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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
10751 to 10775 of 12139 Research Studies DisplayedTroyer JL, Jones AE, Shapiro NI
Cost-effectiveness of quantitative pretest probability intended to reduce unnecessary medical radiation exposure in emergency department patients with chest pain and dyspnea.
The purpose of this study was to consider the long-term (beyond 30-day) costs and beyond 90-day outcomes of the pretest probability intervention. It found that a single use of a quantitative pretest probability instrument with associated clinical advice resulted in lifetime medical cost savings of approximately $500, with a small increase in quality-of-life years, for a 40-year-old patient.
AHRQ-funded; HS018519.
Citation: Troyer JL, Jones AE, Shapiro NI .
Cost-effectiveness of quantitative pretest probability intended to reduce unnecessary medical radiation exposure in emergency department patients with chest pain and dyspnea.
Acad Emerg Med 2015 May;22(5):525-35. doi: 10.1111/acem.12648..
Keywords: Emergency Department, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Healthcare Costs, Healthcare Costs
Del Fiol G, Crouch BI, Cummins MR
Data standards to support health information exchange between poison control centers and emergency departments.
The researchers identified and assessed a set of data standards to enable a standards-based health information exchange process between emergency departments (EDs) and poison control centers (PCCs). They determined that four Consolidated Clinical Document Architecture document types were necessary to support the PCC–ED information exchange process: History & Physical Note, Consultation Note, Progress Note, and Discharge Summary.
AHRQ-funded; HS021472.
Citation: Del Fiol G, Crouch BI, Cummins MR .
Data standards to support health information exchange between poison control centers and emergency departments.
J Am Med Inform Assoc 2015 May;22(3):519-28. doi: 10.1136/amiajnl-2014-003127..
Keywords: Data, Emergency Department, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Health Information Exchange (HIE), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Finnell SM, Rosenman MB, Christenson JC
Decolonization of children after incision and drainage for MRSA abscess: a retrospective cohort study.
The researchers sought to determine whether decolonization following incision and drainage (I&D) for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) abscess decreases repeat I&D and MRSA-positive cultures in children. They found that no statistically significant association between referral to the Pediatric Infectious Disease Service for decolonization and the outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS020014.
Citation: Finnell SM, Rosenman MB, Christenson JC .
Decolonization of children after incision and drainage for MRSA abscess: a retrospective cohort study.
Clin Pediatr 2015 May;54(5):445-50. doi: 10.1177/0009922814556059..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Treatments
Santos CA, Brennan DC, Chapman WC
Delayed-onset cytomegalovirus disease coded during hospital readmission in a multicenter, retrospective cohort of liver transplant recipients.
The researchers sought to determine the risk factors and outcomes of delayed-onset CMV disease among a representative cohort of liver transplant recipients from multiple centers. They found that delayed-onset CMV disease coded during hospital readmission occurred more commonly than early-onset CMV disease and that prior transplant failure or rejection was a risk factor for delayed-onset CMV disease.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Santos CA, Brennan DC, Chapman WC .
Delayed-onset cytomegalovirus disease coded during hospital readmission in a multicenter, retrospective cohort of liver transplant recipients.
Liver Transpl 2015 May;21(5):581-90. doi: 10.1002/lt.24089..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Risk, Transplantation, Outcomes
Santos CA, Brennan DC, Chapman WC
Delayed-onset cytomegalovirus disease coded during hospital readmission in a multicenter, retrospective cohort of liver transplant recipients.
The researchers sought to determine the risk factors and outcomes associated with delayed-onset cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease among liver transplant recipients. Data from a group of 7,229 adult liver transplant recipients showed that delayed onset CMV disease was twice as likely as early onset CMV disease, with transplant failure or rejection being a risk factor.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455
Citation: Santos CA, Brennan DC, Chapman WC .
Delayed-onset cytomegalovirus disease coded during hospital readmission in a multicenter, retrospective cohort of liver transplant recipients.
Liver Transpl. 2015 May;21(5):581-90. doi: 10.1002/lt.24089..
Keywords: Outcomes, Transplantation, Quality of Care, Chronic Conditions
Patel N, Yopp AC, Singal AG
Diagnostic delays are common among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
The primary goals of this study were to quantify diagnostic delays among patients diagnosed with HCC and identify factors associated with delays in follow-up testing. It found that 1 in 5 patients experienced significant diagnostic delays, allowing for interval tumor growth. Delays in diagnosis are particularly common among patients who present as an outpatient, being present in more than one-third of cases.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Patel N, Yopp AC, Singal AG .
Diagnostic delays are common among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2015 May;13(5):543-9..
