National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 6 of 6 Research Studies DisplayedLacson R, Shi J, Kapoor N
Exacerbation of inequities in use of diagnostic radiology during the early stages of reopening after COVID-19.
Researchers assessed diagnostic radiology examination utilization and associated social determinants of health during the early stages of reopening after state-mandated shutdown of nonurgent services because of COVID-19. They found that, despite resumption of nonurgent services, a marked decrease in radiology examination utilization persisted in all care settings post-shutdown, with more significantly decreased odds ratios for having examinations in inpatient and outpatient settings versus in the emergency department. Inequities worsened, with patients from communities with high rates of poverty, unemployment, and chronic disease having significantly lower odds of undergoing radiology examinations post-shutdown. Patients of Asian race and Hispanic ethnicity had significantly lower odds ratios for having examinations post-shutdown compared with White and non-Hispanic patients, respectively.
AHRQ-funded; HS024722.
Citation: Lacson R, Shi J, Kapoor N .
Exacerbation of inequities in use of diagnostic radiology during the early stages of reopening after COVID-19.
J Am Coll Radiol 2021 May;18(5):696-703. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.12.009..
Keywords: COVID-19, Disparities, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health
Fraiman YS, Wojcik MH
The influence of social determinants of health on the genetic diagnostic odyssey: who remains undiagnosed, why, and to what effect?
This review article synthesizes the available evidence regarding population disparities in genetic testing for pediatric rare disease diagnosis and identifies gaps in care. The influence of social determinants of health is known, but this study’s goal is to examine the prevalence and nature of disparities in diagnostic testing. It synthesizes the available evidence regarding disparities, defining the need for further, prospective studies.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Fraiman YS, Wojcik MH .
The influence of social determinants of health on the genetic diagnostic odyssey: who remains undiagnosed, why, and to what effect?
Pediatr Res 2021 Jan;89(2):295-300. doi: 10.1038/s41390-020-01151-5..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Social Determinants of Health, Genetics, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Screening, Disparities
Bolstad CJ, Moak R, Brown CJ
Neighborhood disadvantage is associated with depressive symptoms but not depression diagnosis in older adults.
This study tested how neighborhood disadvantage (ND) relates to depressive symptomology and diagnosis to assess for neighborhood disparities in mental health care cross-sectionally. Using data from the University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging, the investigators found living in the high and mid-ND tertiles to be associated with depressive symptomology, yet ND had no significant relation to depression diagnosis. They concluded that older adults living in high and mid-disadvantaged neighborhoods may be more likely to experience depressive symptomology but not receive a diagnosis, indicating a possible disparity in mental health care.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Bolstad CJ, Moak R, Brown CJ .
Neighborhood disadvantage is associated with depressive symptoms but not depression diagnosis in older adults.
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020 Aug 8;17(16). doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165745..
Keywords: Elderly, Depression, Behavioral Health, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Disparities, Social Determinants of Health
Klawetter S, McNitt C, Hoffman JA
Perinatal depression in low-income women: a literature review and innovative screening approach.
This paper is a literature review of perinatal depression prevalence, consequences, and screening among low-income women and women of color. The Warm Connections program has an innovative perinatal depression screening protocol and was used with WIC participants. The literature showed mixed findings of perinatal prevalence among low-income women and women of color. There were lower perinatal depression rates in the Warm Connections program in studies using less specific perinatal depression screening instruments with similar samples.
AHRQ-funded; HS026370.
Citation: Klawetter S, McNitt C, Hoffman JA .
Perinatal depression in low-income women: a literature review and innovative screening approach.
Curr Psychiatry Rep 2020 Jan 7;22(1):1. doi: 10.1007/s11920-019-1126-9.
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Keywords: Depression, Pregnancy, Women, Low-Income, Social Determinants of Health, Screening, Behavioral Health, Maternal Care, Disparities, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Farvardin S, Patel J, Khambaty M
Patient-reported barriers are associated with lower hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance rates in patients with cirrhosis.
This study characterized the association between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance receipt and patient knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers in a racially diverse and socioeconomically disadvantaged cohort of patients with cirrhosis. It found that patients with cirrhosis are knowledgeable and interested in HCC surveillance; however, patient-reported barriers are associated with lower surveillance rates in clinical practice and represent potential intervention targets to improve HCC surveillance effectiveness.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Farvardin S, Patel J, Khambaty M .
Patient-reported barriers are associated with lower hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance rates in patients with cirrhosis.
Hepatology 2017 Mar;65(3):875-84. doi: 10.1002/hep.28770.
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Keywords: Cancer, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Social Determinants of Health, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Hidalgo B, Kaphingst KA, Stafford J
Diagnostic accuracy of self-reported racial composition of residential neighborhood.
The purpose of this study was to examine the diagnostic accuracy of self-reported measures of individuals’ perceptions of the racial and ethnic composition of their communities with objective data (i.e., census). It found that respondents who self-identified as white were more likely to self-report racial composition of their neighborhood consistent with 2010 Census estimates.
AHRQ-funded; HS020309.
Citation: Hidalgo B, Kaphingst KA, Stafford J .
Diagnostic accuracy of self-reported racial composition of residential neighborhood.
Ann Epidemiol 2015 Aug;25(8):597-604. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.04.003..
Keywords: Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Social Determinants of Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities