CAHPS Hospice Survey
The CAHPS Hospice Survey assesses the experiences of patients who died while receiving hospice care and their primary informal caregivers. The survey treats the patient and caregiver as a single unit of care. Its purpose is to:
- Provide a source of information on patient/caregiver experiences that can be publicly reported to beneficiaries and their family members to help them select a hospice program,
- Support hospices with their internal quality improvement efforts and external benchmarking with other facilities, and
- Provide the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) with information for monitoring the care provided by hospices.
How To Get the CAHPS Hospice Survey and Administrative Guidance
To access this survey and all supporting documentation for survey administration, please visit CMS's website for the Hospice Survey. CMS provides translations of the CAHPS Hospice Survey in several languages. No documentation for this survey is available on AHRQ's website.
For technical assistance with this survey, please contact hospicecahpssurvey@HCQIS.org or 1-844-472-4621.
National Implementation of the CAHPS Hospice Survey
CMS began national implementation of the Hospice Survey in 2015. Participating hospices must contract with an approved Hospice Survey vendor to conduct the survey in order to meet the Hospice Quality Reporting Program requirements.
All Medicare-certified hospices must participate in the survey in order to receive their full Annual Payment Update (APU). The only exceptions are hospices that are too small (i.e., have served fewer than 50 decedents in the reference year) or too new (i.e., received a CMS Certification Number (CCN) on or after the first day of the performance year for the CAHPS Hospice Survey).
Quality Measures from the CAHPS Hospice Survey
The Hospice Survey produces the following measures of patient experience:
- Hospice team communication
- Getting timely care
- Treating family member with respect
- Providing emotional support
- Providing support for religious and spiritual beliefs
- Getting help for symptoms
- Information continuity
- Understanding the side effects of pain medication
- Getting hospice care training (home setting of care only)
- Overall rating of hospice care
- Willingness to recommend the hospice
For a complete list of measures, please see the CAHPS Hospice Survey Fact Sheet.
Development of the CAHPS Hospice Survey
In September 2012, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) contracted with the RAND Corporation to design and field test a CAHPS survey that would assess the experiences of patients and their caregivers with hospice care.[1] This survey was developed with input from many stakeholders, including other government agencies, industry stakeholders, consumer groups, and other key individuals and organizations involved in hospice care.
The development of the CAHPS Hospice Survey followed the standard CAHPS process.
Initial gathering of information. In response to a call for topic areas published in the Federal Register in January 2013, stakeholder groups provided suggestions for survey content. A systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature on experiences with end-of-life care identified 87 articles containing 50 unique survey tools.
Interviews. To further inform the development of new survey content to assess experiences with hospice care, the team conducted semi-structured one-on-one interviews and a focus group with people who had recent experiences acting as caregivers for friends or family members in hospice care. Informed by a review of themes from the focus group and interview transcripts, the team made recommendations for the field-test survey instrument.
Input from experts. In December 2012, the team convened a Technical Expert Panel (TEP), including experts on hospice care quality, survey research, and performance measurement and improvement, as well as people representing organizations that could have a major influence on the adoption of a standardized hospice care survey and promotion of its use for public reporting and quality improvement. TEP members agreed with the proposed survey content domains and the cases that should be excluded from the sampling for the field-testing; they also made recommendations on when the survey should be administered.
Cognitive testing. The team conducted three rounds of cognitive interviews to test interpretation and comprehension of survey content, revising survey instruments and protocols between each round of interviews. Interviews resulted in refinements, reorganization of the survey, and replacement of an item.
Field test. From November 12 through December 23, 2013, the team conducted a field test of the three setting-specific versions of the survey using 33 hospice programs from 29 Medicare-eligible hospice organizations that agreed to participate. The field test took place in three settings for hospice care:
- Home, which included both home and assisted living facilities
- Nursing home, which included both skilled and regular nursing facilities
- Two sub-settings of inpatient care: acute care hospitals and freestanding hospice IPUs
Based on analyses of the field test data, the team identified items to maintain in the final survey instrument. The team removed items that were included on the field test instrument solely to facilitate tests of construct validity and those that exhibited little variation or ceiling effects. Some items with limited variation were maintained because of the importance of the measured constructs to hospice stakeholders or consumers. Few setting-specific items were retained in the final version of the survey instrument. Consequently, for national implementation, the three setting-specific survey instruments administered during the field test were consolidated into one instrument for all settings in which patients received care. The final recommended English survey instrument for national implementation was 47 items long.
Endorsement by NQF. The National Quality Forum endorsed this instrument as a measure of palliative and end-of-life care in October 2016.
[1] Price RA, Quigley DD, Bradley MA, et al. (2014). Hospice Experience of Care Survey: Development and Field Test (Research Report). RAND Health. Sponsored by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Available at https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR657.html. Accessed 2/13/15.
