National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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- Screening (461)
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- Sex Factors (67)
- Sexual Health (126)
- Shared Decision Making (583)
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- Simulation (49)
- Skin Conditions (121)
- Sleep Problems (70)
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- Stress (71)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
7401 to 7425 of 12254 Research Studies DisplayedHui KY, Fernandez-Hernandez H, Hu J
Functional variants in the LRRK2 gene confer shared effects on risk for Crohn's disease and Parkinson's disease.
Researchers studied the risk for Crohn’s disease (CD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) in a population of Ashkenazi Jews who have the LRRK2 gene. This gene provides a risk for both conditions, However, some alleles (like N2081D variant) conferred more risk for CD or protection from CD (N551K variant). These shared alleles may provide insight into disease mechanisms and treatments.
AHRQ-funded; HS021747.
Citation: Hui KY, Fernandez-Hernandez H, Hu J .
Functional variants in the LRRK2 gene confer shared effects on risk for Crohn's disease and Parkinson's disease.
Sci Transl Med 2018 Jan 10;10(423). doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aai7795..
Keywords: Genetics, Neurological Disorders, Risk
Childers CP, Maggard-Gibbons M, Ulloa JG
Perioperative management of antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery following coronary stent placement: a systematic review.
Researchers conducted a systematic review on the use of antiplatelet therapy (APT) after non-cardiac surgery (NCS) following stent placement surgery done previously. There has been some debate among the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association as to the guidelines of how long to delay NCS after stent placement. Out of 4,882 articles, only 16 were included in the review. All of them were small. Reviewers looked for rates of cardiac events and/or bleeding events with the different APT strategies used. There did not seem to be much difference in outcomes between the different strategies.
AHRQ-funded; HS025079.
Citation: Childers CP, Maggard-Gibbons M, Ulloa JG .
Perioperative management of antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery following coronary stent placement: a systematic review.
Syst Rev 2018 Jan 10;7(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s13643-017-0635-z..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Blood Thinners, Cardiovascular Conditions, Care Management, Medication, Outcomes, Surgery
Dunn J, Henrikson NB, Morrison CC
Screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The authors systematically reviewed evidence on benefits and harms of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) screening for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). They concluded that screening can detect AIS. Also, bracing and possibly exercise treatment can interrupt or slow progression of curvature in adolescence. However, there is little or no evidence on long-term outcomes for AIS treated in adolescence.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200015I357.
Citation: Dunn J, Henrikson NB, Morrison CC .
Screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2018 Jan 9;319(2):173-87. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.11669.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Prevention, Screening
Davis MM, Freeman M, Shannon J
A systematic review of clinic and community intervention to increase fecal testing for colorectal cancer in rural and low-income populations in the United States - how, what and when?
Researchers conducted this systematic review to determine how implementation strategies and contextual factors influenced the uptake of interventions to increase fecal testing for colorectal cancer in rural and low-income populations. They found that provision of kits through the mail, use of pre-addressed stamped envelopes, client reminders and in-clinic distribution appeared most frequently in the highly effective/effective clinic-based study arms. Few studies described contextual factors or implementation strategies.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Davis MM, Freeman M, Shannon J .
A systematic review of clinic and community intervention to increase fecal testing for colorectal cancer in rural and low-income populations in the United States - how, what and when?
BMC Cancer 2018 Jan 6;18(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s12885-017-3813-4.
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Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Health Promotion, Low-Income, Rural Health, Screening
Roydhouse JK, Gutman R, Keating NL
Proxy and patient reports of health-related quality of life in a national cancer survey.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the difference between patient and proxy reports of patient HRQOL in a large national cancer survey, and determine if this difference could be mitigated by adjusting for clinical and sociodemographic information about patients. It concluded that the proxy-reported outcome scores for both physical and mental health were clinically and significantly lower than patient-reported scores for these outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS000011.
Citation: Roydhouse JK, Gutman R, Keating NL .
Proxy and patient reports of health-related quality of life in a national cancer survey.
Health Qual Life Outcomes 2018 Jan 5;16(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s12955-017-0823-5.