Keywords: Cancer, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Imaging
Horner-Johnson W, Dobbertin K, Iezzoni LI
Disparities in receipt of breast and cervical cancer screening for rural women age 18 to 64 with disabilities.
The authors examined the combination of disability status and rurality in association with receipt of breast and cervical cancer screening among women age 18 to 64 in the United States. They found that women with disabilities were less likely to be up to date with mammograms and Pap tests compared with women with no disabilities, and women in rural areas were less likely to have received breast or cervical cancer screening within recommended timeframes. Women with a disability who lived in a rural area were the least likely to be current with screening.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Horner-Johnson W, Dobbertin K, Iezzoni LI .
Disparities in receipt of breast and cervical cancer screening for rural women age 18 to 64 with disabilities.
Womens Health Issues 2015 May-Jun;25(3):246-53. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2015.02.004.
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Keywords: Cancer, Disabilities, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Rural Health, Screening
Petrov ME, Goodin BR, Cruz-Almeida Y
Disrupted sleep is associated with altered pain processing by sex and ethnicity in knee osteoarthritis.
This study examines the association between sleep disruption with increased pain sensitivity and enhanced pain facilitation in addition to reduced pain inhibition in persons with chronic pain such as knee OA. It found that disrupted sleep was associated with altered pain processing by sex and ethnicity/race.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Petrov ME, Goodin BR, Cruz-Almeida Y .
Disrupted sleep is associated with altered pain processing by sex and ethnicity in knee osteoarthritis.
J Pain 2015 May;16(5):478-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2015.02.004..
Keywords: Pain, Sleep Problems, Arthritis, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sex Factors
Singh JA, Ramachandran R
Does hospital volume predict outcomes and complications after total shoulder arthroplasty in the US?
The researchers assessed the association of hospital procedure volume for total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) with patient outcomes and complications. They found that, compared to low volume hospitals (<5, 5–9, or 10–14 procedures annually), patients receiving TSA at higher volume hospitals (15–24 or ‡25 procedures annually) had significantly lower likelihood of being discharged to an inpatient medical facility.
AHRQ-funded; HS021110.
Citation: Singh JA, Ramachandran R .
Does hospital volume predict outcomes and complications after total shoulder arthroplasty in the US?
Arthritis Care Res 2015 May;67(6):885-90. doi: 10.1002/acr.22507..
Keywords: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Adverse Events, Patient Safety, Quality of Care, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
O'Brien EC, Kim S, Hess PL
Effect of the 2014 atrial fibrillation guideline revisions on the proportion of patients recommended for oral anticoagulation.
Researchers assessed the potential effect of a new guideline for atrial fibrillation (AF) by comparing the proportion of patients with AF recommended for oral anticoagulation (OAC) under the 2011 and 2014 guidelines. They found that two-thirds of patients with AF who were previously not recommended for OAC are newly recommended under the 2014 guideline. They advised future studies evaluating longitudinal changes in anticoagulation treatment patterns and outcomes among patients reclassified by the new guidelines.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: O'Brien EC, Kim S, Hess PL .
Effect of the 2014 atrial fibrillation guideline revisions on the proportion of patients recommended for oral anticoagulation.
JAMA Intern Med 2015 May;175(5):848-50. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.13.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Blood Thinners, Guidelines, Medication, Cardiovascular Conditions, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Carman KL, Mallery C, Maurer M
Effectiveness of public deliberation methods for gathering input on issues in healthcare: results from a randomized trial.
The researchers conducted a 5-arm randomized controlled trial, assigning participants to one of four deliberative methods or to a reading materials only control group. They found that participating in deliberation increased participants' knowledge of evidence and comparative effectiveness research and shifted participants' attitudes regarding the role of evidence in decision-making.
AHRQ-funded; 290201000005C.
Citation: Carman KL, Mallery C, Maurer M .
Effectiveness of public deliberation methods for gathering input on issues in healthcare: results from a randomized trial.
Soc Sci Med 2015 May;133:11-20. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.03.024..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Research Methodologies, Decision Making
Moss J, Berner ES
Evaluating clinical decision support tools for medication administration safety in a simulated environment.
This study aimed to develop a methodology and tools for the design of clinical decision support systems to decrease the incidence of medication administration errors. Nurses’ evaluation of the medication administration decision support tools as well as their actual performance revealed a tendency to underestimate their need for support. Their preferences were for decision support that was short, color coded, and easily accessed.
AHRQ-funded; HS016660.
Citation: Moss J, Berner ES .
Evaluating clinical decision support tools for medication administration safety in a simulated environment.
Int J Med Inform 2015 May;84(5):308-18. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.01.018..
Keywords: Patient Safety, Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Medication, Adverse Drug Events (ADE)
Patel PA, Robicsek A, Grayes A
Evaluation of multiple real-time PCR tests on nasal samples in a large MRSA surveillance program.
The researchers evaluated the LightCycler MRSA Advanced Test (Roche Molecular Diagnostics, Pleasanton, CA), the BD MAX MRSA assay (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ), and the Xpert MRSA assay (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA) on nasal samples using the same population. Their results suggest that the performance of the three commercial assays is similar.
AHRQ-funded; HS019968.
Citation: Patel PA, Robicsek A, Grayes A .
Evaluation of multiple real-time PCR tests on nasal samples in a large MRSA surveillance program.
Am J Clin Pathol 2015 May;143(5):652-8. doi: 10.1309/ajcpmdy32ztdxpfc..
Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Patient Safety, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Genetics
Westover AN, Nakonezny PA, Barlow CE
Exercise outcomes in prevalent users of stimulant medications.
This study compared prevalent stimulant medication users to matched nonusers undergoing a maximal treadmill test for differences in peak systolic blood pressure, average rise in SBP during exercise, peak heart rate (HR), and aerobic exercise capacity. It found that stimulant use was associated with a decreased peak HR as well as an increased risk of chronotropic incompetence.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Westover AN, Nakonezny PA, Barlow CE .
Exercise outcomes in prevalent users of stimulant medications.
J Psychiatr Res 2015 May;64:32-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.03.011.
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Keywords: Medication, Substance Abuse, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Valdez RS, Brennan PF
Exploring patients' health information communication practices with social network members as a foundation for consumer health IT design.
The purpose of this study was to inform the broader design of consumer health IT by characterizing patients’ existing health information communication practices with their social network members. It found that participants’ rationales for health information communication reflected various themes including characteristics and circumstances of the person, characteristics and circumstances of the relationship, and structure and composition of the social network.
AHRQ-funded; HS018809.
Citation: Valdez RS, Brennan PF .
Exploring patients' health information communication practices with social network members as a foundation for consumer health IT design.
Int J Med Inform 2015 May;84(5):363-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.01.014..
Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Communication, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Health Information Technology (HIT)
Butz AM, Ogborn J, Mudd S
Factors associated with high short-acting beta2-agonist use in urban children with asthma.
The investigators examined factors associated with high short-acting β₂ agonist (SABA) use in inner-city children with asthma. They found that high SABA users were more than 5 times more likely to have an asthma hospitalization, almost 3 times more likely to have an asthma intensive care unit admission, and more than 3 times more likely to have prior specialty asthma care or positive cockroach sensitization than low to moderate SABA users.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Butz AM, Ogborn J, Mudd S .
Factors associated with high short-acting beta2-agonist use in urban children with asthma.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2015 May;114(5):385-92. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2015.03.002.
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Keywords: Asthma, Children/Adolescents, Medication, Urban Health
Huesch M, Doctor JN
Factors associated with increased cesarean risk among African American women: evidence from California, 2010.
The researchers studied the association of maternal health in African American women in hospitals or communities with the rates of cesarean delivery of infants. They found that cesarean rates were significantly higher overall for African American women than other women (unadjusted rate 36.8 percent vs 32.7 percent), as were both elective and emergency primary cesarean rates.
AHRQ-funded; HS021868.
Citation: Huesch M, Doctor JN .
Factors associated with increased cesarean risk among African American women: evidence from California, 2010.
Am J Public Health 2015 May;105(5):956-62. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302381..
Keywords: Labor and Delivery, Maternal Care, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Yun H, Delzell E, Saag KG
Fractures and mortality in relation to different osteoporosis treatments.
The researchers aimed to determine if fracture and mortality rates vary among patients initiating different osteoporosis medications. They found that IV ibandronate and calcitonin were associated with higher rates of some types of fracture when compared to IV zolendronic acid. The relatively high mortality associated with use of calcitonin may reflect the poorer health of users of this agent.
AHRQ-funded; HS018517.
Citation: Yun H, Delzell E, Saag KG .
Fractures and mortality in relation to different osteoporosis treatments.
Clin Exp Rheumatol 2015 May-Jun;33(3):302-9..
Keywords: Osteoporosis, Medication, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Sjoding MW, Iwashyna TJ, Dimick JB
Gaming hospital-level pneumonia 30-day mortality and readmission measures by legitimate changes to diagnostic coding.
The researchers sought to determine the degree to which hospitals can game mortality or readmission measures and change their rankings by recoding patients with pneumonia. They concluded that hospitals can improve apparent pneumonia mortality and readmission rates by recoding pneumonia patients. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services should consider changes to their methods used to calculate hospital-level pneumonia outcome measures.
AHRQ-funded; HS020672.
Citation: Sjoding MW, Iwashyna TJ, Dimick JB .
Gaming hospital-level pneumonia 30-day mortality and readmission measures by legitimate changes to diagnostic coding.
Crit Care Med 2015 May;43(5):989-95. doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000862..
Keywords: Elderly, Hospital Readmissions, Medicare, Mortality, Pneumonia, Quality Indicators (QIs)
Slota C, Sayner R, Vitko M
Glaucoma patient expression of medication problems and nonadherence.
The purpose of this article was to evaluate what patient characteristics led patients to express (1) medication problems, including difficulty with side effects and eye drop administration, and (2) problems with nonadherence to glaucoma medications. It found that patients with lower health literacy are less likely to express medication-related problems and patients who express medication problems often express nonadherence.
AHRQ-funded; HS023054.
Citation: Slota C, Sayner R, Vitko M .
Glaucoma patient expression of medication problems and nonadherence.
Optom Vis Sci 2015 May;92(5):537-43. doi: 10.1097/opx.0000000000000574..
Keywords: Eye Disease and Health, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Medication, Health Literacy
Morton S, Shih SC, Winther CH
Health IT-enabled care coordination: A national survey of patient-centered medical home clinicians.
This study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of 6 proposed care coordination objectives for stage 3 of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services electronic health record incentive program (Meaningful Use) related to referrals, notification of care from other facilities, patient clinical summaries, and patient dashboards. It found that the activity most frequently supported by health IT was providing clinical summaries to patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS022693.
Citation: Morton S, Shih SC, Winther CH .
Health IT-enabled care coordination: A national survey of patient-centered medical home clinicians.
Ann Fam Med 2015 May-Jun;13(3):250-6. doi: 10.1370/afm.1797..
Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Primary Care, Patient-Centered Healthcare
Kenzik KM, Martin MY, Fouad MN
Health-related quality of life in lung cancer survivors: Latent class and latent transition analysis.
The authors determined the HRQOL classes that exist among lung cancer survivors, examined transitions among those classes over time, and compared survival outcomes of patients according to the classes present in the initial phase of care. Lung cancer survivors were characterized into 4 different classes based on HRQOL responses, and few survivors transitioned to better HRQOL classes.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Kenzik KM, Martin MY, Fouad MN .
Health-related quality of life in lung cancer survivors: Latent class and latent transition analysis.
Cancer 2015 May 1;121(9):1520-8. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29232..
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Lung Cancer, Outcomes, Quality of Life, Health Status
Hudson JL, Hill SC, Selden TM
AHRQ Author: Hudson JL, Hill SC, Selden TM
If rollbacks go forward, up to 14 million children could become ineligible for public or subsidized coverage by 2019.
This study investigated the potential health insurance options available to low-income children if federal CHIP funding ends in 2017 or if federal requirements change in 2019, allowing states to roll back Medicaid- and CHIP-eligibility thresholds to minimum levels. It found that the percentage of low-income children ineligible for public coverage or subsidized Marketplace coverage would increase from 22 percent in 2014 (12.5 million children) to 46 percent after 2019 (26.5 million children).
Citation: Hudson JL, Hill SC, Selden TM .
If rollbacks go forward, up to 14 million children could become ineligible for public or subsidized coverage by 2019.
Health Aff 2015 May;34(5):864-70. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0004..
Keywords: Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), Children/Adolescents, Health Insurance, Low-Income
Zhang J, Xie F, Delzell E
Impact of biologic agents with and without concomitant methotrexate and at reduced doses in older rheumatoid arthritis patients.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether concomitant methotrexate (MTX) use is associated with better biologic persistence and whether self-administered anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapies are used at reduced doses in real world clinical care settings, not just clinical trials. It found that use of concomitant MTX is associated with greater persistence to biologic therapy.
AHRQ-funded; HS018517.
Citation: Zhang J, Xie F, Delzell E .
Impact of biologic agents with and without concomitant methotrexate and at reduced doses in older rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Arthritis Care Res 2015 May;67(5):624-32. doi: 10.1002/acr.22510..
Keywords: Arthritis, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Treatments
Smith-Ray RL, Hughes SL, Prohaska TR
Impact of cognitive training on balance and gait in older adults.
The researchers assessed whether a commercially available computer-based cognitive training program delivered in a classroom format over a 10-week period improved physical performance outcomes related to walking and balance in older adults. They found that the time to complete the Timed Up and Go increased less for the intervention group; however, there were no significant differences by group on gait speed or gait speed while distracted.
AHRQ-funded; HS018295.
Citation: Smith-Ray RL, Hughes SL, Prohaska TR .
Impact of cognitive training on balance and gait in older adults.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2015 May;70(3):357-66. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbt097..
Keywords: Elderly, Health Information Technology (HIT), Comparative Effectiveness, Outcomes