84. Treatment Recommendations: Counseling (Continued)
Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update
Text version of slide presentation.
Variables associated with higher or lower abstinence rates
| Variables associated with higher abstinence rates | |
|---|---|
| Variable | Examples |
| High motivation
Ready to change Moderate to high self-efficacy Supportive social network |
Tobacco user reports a strong motivation to quit.
Tobacco user is ready to quit within a 1-month period. Tobacco user is confident in his or her ability to quit. A smoke-free workplace and home; friends who do not smoke in the quitter's presence. |
| Variables associated with lower abstinence rates | |
| Variable | Examples |
| High nicotine dependence
Psychiatric comorbidity and substance use High stress level Exposure to other smokers |
Tobacco user smokes heavily (≥20 cigarettes/day), and/or has first cigarette of the day within 30 minutes after waking in the morning.
Tobacco user has currently elevated depressive symptoms, active alcohol abuse, or schizophrenia. Stressful life circumstances and/or recent or anticipated major life changes (e.g., divorce, job change). Other smokers in the household. |