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Keywords: Cancer, Quality of Life, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Behavioral Health
Goldstein E, Nguyen HH, Liu P
AHRQ Author: Steiner CA
On the relative role of different age groups during epidemics associated with respiratory syncytial virus.
This study evaluated the roles played by individuals in different age groups during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemics in the United States between 2001 and 2012, using the previously defined relative risk (RR) statistic estimated from the hospitalization data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Its estimates suggest the prominent relative roles of children aged </=10 years (particularly among those aged 3-6 years) in propagating RSV epidemics.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Goldstein E, Nguyen HH, Liu P .
On the relative role of different age groups during epidemics associated with respiratory syncytial virus.
J Infect Dis 2018 Jan 4;217(2):238-44. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jix575.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Respiratory Conditions
Borycki E, Senathirajah Y, Kushniruk AW
The future of mobile usability, workflow and safety testing.
In this paper, the authors outline a vision for the future of mobile usability, workflow and safety testing. The authors argue for the use of glasses that can audio and video record usability, workflow and safety data.
AHRQ-funded; HS023708.
Citation: Borycki E, Senathirajah Y, Kushniruk AW .
The future of mobile usability, workflow and safety testing.
Stud Health Technol Inform 2017;245:15-19..
Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Patient Safety, Workflow
Skolasky RL, Maggard AM, Wegener ST
Telephone-based intervention to improve rehabilitation engagement after spinal stenosis surgery: a prospective lagged controlled trial.
A prospective interventional trial was conducted, to compare the effectiveness of health behavior change counseling with usual care to improve health outcomes after lumbar spine surgical procedures. The investigators found that health behavior change counseling improved health outcomes during the first 12 months after the surgical procedure through changes in rehabilitation engagement.
AHRQ-funded; HS017990.
Citation: Skolasky RL, Maggard AM, Wegener ST .
Telephone-based intervention to improve rehabilitation engagement after spinal stenosis surgery: a prospective lagged controlled trial.
J Bone Joint Surg Am 2018 Jan 3;100(1):21-30. doi: 10.2106/jbjs.17.00418..
Keywords: Back Health and Pain, Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Rehabilitation, Surgery
Purnell TS, Luo X, Cooper LA
Association of race and ethnicity with live donor kidney transplantation in the United States from 1995 to 2014.
This study estimated changes over time in racial/ethnic disparities in live donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) in the United States, accounting for differences in death and deceased donor kidney transplantation. Among adult first-time kidney transplantation candidates in the United States who were added to the deceased donor kidney transplantation waiting list between 1995 and 2014, disparities in the receipt of live donor kidney transplantation increased from 1995-1999 to 2010-2014.
AHRQ-funded; HS024600.
Citation: Purnell TS, Luo X, Cooper LA .
Association of race and ethnicity with live donor kidney transplantation in the United States from 1995 to 2014.
JAMA 2018 Jan 2;319(1):49-61. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.19152.
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Keywords: Disparities, Kidney Disease and Health, Kidney Disease and Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Transplantation
Butler M, McCreedy E, Nelson VA
Does cognitive training prevent cognitive decline?: A systematic review.
This review summarized evidence on the effects of cognitive training on cognitive performance and incident dementia outcomes for adults with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). It concluded that results for populations with MCI suggested no effect of training on performance (low-strength and insufficient evidence). Evidence for prevention of cognitive decline or dementia was insufficient.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500008I.
Citation: Butler M, McCreedy E, Nelson VA .
Does cognitive training prevent cognitive decline?: A systematic review.
Ann Intern Med 2018 Jan 2;168(1):63-68. doi: 10.7326/m17-1531.
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Keywords: Dementia, Evidence-Based Practice, Neurological Disorders, Prevention
Butler M, Nelson VA, Davila H
Over-the-counter supplement interventions to prevent cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and clinical Alzheimer-type dementia: a systematic review.
This review summarizes the evidence on efficacy and harms of over-the-counter (OTC) supplements to prevent or delay cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or clinical Alzheimer-type dementia in adults with normal cognition or MCI but no dementia diagnosis. It concluded that evidence is insufficient to recommend any OTC supplement for cognitive protection in adults with normal cognition or MCI.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500008I.
