National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
8376 to 8400 of 12214 Research Studies DisplayedTraino HM, West SM, Nonterah CW
Communicating About Choices in Transplantation (COACH).
This article presents pilot results of the behavioral communication intervention program, Communicating about Choices in Transplantation (COACH), designed to improve transplant candidates' communication about transplantation. The authors indicate that results provided preliminary support for the program's impact. Moreover, participant evaluations of the COACH were overwhelmingly positive. They noted that a more definitive program evaluation with a larger, more diverse sample is currently underway.
AHRQ-funded; HS018113; HS021312.
Citation: Traino HM, West SM, Nonterah CW .
Communicating About Choices in Transplantation (COACH).
Prog Transplant 2017 Mar;27(1):31-38. doi: 10.1177/1526924816679844..
Keywords: Clinician-Patient Communication, Communication, Shared Decision Making, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Kidney Disease and Health, Transplantation
Brand SR, Fasciano K, Mack JW
Communication preferences of pediatric cancer patients: talking about prognosis and their future life.
The aim of this study was to explore how young cancer patients experienced communication around their illness, especially communication about possible outcomes from disease or treatment. Overall, participants wanted medical information to be provided to them by their healthcare providers and wanted to be direct participants in medical conversations. However, many participants displayed some ambivalence or conveyed conflicting wishes for prognostic information.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Brand SR, Fasciano K, Mack JW .
Communication preferences of pediatric cancer patients: talking about prognosis and their future life.
Support Care Cancer 2017 Mar;25(3):769-74. doi: 10.1007/s00520-016-3458-x.
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Keywords: Cancer, Children/Adolescents, Communication, Clinician-Patient Communication
Berry JG, Glotzbecker M, Rodean J
Comorbidities and complications of spinal fusion for scoliosis.
The researchers assessed the relationship between specific chronic conditions of children with medical complexity (CMC) and hospital resource use with spinal fusion for scoliosis, an operation with high cost and morbidity. They concluded that chronic respiratory insufficiency, bladder dysfunction, and epilepsy had significant associations with hospital resource use for CMC undergoing spinal fusion.
AHRQ-funded; HS024453.
Citation: Berry JG, Glotzbecker M, Rodean J .
Comorbidities and complications of spinal fusion for scoliosis.
Pediatrics 2017 Mar;139(3):e20162574. doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-2574.
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Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Children/Adolescents, Chronic Conditions, Adverse Events, Surgery
Sathe N, Chinnadurai S, McPheeters M
Comparative effectiveness of partial versus total tonsillectomy in children.
This review assessed the effectiveness of partial versus total tonsillectomy in children. Data did not allow firm conclusions regarding the comparative benefit of partial versus total removal; however, neither surgical technique nor extent of surgery appeared to affect outcomes markedly. Partial tonsillectomy conferred moderate advantages in return to normal diet/activity but was also associated with tonsillar regrowth and symptom recurrence.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500003I.
Citation: Sathe N, Chinnadurai S, McPheeters M .
Comparative effectiveness of partial versus total tonsillectomy in children.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017 Mar;156(3):456-63. doi: 10.1177/0194599816683916.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Children/Adolescents, Surgery, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Children/Adolescents
Mody L, Greene MT, Saint S
Comparing catheter-associated urinary tract infection prevention programs between Veterans Affairs nursing homes and non-Veterans Affairs nursing homes.
Nursing homes provided baseline information about their infection prevention programs to assess strengths and gaps related to catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) prevention via a needs assessment questionnaire. Among nursing homes participating in an AHRQ-funded collaborative, VA and non-VA nursing homes differed in their approach to CAUTI prevention. Best practices from both settings should be applied universally to create an optimal infection prevention program within emerging integrated healthcare systems.
AHRQ-funded; 290201000025I; HS019767; HS024385; HS018334.
Citation: Mody L, Greene MT, Saint S .
Comparing catheter-associated urinary tract infection prevention programs between Veterans Affairs nursing homes and non-Veterans Affairs nursing homes.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017 Mar;38(3):287-93. doi: 10.1017/ice.2016.279.
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Keywords: Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Long-Term Care, Nursing Homes, Prevention
Johnson TJ, Winger DG, Hickey RW
Comparison of physician implicit racial bias toward adults versus children.
This study compared implicit racial bias toward adults versus children among resident physicians working in a pediatric emergency department. It found that resident physicians have implicit racial bias against black children, similar to levels of bias against black adults. Bias in the study did not vary by resident demographic characteristics, including specialty, suggesting that pediatric residents are as susceptible as other physicians to implicit bias.
AHRQ-funded; HS017587.
Citation: Johnson TJ, Winger DG, Hickey RW .
Comparison of physician implicit racial bias toward adults versus children.
Acad Pediatr 2017 Mar;17(2):120-26. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2016.08.010.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Provider: Health Personnel, Children/Adolescents, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Fritz JM, Kim M, Magel JS
Cost-effectiveness of primary care management with or without early physical therapy for acute low back pain: economic evaluation of a randomized clinical trial.
The objective of this study was to compare costs and cost-effectiveness of usual primary care management for patients with acute low back pain with or without the addition of early physical therapy. The authors suggest that their results support early physical therapy as cost-effective relative to usual primary care after 1 year for patients with acute, nonspecific lower back pain.
AHRQ-funded; HS018672.
Citation: Fritz JM, Kim M, Magel JS .
Cost-effectiveness of primary care management with or without early physical therapy for acute low back pain: economic evaluation of a randomized clinical trial.
Spine 2017 Mar;42(5):285-90. doi: 10.1097/brs.0000000000001729..
Keywords: Back Health and Pain, Healthcare Costs, Pain, Primary Care
Green TC, Potter N, Bratberg J
Detecting naloxone prejudices in the pharmacy setting.
This survey asked pharmacists how concerned they would be about dispensing pain medications (or Suboxone) to customers who are getting or already have naloxone. Fifty-nine percent of respondents indicated no or little increased concern about dispensing either medication to a known naloxone recipient. Greater concern was reported by pharmacists when considering dispensing pain medications to a known naloxone recipient.
AHRQ-funded; Letter related to AHRQ-funded MOON project (HS024021).
Citation: Green TC, Potter N, Bratberg J .
Detecting naloxone prejudices in the pharmacy setting.
J Am Pharm Assoc 2017 Mar - Apr;57(2s):S10-s11. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2016.12.068.
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Keywords: Medication, Provider: Pharmacist, Social Media, Substance Abuse
Ouayogode MH, Colla CH, Lewis VA
Determinants of success in shared savings programs: an analysis of ACO and market characteristics.
This study examined Accountable Care Organization (ACO) and market factors associated with superior financial performance in Medicare ACO programs. No characteristic of organizational structure was significantly associated with both outcomes of savings per beneficiary and likelihood of achieving shared savings. ACO prior experience with risk-bearing contracts was positively correlated with savings and significantly increased the likelihood of receiving shared savings payments.
AHRQ-funded; HS024075.
Citation: Ouayogode MH, Colla CH, Lewis VA .
Determinants of success in shared savings programs: an analysis of ACO and market characteristics.
Healthc 2017 Mar;5(1-2):53-61. doi: 10.1016/j.hjdsi.2016.08.002.
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Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Payment, Policy, Medicare
Sisic M, Kirby JS, Boyal S
Development of a quality-of-life measure for hidradenitis suppurativa.
The objective of this study was to develop a QoL instrument for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS-QoL) in accordance with recommended standards. : Concept elicitation interviews with patients with HS generated 12 themes. Most frequently reported were impacts on daily activities and symptoms due to HS. These themes, along with literature review and input from clinical experts, informed development of the HS-QoL-v1.
AHRQ-funded; HS024585.
Citation: Sisic M, Kirby JS, Boyal S .
Development of a quality-of-life measure for hidradenitis suppurativa.
