N, Metersky ML .
Analysis of hospital-level readmission rates and variation in adverse events among patients with pneumonia in the United States.
JAMA Netw Open 2022 May 2;5(5):e2214586. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.14586..
Keywords: Hospital Readmissions, Hospitals, Adverse Events, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions
Strobel RJ, Harrington SD, Hill C
Evaluating the impact of pneumonia prevention recommendations after cardiac surgery.
Pneumonia is the most prevalent healthcare-associated infection after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), but the relative effectiveness of strategies to reduce its incidence remains unclear. In this study, the investigators evaluated the relationship between healthcare-associated infection recommendations and risk of pneumonia after CABG. These pneumonia prevention recommendations may serve as effective targets for avoiding postoperative healthcare-associated infections.
AHRQ-funded; HS022535; HS022909.
Citation: Strobel RJ, Harrington SD, Hill C .
Evaluating the impact of pneumonia prevention recommendations after cardiac surgery.
Ann Thorac Surg 2020 Sep;110(3):903-10. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.12.053..
Keywords: Pneumonia, Cardiovascular Conditions, Surgery, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Adverse Events, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Risk
Wang Y, Eldridge N, Metersky ML
Association between Medicare expenditures and adverse events for patients with acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, or pneumonia in the United States.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether hospital-specific adverse event rates were associated with hospital-specific risk-standardized 30-day episode-of-care Medicare expenditures for fee-for-service patients discharged with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure (HF), or pneumonia. Investigators concluded that hospitals with high adverse event rates were more likely to have high 30-day episode-of-care Medicare expenditures for patients discharged with AMI, HF, or pneumonia.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 290201200003C.
Citation: Wang Y, Eldridge N, Metersky ML .
Association between Medicare expenditures and adverse events for patients with acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, or pneumonia in the United States.
JAMA Netw Open 2020 Apr;3(4):e202142. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.2142..
Keywords: Adverse Events, Patient Safety, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Pneumonia, Medicare, Healthcare Costs
Eisler L, Huang G, Lee KM
Identification of perioperative pulmonary aspiration in children using quality assurance and hospital administrative billing data.
This study aims to identify the incidence of and risk factors for perioperative aspiration in children using quality assurance data supplemented by administrative billing records, and to examine the utility of billing data as a supplementary data source. The investigators found that International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for aspiration used as a secondary data source were nonspecific for perioperative aspiration, but when combined with record review yielded a 30% increase in identified cases of aspiration over quality assurance data alone.
AHRQ-funded; HS022941.
Citation: Eisler L, Huang G, Lee KM .
Identification of perioperative pulmonary aspiration in children using quality assurance and hospital administrative billing data.
Paediatr Anaesth 2018 Mar;28(3):218-25. doi: 10.1111/pan.13319..
Keywords: Adverse Events, Children/Adolescents, Data, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions
Brescia AA, Rankin JS, Cyr DD
Determinants of variation in pneumonia rates after coronary artery bypass grafting.
In this study, investigators determined to what extent patient risk factors account for hospital variation in pneumonia rates. Their findings suggested that patient risk profiles only account for a fraction of hospital variation in pneumonia rates. The investigators assert that enhanced understanding of other contributory factors (eg, processes of care) is required to lessen the likelihood of such nosocomial infections.
AHRQ-funded; HS022535.
Citation: Brescia AA, Rankin JS, Cyr DD .
Determinants of variation in pneumonia rates after coronary artery bypass grafting.
Ann Thorac Surg 2018 Feb;105(2):513-20. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.08.012..
Keywords: Adverse Events, Cardiovascular Conditions, Pneumonia, Surgery
Strobel RJ, Liang Q, Zhang M
A preoperative risk model for postoperative pneumonia after coronary artery bypass grafting.
The authors developed a preoperative prediction model for postoperative pneumonia after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). In this article, they describe and discuss their model, which may be used to provide individualized risk estimation and to identify opportunities to reduce a patient's preoperative risk of pneumonia through prehabilitation.
AHRQ-funded; HS022535.
Citation: Strobel RJ, Liang Q, Zhang M .
A preoperative risk model for postoperative pneumonia after coronary artery bypass grafting.
Ann Thorac Surg 2016 Oct;102(4):1213-9. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.03.074.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Pneumonia, Adverse Events, Risk, Patient Safety