Citation: Butler M, Nelson VA, Davila H .
Over-the-counter supplement interventions to prevent cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and clinical Alzheimer-type dementia: a systematic review.
Ann Intern Med 2018 Jan 2;168(1):52-62. doi: 10.7326/m17-1530.
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Keywords: Dementia, Evidence-Based Practice, Prevention, Neurological Disorders
Fink HA, Jutkowitz E, McCarten JR
Pharmacologic interventions to prevent cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and clinical Alzheimer-type dementia: a systematic review.
This review summarized current evidence on the efficacy and harms of pharmacologic interventions to prevent or delay cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or dementia in adults with normal cognition or MCI. It concluded that evidence does not support use of the studied pharmacologic treatments for cognitive protection in persons with normal cognition or MCI.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500008I.
Citation: Fink HA, Jutkowitz E, McCarten JR .
Pharmacologic interventions to prevent cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and clinical Alzheimer-type dementia: a systematic review.
Ann Intern Med 2018 Jan 2;168(1):39-51. doi: 10.7326/m17-1529.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Dementia, Medication, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention
Brasure M, Desai P, Davila H
Physical activity interventions in preventing cognitive decline and Alzheimer-type dementia: a systematic review.
This systematic review assessed the effectiveness of physical activity interventions in slowing cognitive decline and delaying the onset of cognitive impairment and dementia in adults without diagnosed cognitive impairments. Evidence was insufficient to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of aerobic training, resistance training, or tai chi for improving cognition. ALSO, Evidence regarding effects on dementia prevention was insufficient for all physical activity interventions.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500008I.
Citation: Brasure M, Desai P, Davila H .
Physical activity interventions in preventing cognitive decline and Alzheimer-type dementia: a systematic review.
Ann Intern Med 2018 Jan 2;168(1):30-38. doi: 10.7326/m17-1528.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Dementia, Evidence-Based Practice, Lifestyle Changes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Graetz I, Huang J, Brand RJ
Bridging the digital divide: mobile access to personal health records among patients with diabetes.
The authors examined personal health record (PHR) use through a computer-based Web browser or mobile device. They found that mobile-ready PHRs may increase access among patients facing a digital divide in computer use, disproportionately reaching racial/ethnic minorities and lower socioeconomic status patients. They recommend continued efforts to increase equitable access to PHRs among patients with chronic conditions.
AHRQ-funded; HS015280.
Citation: Graetz I, Huang J, Brand RJ .
Bridging the digital divide: mobile access to personal health records among patients with diabetes.
Am J Manag Care 2018 Jan;24(1):43-48..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Diabetes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health
Leonard CE, Han X, Brensinger CM
Comparative risk of serious hypoglycemia with oral antidiabetic monotherapy: a retrospective cohort study.
The purpose of this study was to examine and compare risks of serious hypoglycemia among antidiabetic monotherapy-treated adults receiving metformin, a sulfonylurea, a meglitinide, or a thiazolidinedione. The investigators found that sulfonylureas were associated with the highest rates of serious hypoglycemia. Among all study drugs, the highest rate was seen with glyburide. Pioglitazone was associated with a lower adjusted hazard for serious hypoglycemia vs metformin, while rosiglitazone and nateglinide had hazards similar to that of metformin.
AHRQ-funded; HS023898.
Citation: Leonard CE, Han X, Brensinger CM .
Comparative risk of serious hypoglycemia with oral antidiabetic monotherapy: a retrospective cohort study.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2018 Jan;27(1):9-18. doi: 10.1002/pds.4337..
Keywords: Risk, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Diabetes, Medication
Nyman JA, Koc C, Dowd BE
Decomposition of moral hazard.
This study sought to simulate the portion of moral hazard that is due to the income transfer contained in the coinsurance price reduction. The investigators found that the efficient proportion of moral hazard varied from disease to disease, but was the highest for those with diabetes and cancer.
Citation: Nyman JA, Koc C, Dowd BE .