J Cutan Med Surg 2017 Mar/Apr;21(2):152-55. doi: 10.1177/1203475416677721.
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Keywords: Patient Experience, Quality Measures, Quality of Life, Skin Conditions
Brennan MB, Hess TM, Bartle B
Diabetic foot ulcer severity predicts mortality among veterans with type 2 diabetes.
Diabetic foot ulcers are associated with an increased risk of death. This study evaluated whether ulcer severity at presentation predicts mortality. It concluded that initial diabetic foot ulcer severity is a more significant predictor of subsequent mortality than coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, or stroke.
AHRQ-funded; HS018542.
Citation: Brennan MB, Hess TM, Bartle B .
Diabetic foot ulcer severity predicts mortality among veterans with type 2 diabetes.
J Diabetes Complications. 2017 Mar;31(3):556-561. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.11.020..
Keywords: Diabetes, Mortality, Chronic Conditions, Pressure Ulcers
Naidech AM, Toledo P, Prabhakaran S
Disparities in the use of seizure medications after intracerebral hemorrhage.
The researchers investigated potential disparities in the use of prophylactic seizure medications in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. They concluded that although multicenter electronic health record data showed apparent racial/ethnic disparities in the use of prophylactic seizure medications, a more complete single-center cohort found the apparent disparity to be confounded by the clinical factors of hypertension and hematoma location.
AHRQ-funded; HS023437; HS000078.
Citation: Naidech AM, Toledo P, Prabhakaran S .
Disparities in the use of seizure medications after intracerebral hemorrhage.
Stroke 2017 Mar;48(3):802-04. doi: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.015779.
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Keywords: Disparities, Medication, Prevention, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Risk
Jolles MP, Wells R
Does caregiver participation in decision making within child welfare agencies influence children's primary and mental health care service use?
This study uses a national sample of children involved with child welfare to compare their health service use between those children served through a participatory decision making (PDM) practice and those who did not experience it. It concluded that lower-risk families were more likely to be served through PDM which was positively associated with child use of primary health services.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Jolles MP, Wells R .
Does caregiver participation in decision making within child welfare agencies influence children's primary and mental health care service use?
Child Care Health Dev 2017 Mar;43(2):192-201. doi: 10.1111/cch.12384.
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Keywords: Caregiving, Children/Adolescents, Shared Decision Making, Health Services Research (HSR), Patient and Family Engagement
Wang RC, Smith-Bindman R, Whitaker E
Effect of tamsulosin on stone passage for ureteral stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The researchers performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of tamsulosin on stone passage in patients receiving a diagnosis of ureteral stone. They concluded that tamsulosin significantly improves stone passage in patients with larger stones, whereas the effect of tamsulosin is diminished in those with smaller stones, who are likely to pass their stone regardless of treatment.
AHRQ-funded; HS021281.
Citation: Wang RC, Smith-Bindman R, Whitaker E .
Effect of tamsulosin on stone passage for ureteral stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ann Emerg Med 2017 Mar;69(3):353-61.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.06.044.
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Keywords: Medication, Outcomes, Treatments
Stone B, Hester G, Jackson D
Effectiveness of fundoplication or gastrojejunal feeding in children with neurologic impairment.
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER), aspiration, and secondary complications lead to morbidity and mortality in children with neurologic impairment (NI), dysphagia, and gastrostomy feeding. Fundoplication and gastrojejunal (GJ) feeding can reduce risk. A comparison of GJ to fundoplication using first-year postprocedure reflux-related hospitalization (RRH) rates found that in children with NI, GER, and dysphagia,:fundoplication and GJ feeding have similar RRH outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS019862.
Citation: Stone B, Hester G, Jackson D .
Effectiveness of fundoplication or gastrojejunal feeding in children with neurologic impairment.
Hosp Pediatr 2017 Mar;7(3):140-48. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2016-0126.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Digestive Disease and Health, Neurological Disorders, Nutrition, Outcomes, Treatments
Musey PI, Jr., Kline JA
Emergency department cardiopulmonary evaluation of low-risk chest pain patients with self-reported stress and anxiety.