Decomposition of moral hazard.
J Health Econ 2018 Jan;57:168-78. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.12.003..
Keywords: Health Insurance, Healthcare Costs, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Payment
Bhise V, Rajan SS, Sittig DF
Defining and measuring diagnostic uncertainty in medicine: a systematic review.
In this paper, the authors conducted a systematic review to describe how diagnostic uncertainty is defined and measured in medical practice. The authors concluded that the term "diagnostic uncertainty" lacked a clear definition, and there was no comprehensive framework for its measurement in medical practice. Based on their review findings, they propose that diagnostic uncertainty be defined as a "subjective perception of an inability to provide an accurate explanation of the patient's health problem."
AHRQ-funded; HS022087; HS023602.
Citation: Bhise V, Rajan SS, Sittig DF .
Defining and measuring diagnostic uncertainty in medicine: a systematic review.
J Gen Intern Med 2018 Jan;33(1):103-15. doi: 10.1007/s11606-017-4164-1..
Keywords: Shared Decision Making, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Healthcare Delivery
Blackburn J, Albright KC, Haley WE
Men lacking a caregiver have greater risk of long-term nursing home placement after stroke.
The purpose of this study was to understand how the availability of a caregiver can affect nursing home placement after ischemic stroke and how this affects different subgroups differently. The investigators found that in men aged 65 and older who have survived an ischemic stroke, the lack of an available caregiver is associated with triple the risk of NHP within 5 years.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Blackburn J, Albright KC, Haley WE .
Men lacking a caregiver have greater risk of long-term nursing home placement after stroke.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2018 Jan;66(1):133-39. doi: 10.1111/jgs.15166..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Caregiving, Elderly, Long-Term Care, Men's Health, Nursing Homes, Stroke
Lau BD, Streiff MB, Kraus PS
Missed doses of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis at community hospitals: cause for alarm.
This study examined the rate of missed doses of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis at community hospitals in the Washington, DC and greater Baltimore metropolitan areas. This retrospective study included four hospitals within the Johns Hopkins Health System. Non-administration of VTE prophylaxis was found 10.9% to 15.0% of the time among the three community hospitals. About 43.6% of patients missed at least one dose in all four hospitals. The investigators weren’t able to categorize patients by specialty, however it has been reported that more doses are missed with medically ill patients than other hospitalized patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS024547.
Citation: Lau BD, Streiff MB, Kraus PS .
Missed doses of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis at community hospitals: cause for alarm.
J Gen Intern Med 2018 Jan;33(1):19-20. doi: 10.1007/s11606-017-4203-y..
Keywords: Blood Clots, Prevention, Blood Thinners, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Medication, Hospitals
Middleton A, Li S, Kuo YF
New institutionalization in long-term care after hospital discharge to skilled nursing facility.
Approximately half of individuals newly admitted to long-term care (LTC) nursing homes (NHs) experienced a prior hospitalization followed by discharge to a skilled nursing facility (SNF). The objective of this study was to examine characteristics associated with new institutionalizations of older adults on this care trajectory. Associations between risk factors and new LTC institutionalizations varied according to race and ethnicity, age, and level of cognitive function.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134.
Citation: Middleton A, Li S, Kuo YF .
New institutionalization in long-term care after hospital discharge to skilled nursing facility.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2018 Jan;66(1):56-63. doi: 10.1111/jgs.15131..
Keywords: Long-Term Care, Nursing Homes, Hospital Discharge, Elderly, Hospitalization, Medicare
Dulai PS, Siegel CA
Optimization of drug safety profile in inflammatory bowel disease through a personalized approach.
Treatment strategies and treatment options have changed considerably over the past decade for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). In this review the authors discuss the potential risks of therapy in IBD, opportunities to mitigate those risks, and a personalized approach to consider when using these agents in clinical practice.
AHRQ-funded; HS021747.
Citation: Dulai PS, Siegel CA .
Optimization of drug safety profile in inflammatory bowel disease through a personalized approach.
Curr Drug Targets 2018;19(7):740-47. doi: 10.2174/1389450118666170525114939..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Shared Decision Making, Digestive Disease and Health, Medication, Patient-Centered Healthcare
Santos P, Hefele JG, Ritter G
Population-based risk factors for shoulder dystocia.
This retrospective observational study examined population-based risk factors for infant shoulder dystocia during labor. Five hospitals in 5 states were used and over 19,000 births evaluated between April 2011 and July 2013. An increased risk for dystocia was found for women who were prescribed insulin, indicating gestational diabetes. However this was not true of women with gestational diabetes who were not prescribed insulin. Other risk factors included being Black, Hispanic, covered by Medicaid or no insurance, infant gestational age of 41 weeks or greater, and chronic diabetes.
AHRQ-funded; HS019608.
Citation: Santos P, Hefele JG, Ritter G .
Population-based risk factors for shoulder dystocia.
J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2018 Jan;47(1):32-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jogn.2017.11.011..
Keywords: Labor and Delivery, Newborns/Infants, Risk, Pregnancy, Injuries and Wounds, Adverse Events
Kazemi DM, Borsari B, Levine MJ
REMIT: Development of a mHealth theory-based intervention to decrease heavy episodic drinking among college students.
This paper discusses development of a mHealth theory-based intervention to decrease heavy episodic drinking among college students. Informed by current theories of Ecological Momentary Interventions (EMI), Motivational Interviewing (MI), and the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of Change, investigators developed a self-monitoring app-Reductions through Ecological Momentary/Motivational Intervention/Transtheoretical (REMIT)-with the aim of reducing hazardous drinking among college students. The app was developed using the Integrate, Design, Assess, and Share (IDEAS) framework.
AHRQ-funded; HS023875.
Citation: Kazemi DM, Borsari B, Levine MJ .
REMIT: Development of a mHealth theory-based intervention to decrease heavy episodic drinking among college students.
Addict Res Theory 2018;26(5):377-85. doi: 10.1080/16066359.2017.1420783..
Keywords: Alcohol Use, Young Adults
Cramer JD, Dilger AE, Schneider A
Risk of venous thromboembolism among otolaryngology patients vs general surgery and plastic surgery patients.
Researchers examined the rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE) for various otolaryngology procedures compared with an established average-risk field and low-risk field. They identified a high-risk group for VTE in otolaryngology; however, they found that most patients undergoing otolaryngology procedures are at low risk of VTE, indicating that guidelines for a low-risk population could be adapted to otolaryngology. The authors concluded that patients undergoing high-risk otolaryngology procedures should be considered as candidates for more aggressive VTE prophylaxis.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Cramer JD, Dilger AE, Schneider A .
Risk of venous thromboembolism among otolaryngology patients vs general surgery and plastic surgery patients.
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018 Jan;144(1):9-17. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2017.1768..
Keywords: Surgery, Blood Clots, Risk, Adverse Events, Patient Safety
Stone C, Gebretsadik T, Lee RL
Trends in health care utilization for asthma exacerbations among diverse populations with asthma in the United States.
This article discusses trends in asthma hospitalization and outpatient visit rates from 2004 to 2010. The rates for all populations included in this study went down during the time period, in particular the population from the Tennessee Medicaid program (49%). Other populations used in the study included subjects 4 to 50 years enrolled in the US Department of Defense Military Health System (MHS), and 3 large integrated health delivery systems (IHCDS) of the Population Based Effectiveness in Asthma and Lung Diseases (PEAL) Network. The 3 PEAL health plans included Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, and Kaiser Permanent Northern California. A total of 473,524 subjects in those 3 study populations were identified. These downward trends are encouraging but need to continue, particularly in diverse populations.
AHRQ-funded; HS019669; HS022093.
Citation: Stone C, Gebretsadik T, Lee RL .
Trends in health care utilization for asthma exacerbations among diverse populations with asthma in the United States.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2018 Jan - Feb;6(1):295-97.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.07.038..
Keywords: Asthma, Healthcare Utilization, Hospitalization, Healthcare Delivery, Chronic Conditions, Ambulatory Care and Surgery