This study aimed to was to measure the frequency of self-identified stress or anxiety among chest pain patients, and compare their pretest probabilities, care processes, and outcomes. It concluded that without prompting, 8 percent of patients self-identified "stress" or "anxiety" as the etiology for their chest pain. Most had low pretest probability, were over-investigated for acute coronary syndrome and pulmonary embolism and not investigated for anxiety syndromes.
AHRQ-funded; HS018519.
Citation: Musey PI, Jr., Kline JA .
Emergency department cardiopulmonary evaluation of low-risk chest pain patients with self-reported stress and anxiety.
J Emerg Med 2017 Mar;52(3):273-79. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.11.022.
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Keywords: Anxiety, Emergency Department, Health Services Research (HSR), Pain, Stress
Metzler IS, Smith-Bindman R, Moghadassi M
Emergency department imaging modality effect on surgical management of nephrolithiasis: a multicenter, randomized clinical trial.
In this multicenter randomized clinical trial the inivestigators examined rates of urological referral and intervention to elucidate whether the initial diagnostic imaging modality affected the management of nephrolithiasis. They concluded that patients undergoing a urological intervention who had ultrasonography as initial imaging did not experience a significant delay to intervention or different procedure types, but the majority ultimately underwent computerized tomography before surgery.
AHRQ-funded; HS021281.
Citation: Metzler IS, Smith-Bindman R, Moghadassi M .
Emergency department imaging modality effect on surgical management of nephrolithiasis: a multicenter, randomized clinical trial.
J Urol 2017 Mar;197(3 Pt 1):710-14. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.09.122..
Keywords: Emergency Department, Imaging, Surgery
Corrado MM, Shi J, Wheeler KK
Emergency medical services (EMS) versus non-EMS transport among injured children in the United States.
This study assessed the proportions of injured children transported to trauma centers by different transportation modes and evaluated the effect of transportation mode on inter-facility transfer rates using the US national trauma registry. Over one third of US pediatric trauma patients used non-EMS transport to arrive at trauma centers. Moderate to severely injured children benefit from EMS transport and professional field triage.
AHRQ-funded; HS024263.
Citation: Corrado MM, Shi J, Wheeler KK .
Emergency medical services (EMS) versus non-EMS transport among injured children in the United States.
Am J Emerg Med 2017 Mar;35(3):475-78. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.11.059.
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Keywords: Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Children/Adolescents, Trauma, Critical Care
Meddings J, Reichert H, Greene MT
Evaluation of the association between Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS) measures and catheter-associated infections: results of two national collaboratives.
This study examined the association between hospital units' results for the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS) and catheter-associated infection rates. It found no association between results of the HSOPS and catheter-associated infection rates when measured at baseline and postintervention in two successful large national collaboratives focused on prevention of central-line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI).
AHRQ-funded; 290201000025I; 29032001T; HS019767.
Citation: Meddings J, Reichert H, Greene MT .
Evaluation of the association between Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS) measures and catheter-associated infections: results of two national collaboratives.
BMJ Qual Saf 2017 Mar;26(3):226-35. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2015-005012.
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Keywords: Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI), Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI), Comprehensive Unit-based Safety Program (CUSP), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Hospitals, Patient Safety, Prevention
Cook BL, Carson NJ, Kafali EN
Examining psychotropic medication use among youth in the U.S. by race/ethnicity and psychological impairment.
This study examined racial/ethnic differences in the prescription of psychotropic medications among youth with and without psychological impairment. Compared to Black and Latino youth with psychological impairment, White youth were more likely to be prescribed psychotropic medications when impaired. Among youth never having psychological impairment, White youth were also more likely to be prescribed medications compared to their racial/ethnic minority counterparts.
AHRQ-funded; HS021486.
Citation: Cook BL, Carson NJ, Kafali EN .
Examining psychotropic medication use among youth in the U.S. by race/ethnicity and psychological impairment.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2017 Mar - Apr;45:32-39. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2016.12.004.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Medication, Behavioral Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Karam M, Scherzer R, Ogbogu PU
Food allergy prevalence, knowledge, and behavioral trends among college students - a 6-year comparison.
In this study, the investigators reassess trends in reported student food allergen awareness and preparation, to compare 6-year outcomes of an earlier study within the same university. They also assess awareness among nonefood-allergic students and compare trends at 2 other large Midwestern universities without a food allergy diet/labeling program.
AHRQ-funded; HS024599.
Citation: Karam M, Scherzer R, Ogbogu PU .
Food allergy prevalence, knowledge, and behavioral trends among college students - a 6-year comparison.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2017 Mar - Apr;5(2):504-06.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.11.035..
Keywords: Nutrition, Outcomes, Young Adults
Kost RG, Leinberger-Jabari A, Evering TH
Helping basic scientists engage with community partners to enrich and accelerate translational research.
In 2009, The Rockefeller University Center for Clinical and Translational Science partnered with Clinical Directors Network, a practice-based research network (PBRN), to create a community-engaged research navigation (CEnR-Nav) program to foster research pairing basic science and community-driven scientific aims. The program is led by an academic navigator and a PBRN navigator. This paper reports on its activities.
AHRQ-funded; HS021667.
Citation: Kost RG, Leinberger-Jabari A, Evering TH .
Helping basic scientists engage with community partners to enrich and accelerate translational research.
Acad Med 2017 Mar;92(3):374-79. doi: 10.1097/acm.0000000000001200.
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Keywords: Practice-Based Research Network (PBRN), Research Methodologies, Implementation
Yim CK, Barron Y, Moore S
Hospice enrollment in patients with advanced heart failure decreases acute medical service utilization.
Patients with advanced heart failure (HF) enroll in hospice at low rates, and data on their acute medical service utilization after hospice enrollment is limited. This descriptive analysis of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries found that home health care Medicare beneficiaries with advanced HF who enrolled in hospice had lower acute medical service utilization after their enrollment.
AHRQ-funded; HS020257.
Citation: Yim CK, Barron Y, Moore S .
Hospice enrollment in patients with advanced heart failure decreases acute medical service utilization.
Circ Heart Fail 2017 Mar;10(3). doi: 10.1161/circheartfailure.116.003335.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Heart Disease and Health, Healthcare Utilization, Medicare, Palliative Care
Oladeru OA, Hamadu M, Cleary PD
House staff communication training and patient experience scores.
The purpose of this study was to assess whether communication training for housestaff via role-playing exercises (1) was well-received and (2) improved patient experience scores in housestaff clinics. Forty-four of a possible 45 housestaff (97.8%) participated, with 31 (70.5%) indicating that the role-playing exercise increased their perception of the 5-step strategy the study emphasized.
AHRQ-funded; HS016978.
Citation: Oladeru OA, Hamadu M, Cleary PD .
House staff communication training and patient experience scores.
J Patient Exp 2017 Mar 1;4(1):28-36. doi: 10.1177/2374373517694533..
Keywords: Communication, Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS), Patient Experience, Patient Experience, Training
Schlitz NK, Warner DF, Sun J
Identifying specific combinations of multimorbidity that contribute to health care resource utilization: an analytic approach.
The objective was to identify specific combinations of chronic conditions, functional limitations, and geriatric syndromes associated with direct medical costs and inpatient utilization. The multimorbid population is heterogeneous and there is considerable variation in how specific combinations of morbidity influence resource use. Functional limitations were more important than many chronic diseases in explaining resource use.
AHRQ-funded; HS023113.
Citation: Schlitz NK, Warner DF, Sun J .
Identifying specific combinations of multimorbidity that contribute to health care resource utilization: an analytic approach.
Med Care 2017 Mar;55(3):276-84. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000660.
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Keywords: Elderly, Chronic Conditions, Healthcare Utilization, Hospitalization, Healthcare Costs